Optimalisasi Faktor Lingkungan Terhadap Jumlah Spora Terlepas Pada Gelidium SP.

This research was conducted to determine the influence of combined environmental factors on theoptimum number of spores released from Gelidium sp. The research was done at the laboratory ofMarine Science Development in Jepara.The design of the experiment used was split plot design basedon Completely Randomized Design with three factors : light intensity, photoperiod and salinity. Eachtreatment has three replications. As main plot was combination between light intensity and photoperiodwith three levels respectively ( 100 lux ; 500 lux ; 1000 lux ) and photoperiod 14 hours light 10 hoursdark ( 14 : 10 hours ; 16 : 8 hours ; 18 : 6 hours ) sub plot was salinity ( 25 %o ; 30 %o ; 35 %o ). Thecollected data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA, followed by DMRT.The result revealed thatthe treatment gave the significant effect on the spores released. The optimum average number of sporereleased of Gelidium sp. Were the combination of light intensity 500 lux, photoperiod 16 : 8 hours andsalinity 30 %o. There was a positive interaction between these three factors in affecting the sporereleased

BIOMONTORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF FISH FARMING PRACTICE AT LAKE RAWAPENING, CENTRAL JAVA BASED ON MACROBENTHIC ASSEMBALGES

Over the last decade, the rapid development of fish farming cage system activities at Lake Rawapening has led to the emergence of organic enrichment that may impact on changes in environmental quality. This study aims to determine the environmental quality and level of disturbance in the area of fish farming cages using macrobenthic community structure. Sampling was done in July, October, and December 2009 in three locations: Location I is at area of cages that are no longer in operation (fallowed site), Location II is at a new cage area actively operating and Location III as a reference/control is an area that is not used as a place of fish farming. Random sampling technique was employed in this study. Data were analyzed using ANOVA analysis, the index of species diversity (H'), the similarity type (J'), and multivariate analysis. The results show the variation of physical-chemical conditions over time, but not significantly different between sites. The composition of sediment in both the farming area as well as the reference/control site was dominated by coarse sand (42-47%). Macrobenthic structure differed significantly between sampling locations, but not between sampling time. Macrobenthic community structure at Location I and Location II were generally dominated by opportunistic taxa, particularly the Family Lumbrineridae (23.9%), Capitellidae (22.9%), and Tubificidae (14.7%) for Location I, and Family Thiaridae (28.4%), Turritellidae (25.6%), and Tubificidae (15.4%) for Location II. While at the Location III was dominated by the Family Thiaridae (52.7%). Result from multivariate analysis using Non-Metric Multi Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) indicates that the structure of macrobenthos is more likely to be influenced by the different physical-chemical environment in the three sampling locations. This shows the tendency of differences in species composition between sites during the sampling period

PENGEMBANGAN MANAJEMEN LINGKUNGAN BUDIDAYA IKAN MELALUI APLIKASI PROBIOTIC, PELET PROTEIN TINGGI, DAN BIOSECURITY UNTUK PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI DAN AKTIVITAS BUDIDAYA BERKELANJUTAN

