Microsatellite-Based Genetic Diversity Among Three Duck Populations in Sumatera Island

This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity among three duck populations (Bayang, Pegagan, and Pitalah) reared in Sumatera island, Indonesia, using microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity among populations (n = 90) was determined using 22 microsatellite markers, based on several indices: number of alleles (Na), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphism information content (PIC), and Wright’s F-statistics ( ). The total number of alleles detected across loci was 121. The Na per locus ranged from 2 (APH24, CAUD128, and CAUD009) to 18 (CAUD048 and CAUD040). The mean Ho (0.429) dan He (0.509) indicated that the level of genetic diversity among populations was moderate, while the mean PIC (0.46) suggested that the tested loci were informative for assessing genetic diversity. The mean F-statistics ( ) were 0.148, 0.198, and 0.060, respectively. The  value indicated that the level of genetic differentiation among populations was moderate. The results confirms a moderate genetic diversity among populations, which could be beneficial for designing conservation and utilization of the local ducks in Sumatera island

Revealing the correlation between hatching weight and egg characteristics in Tukong chickens

The Tukong chicken, renowned for its unique rumpless trait, is indigenous to West Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study endeavors to explore the intricate associations among hatching weight, egg weight, and egg index within the Tukong chicken breed. A total of 104 Tukong chicken eggs served as the primary research material, sourced from 10 female hens paired with 5 male counterparts. To ensure consistent data, the chickens were reared under uniform conditions and management practices. The parameters examined encompassed hatching weight, egg weight, egg length, egg width, and egg index. Comprehensive data analysis, including descriptive and correlation analyses employing SPSS version 25 software, unveiled specific metrics for the Tukong chickens in these dimensions: hatching weight (31.09±2.47 g), egg weight (42.65±4.59 g), egg length (49.84±2.33 mm), egg width (38.84±1.96 mm), and egg index (78.04±4.55%). Noteworthy findings include a robust and statistically significant positive correlation (p<0.01) between hatching weight and egg weight (r=0.758), egg length (r=0.495), and egg width (r=0.522). However, no significant correlation emerged between egg index and either egg weight or hatching weight. In conclusion, this research contributes valuable insights into the complex relationships governing hatching weight and various egg attributes in Tukong chickens. These findings promise to enhance egg quality and optimize hatching outcomes within Tukong chicken breeding programs

Body condition score sapi Bali induk dan temperature-humidity index di Kecamatan Tidore Utara, Kota Tidore Kepulauan

This study aimed to determine the body condition score (BCS) of Bali cows kept on smallholder farms and the temperature-humidity index (THI) in the Tidore Utara sub-district, from June to July 2022. Eighteen cows (2-3 years old) were selected on the basis of their BCS through direct observation (scoring scale: 1-5). The BCS data were analyzed as percentages (%) for each scoring scale and presented in a chart. The THI value was determined based on temperature (ºC) and humidity (%) data and analyzed using descriptive statistics as mean and standard deviation. The results showed that the average temperature in the morning and evening at the study site was relatively the same (32.00±3.14ºC vs. 32.01±1.17ºC), while the average humidity in the two-time groups was relatively different (87.89±11.14% vs. 77.96±6.50%). The average THI in the morning and evening (88.71±3.23 vs. 85.67±1.00) indicated that the cows in the study site experienced severe heat stress. The majority of the cows had BCS 3 (46.67%), while the remaining cows had BCS 2 (33.33%), BCS 4 (13.33%), and BCS 1 (6.67%). None of the cows had BCS 5 (0%)

IDENTIFIKASI KARAKTERISTIK FISIK TERNAK KAMBING DI PULAU TIDORE

The aim of this study was to identify the potential of goat farming on Tidore island through the identification of physical characteristics, e.g. body coat color, coat color pattern, facial profile, beard profile, and back profile. The physical characteristics of 101 goats (11 males and 90 females; aged 1 to 2 years) were observed, tabulated, and analyzed using descriptive statistics as number of observations and percentage. The results showed that the majority of the studied goats had the following physical characteristics: a combination of brown and white and of black, white, and brown for body coat color in males (45.45%) and females (27.78%), respectively, striped coat color pattern (63.64% in males; 78.89% in females), straight facial profile (81.82% in males; 95.56% in females), bearded in males (63.64%) and beardless in females (95.56%), and straight back profile (81.82% in males; 91.11% in females). It can be concluded that the studied goat population had variations in the physical characteristics, suggesting their potential use as a basis for development of goat genetic resources on Tidore island

The Estimation of Breeding Value of Rams at Technical Implementation Unit Development Center for Livestock Breeding in Margawati Garut, West Java

The objective of this study was to determine breeding value (BV) of rams of Garut sheep at Technical Implementation Unit Development Center for Livestock Breeding Margawati, Garut, West Java. This research was conducted from April 2014 to October 2014. The materials which were used in this study were data record during the last 5 years (2009–2014) that consists of 55 rams and 579 lambs which have weaning weight data. Weaning weight data has previously been corrected based on the type of birth, sex, and weaning age of 100 days. The BV was estimated using the components of heritability and repeatability value which were previously analyzed. The heritability and repeatability values of this study were 0.45 ± 0.08 and 0.34 ± 0.09. Estimation of heritability for weaning weight was calculated using paternal half-sib correlation, and the repeatability was estimated using interclass correlations method. The breeding value was estimated for the absolute value (NPabs) of rams based on weaning weight of the progenies. There were top 10 of dams with the highest BV. The result was sorted by the highest value to the lowest. The highest BV was 16.37 by the name antasena, and the lowest BV has been reported for wayang (15.45). The result of this study can be used as the basis recommendation for selecting rams in Technical Implementation Unit Development Center for Livestock Breeding in Margawati Garut, West Java

