Kajian Awal Pembuatan Surfaktan Dari Tempurung Kelapa

Tempurung kelapa merupakan limbah dari buah kelapa yang berpotensi untukdijadikan surfaktan karena kandungan lignin sekitar31,9%.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi larutan perebus dan perbandingan reaktan untuk memperoleh hasil surfaktan yang maksimal. Lignin yaitu suatu phenolic polimer yang menyebabkan kekuatan dan rigidity pada dinding sel tanaman berkayu. Surfaktan adalah zat seperti deterjen yang ditambahkan pada cairan untuk meningkatkan sifat penyebaran atau pembasahan dengan menurunkan tegangan muka. Tempurung kelapa kering dihaluskan dan dikumpulkan serbuknya sebagai bahan baku. Serbuk tempurung kelapa direaksikan dengan larutan natrium bisulfit dengan variasi konsentrasi 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, dan 30%, dan variasi perbandingan tempurung kelapa dan natrium bisulfit sebesar 1:5, 2:5 dan 3:5 di dalam suatu reaktor menggunakan labu leher tiga dengan operasi suhu 115 0 C, waktu reaksi 20 menit, pH 4 serta kecepatan pengadukan 80 rpm. Hasilnya disaring sehingga dihasilkan residu dan filtrat. Filtrat yang mengandung surfaktan dianalisis dengan metode spektrofotometri UV- Visible. Berdasarkan penelitian didapatkan surfaktan maksimal pada penggunaan natrium bisulfit dengan konsentrasi 30% dan perbandingan reaktan 3:5. Kata Kunci: surfaktan, tempurung kelap

The Establishment of Child Health Cadre as Prevention for Foodborne Disease at Primary Schools

Personal health, including health on school-age children comes from food intake. But often, these foods can cause health problems, such as foodborne diseases. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to monitor the Clean and Healthy Lifestyle (CHL) of children at school through the establishment and evaluation of child health cadres. Phases of activities are the selection of child health cadres (10 children), training and determination of the child that will be monitored (40 children), preliminary assessment on the monitored CHL, two-month monitoring and final assessment. Monitored CHL are the CHL associated with foodborne diseases such as clean nails, snacks habit, habit of bringing lunch, and hand-washing habit in schools. Descriptive analysis showed that there were differences between the CHL school children before and after the monitoring conducted by child health cadres, however the results of the Chi-Square Test indicated that only the habit of bringing lunch that yield a significant change (p=0.01). Evaluation of the routine activity showed that the average cadre activity on monitoring is 75.7% and the average of completeness monitoring books is 91.9%. The activities of child health cadres can be applied on an ongoing basis with the school health program activities that have been established in schools

The Difference Practice of Condom Usage to Direct and Indirect Woman Sex Worker in Preventing HIV at Sidoarjo

Direct Woman Sex Worker (Direct-WSW) is a woman who openly offers sex at street legal or illegal prostitution complex or ex legal or illegal prostitution complex, while Indirect Woman Sex Worker (Indirect-WSW) is a woman who operate in concealed as prostitute who works at certain job or has other main job and indirrectly offers sex at places of entertainment as massager or public relation in bar or karaoke. The objective of this study is to know the difference practice using condom to direct-WSW and indirect-WSW in prevention against HIV in Sidoarjo. This study is an analytic observational study using survey method and case control approach. The population such as ndirect-WSW population is 20 people and direct-WSW population is 233 people. Determining the size for sample in hypothesis test using Lameshow formula by ratio 1:2 is gotten indirect-WSW sample for 20 people by total sampling technique and direct-WSW sample for 42 people by simple random sampling technique. The variables are characteristic and practice of both sample group. The result of the study shows that both respondent group are having high the practice of condom USAge in preventing HIV in direct-WSW 73% and indirect-WSW 30%. The conclusion from this study is there is different practice in condom USAge to direct-WSW and indirect-WSW in preventing HIV in Sidoarjo. The suggestion for further researchers to be able to expand the research sample, add other variable, and expand different research methodology like quantitative and experiment

Description the Activities of Recording and Reporting Maternal Health Monitoring in PWS-KIA Based on Surveillance Attributes

