CHANGES IN SOIL AGGREGATE, BULK DENSITY AND SOIL PERMEABILITY RATE AS THE INDICATORS OF SOIL CRUST PROCESS THROUGH THE USE OF CHICKEN MANURE AND PAM UNDER INTENSE RAINFALL WITH ONE DAY DRAINAGE PROCESS = PERUBAHAN AGREGA

Soil crust is a soil surface layer which is more compact, hard, and brittle when dry than underlaying material. Soil aggregate stability, bulk density and soil permeability rate are closely related to this process. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chicken manure doses and certain chicken manure with PAM (Polyacrile Amide) on soil aggregate, bulk density and soil permeability rate. The result of this research, are: (1) an incremental addition of chicken manure into soil will increase soil aggregation percentage, soil stability and soil permeability rate, (2) the combined incremental additions of chicken manure with PAM were found to be more effective than only an incremental additions of chicken manure, increasing the aggregation percentage, soil aggregate stability, from the soil one day drainage process, but another case in decreasing the bulk density permeability rate from the soil with the same process

Sediment Enrichment Ratio and Nutrient Leached by Runoff and Soil Erosion on Cacao Plantation

Soil consevation management system is an activity for diminishing sediment enrichment ratio and nutrient leacheds by water run off and soil erosion processes. The research was aimed to study sediment enrichment ratio and nutrient leached by run off and soil erosion on cacao plantations. Arachis pintoi with strips parallel contour and multiple strip cropping of upland rice or soybean (Glycine max) were planted to improve soil physical characterictic on cacao plantation as a main plant. The expriment were conducted with treatments as 10-15% and 40-45% slopes, 5-7 months and 25-27 months cacao ages (as main plants). As sub plots are T1 as a monoculture which to be cleaning under the plant canopy, T2 as a multiple strip cropping of upland rice or soybean, T3 as a combination of T2 and A. Pintoi strip. The results showed that  total N, P2O5, and K2O and organic-C contents in water run off and soil sediments indicated that T3 >T2 >T1 treatment, with the contents of each nutrient: T3 (total N 0.18%; 24.87 mg 100 g-1 P2O5: K2O 15.16 mg 100 g-1), T1 (total N 0.16%, 22.39 mg 100g-1 P2O5, K2O 11.50 mg 100g-1).  The total N, P2O5, K2O and organic-C soil contents 1

CHANGES IN SOIL PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THE SOIL CRUST PROCESS THROUGH THE USE OF CHICKEN MANURE AND POLYACRYLE AMIDE UNDER INTENSE RAINFALL

Soil crust is a soil suface layer which is more compact, harder, and brittle when it is drier than underlaying material.  The soil physical characteristics such as aggregate stability, bulk density and soil permeability rate are closely related to this soil crust process.  An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chicken manure doses and certain chicken manure with PAM (Polyacrile Amide) to soil aggregate, bulk density and soil permeability rate.  The result of this research, were: 1) An incremental addition of chicken manure into soil increased soil aggregation percentage, soil stability and soil permeability rate, and  2) The combined incremental additions of chicken manure with PAM were found to be more effective than only an incremental additions of chicken manure, increasing the aggregation percentage, soil aggregate stability, from the soil one day drainage process, but another case in decreasing the bulk density permeability rate from the soil with the same process

Erosion Prediction and Soil Conservation Planning in Lawo Watershed Indonesia

Land conversion from forest to agricultural land is a serious problem in Lawo Watershed. Agricultural practices without implementing the adequate of soil conservation and agrotechnology has led to high erosion and decrease land productivity. Management of Lawo Watershed is should be made by integrating the soil and water conservation and the increament of agriculture production. The aim of this study is to analyze the prediction of erosion and arrange the land use and soil conservation planning which actual erosion (A) is greater than tolerable eorion (T) in Lawo Watershed. USLE equation and Erosion Hazard Index is used to predict the erosion and soil and water conservation planning in the location. The results showed that moderate rate of surface erosion is dominant in the location which area of 18,804.64 ha (53.46%), which is generally spread in the center of watershed, while tolerable erosion is varies between 17.56 - 54.77 ton ha-1 thn-1 in each land unit. Erosion hazard index is the ratio between erosion predictions on each land unit with tolerable erosion in the same land unit. Index erosion which is moderate, high and very high category is dominant with total area of 19,347.66 ha (55%), this condition indicates that A value is higher than T. Therefore, it is need to manage the land unit in Lawo Watershed through land use planning and apply the soil conservation, so that the sustainability of land in the watershed can be reached. Land use planning that suggested are reforestation of shrubland area and development of agroforestry in mixed farming, while soil and water conservation that recommended are bund teracce and garden terrace combined with teracce strenghtening crop as well as mulch of 6 ton ha-1 in slope 0 – 8%. Keywords: USLE, Soil Erosion, Watershed, Erosion Index, Soil and Water Conservation

Phonska Fertilizer Leaching and Its Effect on Spinach Growth and Productivity (Amaranthus tricolor. L) on Latosol with Different Clay Content

Sufficient available water in soil is very essential for plant growth, not only as a nutrient solvent but also to maintainoptimal turgor pressure. Occasionally, additional water supply from irrigation is necessary to achieve optimal soil water,:ondition. The aim of this research was to study leaching of several nutrients correlated to the growth and productivity ofspinach. PHONSKA fertilizer as a source of nutrients was applied to Latosols Darmaga having different clay content. Thetreatments were subjected to different level of water supply resulting in different soil moisture regime. Factorial completelyrandomized design was used for the experiment; the first factor was clay content. Clay content was differentiated between 81% clay (very fine clayey) and 51 % clay (fine clayey). The secondfactor was level of water supply (100, 120, 140 and 160 % ofwater holding capacity).The result of this research showed that the interaction between clay content and amount of water supplied significantlyinfluenced rate of N, P and K leaching, the sum of leached water and also produced plant biomass (