Polymorphism study of BMP15 gene in Indonesian Goats

Bone Moprogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) is the family of Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) superfamily which essential for early ovarian folliculogenesis. The aim of this study was to detect the genetic variation within BMP15 gene in four Indonesian goat breeds. A total of 27 blood samples of Gembrong, Kosta, Samosir, and Kacang goats reared in Indonesia Goat Research Center Sei Putih, North Sumatera were collected. Sequence alignment using of 4 samples represent each breed has revealed one synonymous mutation in position g.735A>G (position number refer to GenBank JQ320890), which did not induce the change of lysine in position 135. Genotyping based on SNP g.735A>G was accomplished using BbsI restriction enzyme with PCR-RFLP method. All three genotype (AA, GG, and AG) showed in Gembrong, while in Samosir and Kacang goat the GG genotype was absent. Interestingly, Kosta goat only has AA genotype. The A allele (83%) was higher than G allele (17%), followed with AA (70%, n=19), AG (26%, n=7), and GG (4%, n=1) genotypes in all sample breeds. The hardyweinberg equilibrium analysis resulted the sample population was not deviated (X2<5.59). It can be suggested the SNP g.735A>G might be used for further study in association the gene with reproductive traits in goat

Color Variation of Indonesian Native Ducks

Morphology are keys to differentiate breed, other than genetics. The unique nature of Indonesian ducks hasn’t been properly documented. Hence, this study was proposed to compare color variation as one of various morphology aspects of Indonesian native ducks. A number of 191 ducks from six varieties namely Alabio, Magelang, Rambon, Pegagan, Pitalah, and Bayang were recorded for 19 traits: bill color, bill pattern, nostrils color, bean color, eyes (bright part & dark part), crown color, cheek color, neck color, breast color, abdomen color, back color, wings secondary, wings primary, tail color, thigh color, webbed color, shank color. As results, Hundreds percent of bill color in Alabio duck is yellow while other ducks were dominated with black color. For nostrils color three ducks having 100% black color, only Magelang and Bayang have yellow (3.3%) and black color (3%), respectively. All the ducks have black color for bill nail except Magelang duck. The bright part of eye were vary from blue, grey, brown, and yellow. The bright eye in Rambon and Bayang duck were dominated with yellow color (100%). The dark part of eye indicated 100% having black color in all ducks. Crown, cheek and neck color were covered with 100% white brown in Alabio ducks. The others ducks were vary from brown, light brown, dark brown and black color. Alabio duck seems more uniform among population based on their morphological appearances. In conclusion, the morphological among Indonesian native ducks have various color and pattern

Color Variation of Indonesian Native Ducks

Morphology are keys to differentiate breed, other than genetics. The unique nature of Indonesian ducks hasn’t been properly documented. Hence, this study was proposed to compare color variation as one of various morphology aspects of Indonesian native ducks. A number of 191 ducks from six varieties namely Alabio, Magelang, Rambon, Pegagan, Pitalah, and Bayang were recorded for 19 traits: bill color, bill pattern, nostrils color, bean color, eyes (bright part & dark part), crown color, cheek color, neck color, breast color, abdomen color, back color, wings secondary, wings primary, tail color, thigh color, webbed color, shank color. As results, Hundreds percent of bill color in Alabio duck is yellow while other ducks were dominated with black color. For nostrils color three ducks having 100% black color, only Magelang and Bayang have yellow (3.3%) and black color (3%), respectively. All the ducks have black color for bill nail except Magelang duck. The bright part of eye were vary from blue, grey, brown, and yellow. The bright eye in Rambon and Bayang duck were dominated with yellow color (100%). The dark part of eye indicated 100% having black color in all ducks. Crown, cheek and neck color were covered with 100% white brown in Alabio ducks. The others ducks were vary from brown, light brown, dark brown and black color. Alabio duck seems more uniform among population based on their morphological appearances. In conclusion, the morphological among Indonesian native ducks have various color and pattern

Phylogenetic Tree Analysis for Ongole Grade (Kebumen Cattle) Based on Partial SRY Gene

Ongole grade (PO Kebumen cattle) has been registered and regarded as a valuable animal genetic resources in Indonesia. As an initial step in assesing the genetic relationship to other breeds, therefore phylogenetic analysis and calculation of genetic distances have been conducted using partial SRY gene. To perform a phylogenetic tree, a total of 14 Kebumen cattles were fistly aligned to 43 Madura cattle and 12 genbank references (Bubalus bubalis, Bos javanicus, Capra hircus, Bos taurus, and Bos indicus) of 928 bp SRY gene sequences using MEGA ver.7.0 software and the phylogenetic tree was performed using Neighbor-Joining and UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) methods. All of the alignment sequences of Kebumen cattle, were in monomorphic as well as in Madura 1 and Madura 2. The main results indicated that Kebumen cattle have a close relationship to both Bos indicus and Madura cattle (Madura 1 and Madura 2) with the closest genetic distance 0.000, indicating no different sequences. Hence, it can be implied that they shared a common ancestor. Moreover, the Kebumen cattle shared a distant relationship to both Bubalus bubalis (0.030) and Capra hircus (0.065). In our suggestion, these result will provide useful information for preservation and conservation strategies for Kebumen cattle as an Indonesian animal genetic resources