Dalam upaya mewujudkan akuakultur berkelanjutan (sustainable aquaculture), sistem manajemen dan teknologi akuakultur yang perlu menjadi perhatian yang serius adalah pengembangan manajemen lingkungan budidaya dan fasilitas pendukungnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan antara lain untuk mengembangkan manajemen lingkungan budidaya ikan guna menunjang aktivitas budidaya yang berkelanjutan. Dalam jangka panjang, riset ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi nyata kepada masyarakat melalui kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat berupa pembuatan probiotik dan pelet ikan protein tinggi dengan memanfaatkan sumberdaya alam lokal, khususnya kerang air tawar (Anodonta woodiana Lea) and keong mas (Pomacea sp.) dan upaya meningkatkan daya dukung lingkungan perairan sehingga daya dukung (carrying capacity) lingkungan perairan Rawapening agar tetap terjaga. Penggunaan probiotik di lapangan dilakukan berdasarkan isolasi bakteri di perairan perairan danau Rawapening. Aplikasi biosecurity yang dilakukan antara lain identifikasi dan upaya pencegahan penyakit, memilih benih yang sehat dan melakukan pengontrolan terhadap pertumbuhan benih, melakukan pengontrolan terhadap kualitas lingkungan (air dan sedimen), dan melaksanakan program pembasmian penyakit bila terjadi wabah. Sedangkan proses pembuatan pelet meliputi penentuan formulasi, penggilingan bahan baku menjadi tepung, penimbangan, pencampuran bahan baku pelet, pengolahan adonan menjadi pelet/crumble, pengeringan, dan sortasi. Uji fisik pelet meliputi uji daya apung, uji daya tahan pelet dalam air, dan daya kekerasan pelet. Uji kimia dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan nutrisi pelet ikan yang dibuat. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pelet ikan komersial kualitas tinggi memiliki kandungan protein sebesar 35%, pelet dengan kualitas sedang memiliki kandungan protein sebesar 16%, sedangkan pelet alternatif memiliki kandungan protein sebesar 20%. Penyakit yang umumnya menyerang budidaya ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di perairan Rawapening antara lain parasit Trichodina sp (a) dan Trichodinella sp, jamur Saprolegnia sp, dan bakteri Streptococcus s

PENGEMBANGAN TEKNIK BIOMONITORING DAN BIOSECURITY YANG EFEKTIF DAN AKURAT MENUJU AKTIVITAS BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN BERKELANJUTAN

Aktivitas budidaya perikanan merupakan bagian penting dari usaha manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan berprotein tinggi yang terus meningkat, khususnya ikan dan crustacea. Namun dalam dua dekade terakhir, penurunan kualitas lingkungan, khususnya lingkungan perairan semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatkan aktivitas manusia. Hal ini sudah seharusnya menjadi perhatian yang serius baik oleh pelaku budidaya, institusi pendidikan, pemerintah daerah setempat, maupun pemerintah pusat. Budidaya tanpa diimbangi dengan pengetahuan wawasan pemanfaatan SDA dan prektek budidaya berkelanjutan akan sangat mudah terjadi bencana lingkungan, yang pada akhirnya berdampak pada penurunan produktivitas budidaya dan daya dukung lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakn di kawasan budidaya ikan sistem keramba di Danau Rawapening, kawasan budidaya ikan sistem tambak di perairan pesisir Sayung Demak dan kawasan budidaya ikan sistem tambak di perairan pesisir Tugu Rejo, Semarang, dengan difokuskan pada 3 kegiatan utama, yaitu (a) penerapan metode baru biomonitoring yang efisien, efektif dan akurat menggunakan multivariat dan metode grafis terhadap opportunistic species, (b) penerapan biosecurity untuk meningkatkan daya dukung lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan output berupa: presentasi oral dalam seminar internasional International Conference for Applied Life Science (ICALS) in Konya, Turkey, pada 10-12 September 2012 (www.icals.org), dan 1 publikasi ilmiah pada jurnal internasional: Journal of International on Environmental Applied Sceince (JIEAS) edisi Dsember 2012 (dalam proses publikasi/proof printing) dengan judul: Assessment of Environmental Quality of Coastal Fishpond Areas Using Macrobenthic Structure: Multivariate and Graphical Approaches

Development of Aquaculture Environmental Management for the Improvement of Production Capacity for Sustainable Aquaculture Activities

This study is aimed to develop the environmental management of fish farming in order to support sustainable farming activities in the form of production of high protein fish pellets using local natural biotas, especially freshwater clams (Anodonta woodiana Lea) and golden snails (Pomacea sp.) and efforts to increase the carrying capacity of water environment of Rawapening. Biosecurity application includes the identification and prevention of disease, controlling the quality of the environment, and implement eradication programs when an outbreak of disease occurs. Physical, chemical and biological tests suggested that pellet using A. woodiana Lea and Pomacea sp. as protein sources is better than commercial pellet. Diseases that generally attack the culture of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Rawapening waters include parasite Trichodina sp, Trichodinella sp, fungi Saprolegnia sp, and bacteria Streptococcus sp

