162 research outputs found
Surveillance of Individuals at High Risk for Developing Pancreatic Cancer
__Abstract__
We still face great difficulties to treat and cure patients with pancreatic ductal
adenocarcinoma (henceforth referred to as pancreatic cancer). The survival is dismal even
in those who undergo intended curative surgery in case of a localized tumor. Despite the
relatively low incidence of 9-12 per 100.000 per year in Western populations (approximate
lifetime-risk 1.0%), pancreatic cancer is ranked among the to
Measurement-induced focusing and the magnitude of loss aversion:The difference between comparing gains to losses and losses to gains
Research has identified loss aversion as a strong and robust phenomenon, but has also revealed some moderators affecting the magnitude of its effect on decision making. In the current article, we draw attention to the fact that even the measurement of loss aversion itself may affect its magnitude by inducing a focus on either losses or gains. In three studies, we provide empirical evidence for such a measurement-induced focus. In all studies we used coin-toss gambles---in which there is a 50/50 chance to win or to lose---to assess gain/loss ratios as a measure of loss aversion. Participants either filled out the loss side or the gain side of this gain/loss ratio. The studies consistently showed that---using within- and between-subject designs and anticipated and real coin-toss gambles---the strength of loss aversion depended on the measurement format (fill-in-the-loss versus fill-in-the-gain); filling in the loss side increased loss aversion. Moreover, loss aversion was more affected by the stakes of the gamble in the fill-in-the-loss format than in the fill-in-the-gain format
Tomorrow is another day: how motives of entrepreneurship relate to the pursuit of business growth
Past research has suggested that small business growth plays an important role in economic growth. This paper presents three studies that examined the psychological process underlying the relationship between motives of entrepreneurship and business growth pursuit by focusing on the role of time perspective. The results from three studies (Study 1, N = 142, and Study 2, N = 181, mostly Western small‐business owners; Study 3, N = 254, Indonesian small‐business owners) demonstrated that opportunity‐based entrepreneurship was positively associated with business growth pursuit through increased future time perspective (Studies 1 to 3), whereas necessity‐based entrepreneurship was negatively associated with business growth pursuit through increased present time perspective and decreased future time perspective (Study 3). These findings help explain why some business owners avoid business growth by highlighting the vital role of time perspective in explaining why and how motives of entrepreneurship relate to the pursuit of business growth across social and cultural contexts.Social decision makin
Notes on Stein-Sahi representations and some problems of non harmonic analysis
We discuss one natural class of kernels on pseudo-Riemannian symmetric
spaces.Comment: 40p
Action of overalgebra in Plancherel decomposition and shift operators in imaginary direction
Consider the Plancherel decomposition of the tensor product of a highest
weight and a lowest weight unitary representations of .
We construct explicitly the action of the Lie algebra in the
direct integral of Hilbert spaces. It turns out that a Lie algebra operator is
a second order differential operator in one variable and second order
difference operator with respect to another variable. The difference operators
are defined in terms of the shift in the imaginary direction , (the Plancherel measure is supported by real ).Comment: 12 page
Current knowledge on organizational humanness and its relation to leadership: A scoping review
The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the available body of knowledge on organizational humanness, and its relation with leadership behavior. We discuss three related concepts that were found in this review: organizational dehumanization, objectification, and organizational humanization, and present how they have been measured. The results of this review show that most studies concern the absence of humanness in organization, that is, organizational dehumanization or objectification, and measures therefore have a corresponding focus on the absence of humanness as well. Accordingly, the available literature on the relation between leadership and (de)humanization seems mostly focused on the absence of humanness. We emphasize the necessity of studying experienced humanness in organizations and the importance of clarifying the leadership behavior that can support and increase experienced humanness
Surveillance for pancreatic cancer in high-risk individuals
Background Surveillance of individuals at high risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its precursors might lead to better outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and outcomes of PDAC and high-risk neoplastic precursor lesions among such patients participating in surveillance programmes. Methods A multicentre study was conducted through the International CAncer of the Pancreas Screening (CAPS) Consortium Registry to identify high-risk individuals who had undergone pancreatic resection or progressed to advanced PDAC while under surveillance. High-risk neoplastic precursor lesions were defined as: pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) 3, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN) with high-grade dysplasia, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours at least 2 cm in diameter. Results Of 76 high-risk individuals identified in 11 surveillance programmes, 71 had undergone surgery and five had been diagnosed with inoperable PDAC. Of the 71 patients who underwent resection, 32 (45 per cent) had PDAC or a high-risk precursor (19 PDAC, 4 main-duct IPMN, 4 branch-duct IPMN, 5 PanIN-3); the other 39 patients had lesions thought to be associated with a lower risk of neoplastic progression. Age at least 65 years, female sex, carriage of a gene mutation and location of a lesion in the head/uncinate region were associated with high-risk precursor lesions or PDAC. The survival of high-risk individuals with low-risk neoplastic lesions did not differ from that in those with high-risk precursor lesions. Survival was worse among patients with PDAC. There was no surgery-related mortality. Conclusion A high proportion of high-risk individuals who had surgical resection for screening- or surveillance-detected pancreatic lesions had a high-risk neoplastic precursor lesion or PDAC at the time of surgery. Survival was better in high-risk individuals who had either low- or high-risk neoplastic precursor lesions compared with that in patients who developed PDAC
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