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in East Java Province tends to increase every year. In fact, Jember has the highest number of maternal deaths during the period 2009-2011, and placed in 2nd position during 2012. Puskesmas Kaliwates for 3 consecutive years has the highest number of maternal deaths in the Jember. This research aimed to to describe the activities of recording and reporting the maternal health monitoring in PWS KIA system at Puskesmas Kaliwates, Jember regency, in 2012 by using attributes surveillance.The Research design is descriptive. Assessment in attributes of maternal health monitoring on PWS KIA system at Puskesmas Kaliwates in 2012 showed that the system is quite complicated, lack of flexibility, low quality of data, high acceptability, low sensitivity, low NPP, low representativeness, uncertain timelines, and low stability of data.The alternative solutions given are familiarizing midwife to analyze and compose a follow-up planning, improving the quality of the completeness and data\u27s accuracy, standardizing the entire form on KIA PWS systems to avoid duplication and increase forms simplicity,completing PWS KIA guidelines in Puskesmas, making guidelines on how to fill the form, taking records on register cohort of mother by dividing the sheet into 12 sections by month for pregnant women by gestational age group to facilitate the monitoring of pregnant women and childbirth, developing other surveillance system, forming KIA surveillance team, improving attendance format, and using a computerized system

EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN INVESTIGASI KONTAK KASUS TUBERKULOSIS DI KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG, PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

Angka penemuan kasus Tuberkulosis baru di Kabupaten Tulungagung selama tiga tahun terakhir belum memenuhi target yang telah ditetapkan dan cenderung menurun, hal ini didukung dengan rendahnya cakupan kegiatan Investigasi kontak kasus Tuberkulosis yang merupakan salah satu cara penemuan kasus Tuberkulosis secara aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan evaluasi pelaksanaan investigasi kontak kasus tuberkulosis yang diimplementasikan di Kabupaten Tulungagung pada tahun 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi deskriptif dengan pendekatan evaluasi yang dilakukan pada Bulan Juli Tahun 2022. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dari laporan SITB. Evaluasi dilakukan pada capaian indikator utama, proses dan output dalam implementasi pelaksanaan investigasi kontak. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada indikator utama, capaian kasus indeks yang diinvestigasi kontak, temuan kasus TB baru dari hasil investigasi kontak, dan pemberian pengobatan pencegahan TB bagi kontak anak <5 masih belum maksimal. Pada indikator proses, kontak yang diskrining TBC dan terduga TBC yang dirujuk dan dilakukan pemeriksaan sudah baik. Pada indikator output, kasus TBC yang terkonfirmasi dan memulai pengobatan sudah memenuhi target sedangkan kasus TBC yang menyelesaikan pengobatan belum memenuhi target program. Pelaksanaan investigasi kontak kasus tuberkulosis di Kabupaten Tulungagung belum maksimal, perlu adanya monitoring dan evaluasi yang rutin secara berjenjang

The Relationship Analysis Between Husband\u27s Knowledge, Attitude and Practice for Maternal Health

The total mortality of mother in East Java was still catagorized so high. Pasuruan regency was one of many areas which capable to decrease maternal mortality rate(MMR) up to the targeted level number by MDGs 2015. The maternal health was also one of husband\u27s duty as a decision maker in the family. The purpose of this research was to analyze a relationship among knowledge, attitude and the husband\u27s practice for maternal health. This research was done in May until June 2013 at Puspo sub-district of Pasuruan Regency. A research design was a cross sectional of the population from of all of couple who had a child from second month to 2 years old, lived in a roof. The amont of respondent was 115 couple. The sample selection was systematically done by random sampling. The variable of this research was characteristic, knowledge, attitude and the husband\u27s action. The result showed that mostrespondens had lower knowledge about maternal health (72,2%), a positive attitude (73,9) and the unsupported action in maternal health (68,7). A chi-square test showed that there was no relationship between knowledge antion, neither between attitude nor action on maternal health.The conclusion that can be drawn on research about relationship of knowledge, attitudes and actionsin support of maternal health husband wife in Pasuruan district Puspo isno correlation between knowledge and attitude of the husband with the husband in the act of giving support to maternal health became pregnant wife until the election of contraception

Application Database of Comprehensive Emergency Neonatal and Obstetric Service in Sampang Hospita