Community structure of algae epiphytic in different leaf litter of mangroves

Mangrove is a plant that has the morphological and physiological adaptations to habitats which influenced by a tide. This plant can grow and develop in an environment of high salinity and its soil conditions are less stable and aerobic. Litter mangrove is the main source for the availability of detritus and is the largest component constituent of a food web in a mangrove ecosystem environment. Algae epiphytic microalgae is a group that lives attached to the plant, including the mangrove litter. The study aims to assess the abundance and diversity of epiphytic algae on different types of mangrove leaf litter. The observed mangroves leaf litter were Avicennia alba, Sonneratia sp. and Rhizophora sp. Epiphytic algae were brushed on mangrove leaf litter covering an area of 6.25 cm2 and diluted with distilled water. Samples were observed under a microscope with a magnification of 400 x. Water quality parameters were measured in situ and the organic ingredients, total N and P were analyzed. The results showed that epiphytic algae on each type of mangrove leaf litter were not different. Rhizophora sp is the most abundant and the richest species compared with other types of litter that are equal to 622 individuals / cm2 and 26 species of epiphytic algae. While the abundance of Avicennia alba and Sonneratia sp were 459 ind/cm2 and 321 ind /cm2, in the coastal mangrove areas of Morodemak was found 28 species of epiphytic algae. The common epiphytic algae species found in all types of mangrove litter were Cymbella sp., Coscinodiscus sp., and Synedra ulna. In general, the group of Bacillariophyta (diatoms) is the dominant species in some mangrove leaf.

The Use of Multivariate, Graphical Methods, and Feeding Types of Macrobenthic Structure in Assessing Environmental Disturbance: Temperate versus Tropical Regions

Introduction and Objective This study is aimed to assess the effectiveness of multivariate analyses and distributional/ graphical techniques in assessing the response of macrobenthic assemblages to environmental disturbance caused by fish farming, comparing temperate and tropical regions. Methods The biotic datas were used from samples taken under southern blue-fin tuna farms in southern Spencer Gulf, South Australia, and under floating net cage at Rawapening Lake, and under fish impoundment at coastal region of Demak District, Central Java, Indonesia. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Non Metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) were used for analysis the abiotic and biotic datas, respectively. Abundance-Biomass Comparison (ABC) curves were employed to detect the level of disturbance. Results The results showed that the use of multivariate analyses and distributional/graphical techniques are effective to assess the severity of disturbance, owing to sensitive response of macrobenthic assemblages to environmental disturbance that made it possible to detect effects of farming activities. The ordination of MDS and ABC curves showed consistently with Wstatistic and H’ index values in assessing the status of the area in that both tropical and temperate regions. They clearly separated the disturbed and undisturbed areas, whether in spatial and temporal, thus the methods may be applied at temperate and tropical regions. Conclusion Seasonal fluctuations caused by natural variability, hydrodynamic conditions, sediment characteristics, and organic matter are likely to be responsible for the observed changes of the assemblages over the study period. The use of multivariate analyses and distributional/graphical techniques are effective to assess the severity of disturbance, owing to sensitive response of macrobenthic assemblages to environmental disturbance that made it possible to detect effects of farming activities

The Use of Multivariate and Graphical Methods in Assessing Environmental Disturbance: Temperate versus Tropical Regions

This study is aimed to assess the effectiveness of multivariate analyses and distributional/graphical techniques in assessing the response of macrobenthic assemblages to environmental disturbance caused by fish farming, comparing temperate and tropical regions. The biotic datas were used from samples taken under southern bluefin tuna farms in southern Spencer Gulf, South Australia, and under fish impoundment at coastal region of Demak District, Central Java, Indonesia. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Non Metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) were used for analysis the abiotic and biotic datas, respectively. Abundance-Biomass Comparison (ABC) curves were employed to detect the level of disturbance. The results showed that the use of multivariate analyses and distributional/graphical techniques are effective to assess the severity of disturbance, owing to sensitive response of macrobenthic assemblages to environmental disturbance that made it possible to detect the effects of farming activities. The ordination of the MDS and ABC curves showed consistently with Wstatistic and H’ index values in assessing the status of the area in both tropical and temperate regions. They clearly separated the disturbed and undisturbed areas, whether in spatial and temporal, thus the methods may be applied for the datas taken from temperate and tropical regions