A novel scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-radio over fiber based on modulator and dithering technique: Impact of self phase modulation and group velocity dispersion

Nonlinearity characteristic in OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)-RoF (Radio over Fiber) system which causes the frequency shift of light and has a high electrical field on medium transmission. We begin by discussing SPM (Self Phase Modulation) and GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion) are part of nonlinear characteristic. SPM induced spectral broadening will be degrade performance of light wave and GVD will be impact on duration pulse of optic. The impaired information signal reduces the power and later affects the quality of signal. This research aims to focus on the improvement of two external modulator LiNbO3 MZM (Lithium Niobate-Mach Zehnder Modulator) and applying of frequency dithering techniques to reduce the existing nonlinearity of the optical fiber purposely to enhance the receiving power for the lower input power with the length of fiber up to 100 km. Finally, the result shows an average of 18.5% increase in the power level for linewidth of 1 MHz, 3 MHz, and 7 MHz across 50 km distance with the log BER (Bit Error Rate) -2.407, BER 0.003, and SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) 43.8, across 100 km of optical fiber the value of log BER -2.471, BER 0.003, and SNR 49.14

Terapi Menulis Pengalaman Emosional dalam Penurunan Gangguan Stres Pasca Trauma pada Penyintas Bencana

Bencana banjir melanda Pacitan bulan November Tahun 2017 silam meninggalkan dampak fisik yang buruk, di sisi lain bencana juga dapat menimbulkan dampak ketidakseimbangan psikologis atau gangguan psikologis pada korbannya terutama setelah kejadian bencana tersebut. Salah satu gangguan psikologis yang dialami oleh penyintas bencana adalah gangguan stres pasca trauma. Salah satu terapi atau intervensi psikologi yang biasa digunakan dalam menangani gangguan-gangguan psikologis adalah terapi menulis pengalaman emosional atau menulis ekspresif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi menulis pengalaman emosional terhadap upaya penurunan gangguan stres pasca trauma. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif eksperimen dengan model rancang two groups pretest-posttest dan jumlah subjek sebanyak 10 orang pada kelompok eksperimen dan 10 orang pada kelompok kontrol. Subjek merupakan penyintas bencana banjir pacitan yang berada di MA Pembangunan PP Al-Fattah Kikil Arjosari Pacitan. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan skala modifikasi IES-R untuk mengukur tingkat gangguan stres pasca trauma. Hasil analisis data menggunakan Paired sample t Test untuk kelompok eksperimen menunjukkan penurunan skor yang signifikan dengan t = 5,304 dan signifikansi p = 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05 sedangkan kelompok kontrol menunjukkan ada penurunan yang tidak signifikan dengan t = 2,129 dan signifikansi 0,062 lebih besar dari 0,05. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi menulis pengalaman emosional memberikan pengaruh terhadap penurunan tingkat gangguan stres pasca trauma pada penyintas bencana banjir Pacitan di MA pembangunan PP Al-Fattah Kikil Arjosari Pacitan

Regional and annual variability in common eider nesting ecology in Labrador

Nesting densities are often used to estimate breeding population size and with other measures of reproductive performance can be useful indicators of population status. These aspects of breeding biology often show considerable spatial and temporal variation. Between 2000 and 2003, we surveyed nesting common eiders (Somateria mollissima) on 172 islands in three archipelagos (Nain, Hopedale, Rigolet) on the Labrador coast. Rigolet was the largest archipelago (2834 km2) followed by Nain then Hopedale, and island density varied inversely with archipelago size. Overall means were: nest density 52.0 ± 141.9 (SD) nests/ha; nest initiation 12 June ± 12 days; clutch size 3.7 ± 1.2 eggs/nest; egg volume 98.8 ± 10.4 cm3; and clutch volume 392.3 ± 135.0 cm3. Rigolet had the highest average egg volumes and nest densities, the highest single island nest density of 1053 nests/ha, and the earliest average nest initiation date. We found significant differences in nest densities among archipelagos and across years; significant archipelago and year interactions were detected for nest initiation date and clutch size. Signifi cant differences were found among individual islands for all response variables except egg volume. For egg volume, within-archipelago island differences were not signifi cant, but between-archipelago differences were signifi cant. Thus egg volume may be a useful diagnostic to identify population affi liation

Cyclic Avian Mass Mortality in the Northeastern United States Is Associated with a Novel Orthomyxovirus

Since 1998, cyclic mortality events in common eiders (Somateria mollissima), numbering in the hundreds to thousands of dead birds, have been documented along the coast of Cape Cod, MA, USA. Although longitudinal disease investigations have uncovered potential contributing factors responsible for these outbreaks, detecting a primary etiological agent has proven enigmatic. Here, we identify a novel orthomyxovirus, tentatively named Wellfleet Bay virus (WFBV), as a potential causative agent of these outbreaks. Genomic analysis of WFBV revealed that it is most closely related to members of the Quaranjavirus genus within the family Orthomyxoviridae. Similar to other members of the genus, WFBV contains an alphabaculovirus gp64-like glycoprotein that was demonstrated to have fusion activity; this also tentatively suggests that ticks (and/or insects) may vector the virus in nature. However, in addition to the six RNA segments encoding the prototypical structural proteins identified in other quaranjaviruses, a previously unknown RNA segment (segment 7) encoding a novel protein designated VP7 was discovered in WFBV. Although WFBV shows low to moderate levels of sequence similarity to Quaranfil virus and Johnston Atoll virus, the original members of the Quaranjavirus genus, additional antigenic and genetic analyses demonstrated that it is closely related to the recently identified Cygnet River virus (CyRV) from South Australia, suggesting that WFBV and CyRV may be geographic variants of the same virus. Although the identification of WFBV in part may resolve the enigma of these mass mortality events, the details of the ecology and epidemiology of the virus remain to be determined. IMPORTANCE The emergence or reemergence of viral pathogens resulting in large-scale outbreaks of disease in humans and/or animals is one of the most important challenges facing biomedicine. For example, understanding how orthomyxoviruses such as novel influenza A virus reassortants and/or mutants emerge to cause epidemic or pandemic disease is at the forefront of current global health concerns. Here, we describe the emergence of a novel orthomyxovirus, Wellfleet Bay virus (WFBV), which has been associated with cyclic large-scale bird die-offs in the northeastern United States. This initial characterization study provides a foundation for further research into the evolution, epidemiology, and ecology of newly emerging orthomyxoviruses, such as WFBV, and their potential impacts on animal and/or human health