Services Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (PONEK) is essential maternal and neonatal care/ emergency comprehensively which aims to save mothers and newborns. Activities PONEK in Hospital involving several service units where data maternal and neonatal services are sourced from each service unit, database shall be integrated data and information wich is needed. The purpose of this study was to develope database model PONEK. The scope includes the development of database PONEK include maternal and neonatal care int he Hospital. This research was conducted through qualitative approach to the type of research was action research that the development of database model. Development of database model PONEK system approached includes input, process and output. Subjects in this study was the Hospital Management Team and Officers PONEK Recording and Reporting Hospital Sampang. Analysis of recording and reporting system PONEK Sampang Hospital found some problems that the registers were not uniform formats, duplication of records, which is still manual data storage, process inautomation as well asa report that has not produced informationis still limited. Results of this study are prototype Database PONEK based on the information needs of maternal and neonatal care. PONEK database developed can generate the information needed by the team so that it can be used to PONEK performance monitoring and evaluation in the Hospital. Implementation of the database PONEK should be supported by the availability of appropriate computer specifications, human resources that qualified, maintenance management system and training toimprove reporting officers PONEK

Measles Surveillance Attributes Assessment Based on the Puskesmas Surveilance Officers\u27 Perception in Surabaya

Measles is one of infectious diseases that potentially lead to death when complications occur. Based on the data from East Java Health Department, Surabaya is the area where the most measles cases occur in East Java and increase in the last three years. As one of measles controlling efforts, surveillance has been expected to provide qualified data and information as the basis for any decision making for a treatment or intervention. Therefore, an evaluation is needed in order to assure the effectiveness and efficiency of the surveillance application in achieving the goals. This study is a descriptive research aiming at evaluating the attributes of measles epidemiology surveillance system in Surabaya on 2012. The evaluation was done by assessing the attributes of surveillance then compared to Technical Guide for Measles Surveillance 2012, The Decree of The Health Ministry of The Republic of Indonesia No.1116/MENKES/SK/VIII/2003 On Guide for Conducting Surveillance System of Health Epidemiology and Guidelines for Evaluating Surveillance Systems from Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2001. The data collection method employed interview and observation or study documentation. The respondents of this study were 39 surveillance officers at 39 Puskesmas in Health Department Surabaya working area. The variabels of this study were simplicity, flexibility, data quality, acceptability, sensitivity, predictive value positive, representativeness, timeliness, and stability. The results of this study showed that the simplicity is complicated. The flexibility from CBMS is not flexible whereas the flexibility from EWARS is flexible. The data quality, acceptability, sensitivity and representativeness are low. The predictive value positive has not been able to be scored. The stability is high and the timeliness is punctual

Aedes Aegypti in Sekumpul Village (Martapura - District of Banjar, South Kalimantan) is Tolerant to Temephos

Since 1976, Temephos has been used as larvicide in Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) control program. The long term use of this insecticide can cause resistance. This research aimed to know the susceptibility of Ae. aegyptito organophosphate insecticide-Temephos in DHF endemic area, Sekumpul District-Martapura, Kalimantan Selatan. This was a true experiment study with Post test only control group design. We tested the larvae bioassay based on WHO standard procedures (Susceptibility Test). Result showed that mortality rate of larvae Ae. aegypti at WHO diagnostic dosages (0,02 mg/L) in an in vitro mannerwas 95 %, meaning that larva Ae. aegypti in Sekumpul was tolerance to Temephos in an in vitro manner. According to the result, the use of Temephos is slill relevant as effective larvicide in Sekumpul dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever control program. Additionally, regular evaluation on Temephos effectivity is needed Temephos telah dipakai sebagai larvasida dalam pengendalian vektor demam dengue dan demam berdarah dengue sejak tahun 1976. Penggunaan insektisida dalam waktu yang lama dapat menyebabkan resistensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status kerentanan vektor demam berdarah dengue Ae. aegypti terhadap insektisida organosfosfat temephos di daerah endemis demam berdarah dengue Kelurahan Sekumpul Kota Martapura Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan rancangan eksperimen murni (true experiment) dengan desain penelitian Post test only control group design. Penelitian dilakukan dengan uji kerentanan terhadap larva berdasarkan standar WHO (Susceptibility Test). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa persentase kematian larva Ae. aegypti pada konsentrasi diagnosa WHO (0,02 mg/L) sebesar 95 %, artinya larva Ae. aegypti Kelurahan Sekumpul berada pada tahap toleran terhadap temephos secara in vitro, sehingga penaburan temephos masih dapat digunakan sebagai larvasida yang efektif dalam upaya pengendalian vektor demam dengue dan demam berdarah dengue jangka pendek di Kelurahan Sekumpul. Kecenderungan hasil juga mengimplikasikan perlunya evaluasi berkala terhadap efektifitas temephos di kemudian hari