The sustainability of reading recovery intervention on reading achievement of students identified as at-risk for early reading failure

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact and sustainability of successfully discontinued first grade Reading Recovery students as compared to non-Reading Recovery students in reading achievement measures as third graders. Schools are facing the unprecedented challenge to ensure reading success for all students by the end of second grade, regardless of the various strengths and challenges each individual child brings to school. Therefore, it is imperative that the chosen interventions truly do close the achievement gap and that the results sustain over time. This study may offer insight into the best use of available funding for at-risk readers in the primary grades

"Doing something in life”: Rural youth reimagining technical vocational education and training

Recent post-schooling policy continues to emphasise the importance of technical vocationaleducation and training (TVET) for employability in the workplace, thus largely reflecting theinterests of capital. However, the discourse of educating for employability is under increasingattack as unemployment levels rise; and recent policy has begun to argue for a consideration ofskills for livelihoods other than formal employment. Unemployment disproportionately affects theyouth and those living in rural areas, and TVET policy has begun to address this. However, suchpolicy remains firmly within neoliberalism, and does not address the interests or lived experienceof rural youth. A reimagining of TVET is required. In this, there is a need to understand what ruralyouth themselves consider to be most appropriate for local development needs. This article reportson a qualitative study done with ten youth from Limpopo Province to investigate what sort ofTVET out-of-school youth consider to be relevant in their context

Community, development and popular struggles for environmental justice

Scandrett, Eurig - ORCID 0000-0002-0932-8817 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0932-8817https://policy.bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/environmental-justice-popular-struggle-and-community-developmentpubpu

'Unlearning' hegemony : an exploration of the applicability of Alain Badiou's theory of the event to informal learning through an examination of the life histories of South African social movement activists.

Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.This thesis argues that it is both necessary and possible to change the world. Changing the world requires engaging with, to try to understand it from the basis of lived reality, and then acting. Our ability to do this is, however, affected by hegemony, which attempts to convince us that the way things are is either normal and natural and the only possible way they could be, or that it is impossible to change them. Nevertheless, there is always resistance to this, and I suggest that we might learn something useful by examining how this happens. The thesis thus explores Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, and its applicability to our current world; and also considers resistance to this. I argue that the nature of capitalism has shifted, and discuss how this shift has impacted on hegemony, identifying three current interlocking hegemonic ideologies. I consider current resistance to this hegemony, including the role of social movements. Much resistance, and many social movements, I argued, cannot properly be called counter-hegemonic in that, although it/they may critique the dominant economic system, it/they remain trapped within hegemonic logic. However, it is clear that there is existing truly counter-hegemonic resistance, including some social movements, and I argue that Abahlali baseMjondolo is one such counter-hegemonic movement. Thus it is possible that those who join/align themselves with this movement might be considered to have ‘unlearned’ hegemony and be useful subjects for this study. I thus consider the life stories of seven people who have aligned themselves to this movement, in order to determine whether they have indeed ‘unlearned’ hegemony, and if so, how. I discuss relevant and appropriate theory for examining this phenomenon, including experiential learning, transformative learning and Freirean emancipatory learning. I argue that whilst these theories of learning are helpful, they cannot entirely account for unlearning. I then turn to the theory of the event of Alain Badiou as a possible complementary or alternative way into thinking about unlearning. I apply both the learning theories and Badiou’s theory of the event to the stories, all of which show strong evidence of unlearning,, and consider how useful the theories are in understanding this. I conclude that all of the theories help to some extent in understanding the unlearning in stories. There are, however, fundamental differences between the learning theories on the one hand and Badiou’s theory on the other. I construct a model showing that the basis of the difference between the adult learning theories and Badiou’s theory of the event rests on the locus of the trigger for transformation. I argue that Badiou’s theory provides a very useful additional perspective to adult learning theory; but that it cannot be considered to have replaced existing theories in understanding how people learn informally to think and act in counter-hegemonic ways

An evaluation of the efficacy of stand-alone adult basic education material targeting women : The women's handbook.

Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.This thesis evaluates a piece of educational printed material, The Women's Handbook. which was produced in the late 1990s as part of a joint project between the Midlands Women's Group (an NGO working around women's rights in the Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal), the Centre for Adult Education of the then University of Natal, and the national Commission on Gender Equality, a statutory body set up by the 1996 Constitution of South Africa. As a member of the Centre for Adult Education's staff I was integrally involved in the process of conceptualising and developing the Handbook, and was the overall co-ordinator of the project. As a result of the wide-spread changes in local government, as well as in development planning and processes, in the early 2000s the Centre and the Midlands Women's Group began considering the advisability of producing a revised edition. Although anecdotal evidence suggested that the Handbook had been widely used by the women to whom it had been distributed, it was decided that a thorough evaluation of the Handbook should be undertaken before any attempt was made to revise it. This thesis is a record of this evaluation. It begins with a theoretical exploration of what it means to evaluate an intervention, and uses this to argue that an evaluation of the Handbook requires a consideration of its theoretical underpinnings and of best practice in the field of materials development for adults with low levels of education, as well its use and impact. It then moves on to look at the Handbook in some detail, including the rationale for its development. The use and impact of the Handbook is then discussed, after which an attempt is made to identify the theoretical underpinnings of the Handbook. Best practice both in terms of product and process is discussed, and the Handbook compared to this. The concluding chapter then attempts to account for the findings. In its structure at least, then, this is not a 'typical' thesis. The review of pertinent literature, for example, is not contained in a single chapter, but rather dealt with within the appropriate chapter

Multiple Health Behavior Changes in a Cancer Prevention Intervention for Construction Workers, 2001-2003

Introduction: Few multiple behavior change interventions have addressed tobacco use in conjunction with fruit and vegetable consumption, particularly among high-risk blue-collar workers. Tools for Health, a cancer prevention intervention for construction laborers, was effective in achieving behavior change for smoking cessation and fruit and vegetable consumption separately. This study examines whether addressing smoking and fruit and vegetable consumption was successful in achieving positive change for both behaviors. We also explored possible explanations for the relationship between behavior changes in these 2 behavioral domains. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial testing a smoking cessation and fruit and vegetable consumption intervention for construction workers. We used survey data from 300 intervention participants to answer our primary research question: Did participants who reported being smokers at baseline successfully quit smoking and increase their fruit and vegetable consumption by the end of the intervention? We used qualitative data from 16 small group discussions to help interpret these results. Results: Tools for Health participants achieved substantial levels of smoking cessation and increased their fruit and vegetable consumption, concurrently, during the course of the intervention. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that pairing smoking cessation with increasing fruit and vegetable consumption can be successful in a multiple behavior change intervention designed for high-risk blue-collar workers. Further, our findings provide potential directions for examining why this pairing might be complementary

Ly αα as a tracer of cosmic reionization in the SPHINX radiation-hydrodynamics cosmological simulation

The Ly$\alpha$ emission line is one of the most promising probes of cosmic reionisation but isolating the signature of a change in the ionisation state of the IGM is challenging because of intrinsic evolution and internal radiation transfer effects. We present the first study of the evolution of Ly$\alpha$ emitters (LAE) during the epoch of reionisation based on a full radiation-hydrodynamics cosmological simulation that is able to capture both the large-scale process of reionisation and the small-scale properties of galaxies. We predict the Ly$\alpha$ emission of galaxies in the $10^3$ cMpc$^3$ SPHINX simulation at $6\leq z\leq9$ by computing the full Ly$\alpha$ radiation transfer from ISM to IGM scales. SPHINX is able to reproduce many observational constraints such as the UV/Ly$\alpha$ luminosity functions and stellar mass functions at z $\geq$ 6 for the dynamical range probed by our simulation ($M_{\rm 1500}\gtrsim-18$, $L_{\rm Ly\alpha}\lesssim10^{42}$ erg/s, $M_{\star}\lesssim10^9$ M$_{\odot}$). As intrinsic Ly$\alpha$ emission and internal Ly$\alpha$ escape fractions barely evolve from $z=6$ to 9, the observed suppression of Ly$\alpha$ luminosities with increasing redshift is fully attributed to IGM absorption. For most observable galaxies ($M_{\rm 1500}\lesssim-16$), the Ly$\alpha$ line profiles are slightly shifted to the red due to internal radiative transfer effects which mitigates the effect of IGM absorption. Overall, the enhanced Ly$\alpha$ suppression during reionisation traces the IGM neutral fraction $x_{\rm HI}$ well but the predicted amplitude of this reduction is a strong function of the Ly$\alpha$ peak shift, which is set at ISM/CGM scales. We find that a large number of LAEs could be detectable in very deep surveys during reionisation when $x_{\rm HI}$ is still $\approx 50\%$