Pengaruh PhytoRemediator Tanaman Kayu Apu (Pistia stratiotes) dan Kiambang (Salvinia molesta) pada Kualitas Air Graywater untuk Hidroponik Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa)

Graywater of domestic waste has a  biodegradable organic matter characteristics which can be decreased by using waterwaste phytoremediator method. The objective of this research was to study the effect of Pistia Stratiotes and Salvinia Molesta on water quality for hydrophonic media of Lactuca Sativa production. Greenhouse experiments were conducted at Darmaga Research Station, Bogor. A complete factorial experimental design with three replications was used. The first factor was two waterwaste circulation remediator tank types (WWCRTT), and the second factor was a control, Pistia and Salvinia treatments.  The results of these experiments showed that:  the influence of plant has a significant difference to water COD at zero to one week after planting(WAP), and the influence of WWCRTT has also a significant difference to water COD at three WAP. The influence of WWCRTT has a significant difference to P-water content at zero, two, and three WAP. Plants, WWCRTT and their combinations have significant diference on NO3-water content at one WAP. The total of P and NO3 water contents were not sufficient for plant growth, and the influence of  flooding water and bad drainage can decrease plant yield.Key words: graywater, hydrophonic, phytoremediato

ANALISIS RESPON HIDROLOGI TERHADAP PENERAPAN TEKNIK KONSERVASI TANAH DI SUB DAS LENGKONG MENGGUNAKAN MODEL SWAT

Salah satu penyebab banjir dan erosi adalah kondisi biofisik di bagian hulu Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) yang sudah tidak dapat mendukung fungsi hidrologis DAS. Perlu dilakukan upaya-upaya penerapan teknik konservasi tanah yang tepat untuk memperbaiki fungsi hidrologis DAS tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis respon hidrologi berdasarkan kondisi biofisik DAS pada tingkat analisis skala meso, dan (2) menganalisis respon hidrologi berdasarkan penerapan skenario teknik konservasi tanah. Wilayah kajian untuk penelitian adalah di sub DAS Lengkong yang terletak di bagian hulu DAS Cisadane seluas 1,788 ha. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pemodelan hidrologi Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Hasil analisis respon hidrologi terhadap penerapan skenario konservasi tanah menunjukkan Koefisien Regim Sungai sebesar 149.71 untuk skenario 1 (penanaman tanaman strip) dan 2 (penanaman pohon mengikuti kontur), sebesar 149.80 untuk skenario 3 (pembuatan teras), sebesar 150.25 untuk skenario 4 (gabungan skenario 1 dan 2), dan sebesar 149.31 untuk skenario 5 (gabungan skenario 1, 2 dan 3). Berdasarkan nisbah erosi potensial dengan erosi yang dapat ditoleransi, diperoleh indeks bahaya erosi untuk skenario 1 sebesar 2.63 (sedang), skenario 2 sebesar 2.57 (sedang), skenario 3 sebesar 0.60 (rendah), skenario 4 sebesar 2.45 (sedang), dan skenario 5 sebesar 0.44 (rendah). Penerapan teknik konservasi tanah yang mengkombinasikan penanaman pohon mengikuti kontur dan penanaman tanaman strip dengan pembuatan teras secara bersamaan, merupakan teknik konservasi tanah yang terbaik untuk memperbaiki respon hidrologi DAS, sehingga dapat direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan di sub DAS Lengkong pada khususnya, dan di DAS Cisadane bagian hulu pada umumnya

PERBEDAAN NILAI KADAR AIR KAPASITAS LAPANG BERDASARKAN METODE ALHRICKS, DRAINASE BEBAS, DAN PRESSURE PLATE PADA BERBAGAI TEKSTUR TANAH DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PERTUMBUHAN BUNGA MATAHARI (Helianthus annuus L.)

Ketersediaan air dalam tanah merupakan salah satu faktor penting bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Kadar air pada kapasitas lapang dapat ditetapkan dengan metode yang berbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan berbagai metode pengukuran kadar air kapasitas lapang dan melihat responnya terhadap pertumbuhan bunga matahari. Penelitian ini diawali dengan penetapan kadar air kapasitas lapang (KAKL) dengan yaitu metode Alhricks, Drainase bebas, dan Pressure Plate terhadap tiga kelas tekstur tanah berbeda yaitu: liat, lempung liat berpasir, dan lempung berpasir. Selanjutnya di rumah kaca, dilakukan penanaman bunga matahari dengan perlakuan kombinasi perbedaan jenis tekstur dan pemberian air pada KAKL dari masing-masing metode. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan percobaan faktorial acak lengkap dengan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tekstur dan metode penetapan serta interaksi keduanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai KAKL. Kadar air kapasitas lapang (% berat) pada tekstur liat (62.18%) lebih besar dibandingkan tekstur lempung liat berpasir (20.42%) dan lempung berpasir (10.92%). Pada penetapan kadar air kapasitas lapang dengan metode Alhricks, ketebalan pasir kuarsa yang paling baik adalah 6 cm dan tanah 3 cm, karena data kadar air yang diperoleh lebih konsisten serta menghasilkan nilai R2 yang paling tinggi (0.967). Pada tekstur liat perlakuan penyiraman yang didasarkan pada KAKL tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, dan biomassa akar kering namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap biomassa akar basah, biomassa tajuk basah dan kering, serta panjang akar. Pada perlakuan tekstur, terlihat perbedaan respon pertumbuhan yang nyata antara tanaman bunga matahari yang ditanam pada tekstur liat, lempung liat berpasir, dan lempung berpasir