ASPEK HUKUM PERBUATAN PERJANJIAN YANG DILARANG DALAM KERANGKA LARANGAM PRAKTEK MONOPOLI DAN PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitin ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana ruang lingkup pengaturan dari Undang-Undang Nomor 5 tahun 1999 tentang larangan praktek monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehatdan apakah larangan atau pembatasan membuat perjanjian menurut Undang-undang Nomor 5 tahun 1999 tentang larangan praktek monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat ada pertentangannya dengan asas kebebasan membuat perjanjian dalam Pasal 1338 KUHPerdata, yang mena dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan: 1. Perjanjian merupakan perbuatan hukum yang banyak digunakan dalam masyarakat yang oleh hukum dijamin kebebasan untuk membuat perjanjian guna mewujudkan keabsahan perjanjian itu sendiri. Walaupun asas kebebasan (konsensualis) dalam KUHPerdata menjamin kebebasan membuat perjanjian apa saja, akan tetapi ada pembatasannya, baik isi perjanjian itu sendiri yang tidak boleh bertentangan atau melanggar ketertiban umum maupun kesusilaan, serta melanggar undang-undang yang berlaku.                 Suatu perjanjian yang bertentangan atau melanggar ketentuan-ketentuan yang berlaku, tidak saja dapat dinyatakan batal demi hukum, akan tetapi juga dapat dibatalkan. 2.          Bahwa praktik monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat serta praktik demokrasi ekonomi di Indonesia berdasarkan Pasal 33 UUD 1945, mengundang kontroversi. System ekonomi Indonesia dalam UUD 1945 yang dilandasi oleh asas kekeluargaan, bertentangan dengan Undang-undang No. 5 Tahun 1999 yang lebih dipengaruhi oleh sistem kapitalisme dan liberalism, yang juga terwujud dalam era globalisasi perdagangan. System kapitalisme dan liberalism hanya siapa yang kuat, tetap hidup (Survival of the Fittest) merupakan system yang bertentangan, sementara itu kehadiran Hak Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha oleh BUMN sesuai Pasal 33 UUD 1945, ternyata tetap diakui di dalam Undang-undang No. 5 Tahun 1999 (Pasal 51). Dan dengan demikian, praktik monopoli maupun persaingan usaha tidak sehat, lebih banyak ditujukan kepada pelaku-pelaku usaha di luar Negara (BUMN), baik swasta maupun Koperasi.Kata kunci: praktek monopoli; persaiangan usaha tidak sehat

Evaluasi Pengendalian Internal dalam Sistem Informasi Akuntansi terhadap Penerimaan dan Pengeluaran Kas Studi Kasus PT Bank Sumut Syariah Cabang Medan Katamso

This research is to find out the Evaluation of Internal Control in the Accounting Information System on Cash Receipts and Disbursements Case Study of Pt. Bank Sumut Syariah Medan Katamso Branch. This study uses qualitative research methods and data collection techniques with interviews and documentation techniques. This study uses data collection techniques by interviewing several employees at Pt. Bank Sumut Syariah Medan Katamso Branch. The results of this study indicate that the internal control system for cash receipts and disbursements has been implemented by PT. Bank Sumut Medan Katamso Branch which has fulfilled the cash receipt and disbursement requirements. internal control system The effectiveness of cash receipts is not yet effective. At PT. Bank Sumut Medan Katamso Kota Branch, the capacity of the accounting information system to handle cash receipts and disbursements is inadequate so that the company's internal cash management becomes ineffective because the accounting and finance departments continue to play a complementary rol

Mutu Organoleptik Sosis Ikan Lele yang Disubtitusi dengan Rumput Laut

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh mutu hedonik dan formula sosis ikan lele terbaik yang disubstitusi rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii. Pada penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan formulasi sosis ikan lele yang disubstitusi dengan rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii. Pada penelitian utama dilakukan perlakuan substitusi antara Kappaphycus alvarezii dengan tepung tapioka. Perlakuan substitusi rumput laut adalah 11%, 15% dan 18%. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis sidik ragam dan analisis Kruskall-wallis. Sosis ikan lele yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi mutu hedonik yang terdiri atas kenampakan, tekstur, warna, aroma dan rasa. Substitusi rumput laut K. alvarezii sebesar 15% menghasilkan karakteristik mutu hedonik yaitu warna yang netral (merah), kenampakan agak homogen, kurang mengkilap dan sedikit berpori dan tekstur sosis ikan lele yaitu kenyal (normal). Formula sosis ikan lele (C. gariepinus) yang disubtitusi rumput laut K. alvarezii terbaik adalah konsentrasi 15%. Kata kunci: Mutu organoleptic, sosis, Clarias gariepinus , Kappaphycus alvarezii, mut

A standard tag set expounding traditional morphological features for Arabic language part-of-speech tagging

The SALMA Morphological Features Tag Set (SALMA, Sawalha Atwell Leeds Morphological Analysis tag set for Arabic) captures long-established traditional morphological features of grammar and Arabic, in a compact yet transparent notation. First, we introduce Part-of-Speech tagging and tag set standards for English and other European languages, and then survey Arabic Part-of-Speech taggers and corpora, and long-established Arabic traditions in analysis of morphology. A range of existing Arabic Part-of-Speech tag sets are illustrated and compared; and we review generic design criteria for corpus tag sets. For a morphologically-rich language like Arabic, the Part-of-Speech tag set should be defined in terms of morphological features characterizing word structure. We describe the SALMA Tag Set in detail, explaining and illustrating each feature and possible values. In our analysis, a tag consists of 22 characters; each position represents a feature and the letter at that location represents a value or attribute of the morphological feature; the dash ‘-’ represents a feature not relevant to a given word. The first character shows the main Parts of Speech, from: noun, verb, particle, punctuation, and Other (residual); these last two are an extension to the traditional three classes to handle modern texts. ‘Noun’ in Arabic subsumes what are traditionally referred to in English as ‘noun’ and ‘adjective’. The characters 2, 3, and 4 are used to represent subcategories; traditional Arabic grammar recognizes 34 subclasses of noun (letter 2), 3 subclasses of verb (letter 3), 21 subclasses of particle (letter 4). Others (residuals) and punctuation marks are represented in letters 5 and 6 respectively. The next letters represent traditional morphological features: gender (7), number (8), person (9), inflectional morphology (10) case or mood (11), case and mood marks (12), definiteness (13), voice (14), emphasized and non-emphasized (15), transitivity (16), rational (17), declension and conjugation (18). Finally there are four characters representing morphological information which is useful in Arabic text analysis, although not all linguists would count these as traditional features: unaugmented and augmented (19), number of root letters (20), verb root (21), types of nouns according to their final letters (22). The SALMA Tag Set is not tied to a specific tagging algorithm or theory, and other tag sets could be mapped onto this standard, to simplify and promote comparisons between and reuse of Arabic taggers and tagged corpora

College of Information Technology Arabic Natural Language Processing for Information Retrieval Hatem Haddad, CIT,

Human Language Technology has played a big role in implementing Latin based information retrieval systems. Two of the most sited techniques are stemming and truncation. Numerous studies have showed that the inflectional structure of words has a big impact on the retrieval accuracy of Latin-based languages information retrieval systems (IRS). Stemming or truncation is done for two principal reasons: the reduction in index storage required and the increase in performance due to the use of word variants. Several stemming algorithms were proposed for stemming text such as Porter for English. While these studies were concerned with Latin-based languages, only few studies give attention to the Arabic language. This paper we present a study of the Arabic language characteristics that can be useful to integrate in an information retrieval system and the kind of stemming techniques that can be used for the Arabic language. We used the.ae domain as a case study. We present some characteristics of this domain in our statistical experiments and the criteria we are using to evaluate Arabic search engines. 1

CM-Builder: An Automated NL-based CASE Tool

This paper describes a natural language-based CASE tool called CM-Builder which aims at supporting the Analysis stage of software development in an Object-Oriented framework. CM-Builder uses robust Natural Language Processing techniques to analyse software requirements texts written in English and build an integrated discourse model of the processed text, represented in a Semantic Network. This Semantic Network is then used to automatically construct an initial UML Class Model representing the object classes mentioned in the text and the relationships among them. The initial model can be directly input to a graphical CASE tool for further refinement by a human analyst. CM-Builder has been quantitatively evaluated in blind trials against a collection of unseen software requirements texts and we present the results of this evaluation, together with the evaluation methodology. The results are very encouraging and demonstrate that tools such as CM-Builder have the potential to play an important role in the software development process