Simulating a situation of homelessness: nursing students' perceptions of learning through virtual embodiment

Individuals experiencing homelessness encounter unique challenges in accessing and receiving care in our health systems[1,2,3,4]  Preparing emerging health professionals to respond to their complex health needs will require innovative educational approaches that promote person-centered care, and stimulate critical reflection and action towards the personal, interpersonal and structural factors that shape health care delivery.[5,6,7] This presentation reports on preliminary findings of phase 1 of a critical qualitative case study of nursing student’s perceptions of learning about the experience of homelessness, through a virtual reality educational experience.  The study design was informed by critical transformative learning theories and theories of embodiment.  Twenty nursing students were engaged in a virtual reality experience of 12 minutes, followed by a 1:1 debrief interview. The debrief interview used an adapted version of the Promoting Excellence and Reflective Learning in Simulation (PEARLS) framework to elicit students’ reflections on the experience. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis involved a process of reading all of the transcripts for a sense of the whole, mindmapping each of the transcripts, identifying themes that permeated the data set, and coding data in Quirkos software. Six preliminary themes include: a) seeing the person through story, b) destabilizing assumptions and questioning stereotypes, c) embodied emotional awareness, d) challenges to care, e) recognizing vulnerability of people experiencing homelessness, and f) quality of the immersive experience in learning. The findings contribute to our knowledge about virtual reality simulation as an innovative approach to fostering learning about homelessness in health professions education. &nbsp

Simulating the diversity of shapes of the Lyman-α\alpha line

The Ly$\alpha$ line is a powerful probe of distant galaxies, which contains information about inflowing/outflowing gas through which Ly$\alpha$ photons scatter. To develop our understanding of this probe, we post-process a zoom-in radiation-hydrodynamics simulation of a low-mass ($M_* \sim 10^9 M_\odot$) galaxy to construct 22500 mock spectra in 300 directions from $z = 3$ to 4. Remarkably, we show that one galaxy can reproduce the variety of a large sample of spectroscopically observed Ly$\alpha$ line profiles. While most mock spectra exhibit double-peak profiles with a dominant red peak, their shapes cover a large parameter space in terms of peak velocities, peak separation and flux ratio. This diversity originates from radiative transfer effects at ISM and CGM scales, and depends on galaxy inclination and evolutionary phase. Red-dominated lines preferentially arise in face-on directions during post-starburst outflows and are bright. Conversely, accretion phases usually yield symmetric double peaks in the edge-on direction and are fainter. While resonant scattering effects at $< 0.2\times R_{\rm vir}$ are responsible for the broadening and velocity shift of the red peak, the extended CGM acts as a screen and impacts the observed peak separation. The ability of simulations to reproduce observed Ly$\alpha$ profiles and link their properties with galaxy physical parameters offers new perspectives to use Ly$\alpha$ to constrain the mechanisms that regulate galaxy formation and evolution. Notably, our study implies that deeper Ly$\alpha$ surveys may unveil a new population of blue-dominated lines tracing inflowing gas.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA