2,832 research outputs found
Farmers Markets and Single-Use Plastic: Why Environmentally Conscious Consumers Donât Bring Reusable Bags
This study looks at the role of Extension in helping local officials reduce plastic bag use at farmers markets in three Lake County, OH communities. We distributed free reusable bags to shoppers and conducted an education and outreach program. We then took observations to determine if the free reusable bags were being used. We also invited shoppers to take a voluntary survey about their environmental attitudes, why or why not they use the reusable bags, and how best to reduce plastic bag use moving forward. Results from the study suggest that supplying free reusable bags at farmer markets is not an effective strategy for Extension professionals attempting to reduce plastic bag use. Instead, we recommend working with local officials to develop financial incentives and disincentives tied to the type of bag option shoppers use, implement plastic bag bans at markets, and conduct locally-focused education and outreach. Although shoppersâ environmental literacy and desire for sustainability is high, it is shown that behavior change is unlikely to occur without financial or policy incentives
Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis
For the study of neuromodulation in Cancer borealis we have designed a microfluidic device to separate and detect bioamine concentrations with a high temporal resolution. Our goal is to use this device to measure the concentration of continuous bioamine microdialysis samples directly from the pericardial cavity (the area surrounding the heart) of Cancer borealis. The microfluidic device that we designed is made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and exhibits an off-channel configuration of capillary electrophoresis (CE) by incorporating micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). CE is used to separate bioamines based on charge and size due to the applied electrical potential. In the off-channel configuration, the potential is applied across the separation channel and grounded by the palladium decoupler, which lies just before the detector. Microchip CE is advantageous because it uses small amounts of analyte and completes fast run times. We will use MEKC to separate dopamine and octopamine, since they are structural isomers, by their difference in affinity to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. This results in different elution times for dopamine and octopamine. We were able to drive the fluid in the correct direction. The creation of this device has valuable implications, allowing for baseline concentrations of neuromodulators with the Cancer borealis to be established. The effect of different stimuli on these crabs can then be more accurately determined
Morelli v. Cedel: Ignoring Jurisdictional Limits and Outflanking Congress Towards the Internationalization of the ADEA
Throughout the Twentieth Century, legislatures at all levels of American government have sought admirably to protect workers from a host of economic and societal ills by enacting broad-based remedial legislation. At times, these same legislatures have abdicated responsibility to the executive bureaucracy for further regulatory development. Without ensuring the attendant transfer of political accountability commensurate with the authority of the regulatory state, the delicate balance of powers crafted by the founders becomes skewed. Armed with the combined might of legislative fiat and unfettered enforcement power, the heavy hand of an over-zealous executive bureaucracy extends itself beyond the bounds initially established by the legislature in what is known as âmission creep.â And, in the modern economy, the ramifications of mission creep are global.\u
Novel phosphite and nutrient application to control Phytophthora cinnamomi disease
Systemic treatment of stems with injections of phosphite liquid and novel soluble capsule implants of phosphite, PHOSCAPÂź (phosphorous, potassium, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper, magnesium and molybdenum) and MEDICAP MDÂź (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, iron, manganese, and zinc), were applied to Banksia grandis and Eucalyptus marginata trees to control Phytophthora cinnamomi. Four weeks after treatment application, excised branches were under-bark inoculated with P. cinnamomi. In B. grandis, phosphite implants and liquid injections significantly reduced lesion length compared to the control, and MEDICAP MDÂź implants; however, there was no significant difference in lesion length between trees treated with phosphite implants and liquid injections and PHOSCAP implants. In E. marginata, phosphite implants and liquid injections significantly reduced lesion length compared to the control, PHOSCAPÂź and MEDICAP MDÂź implants. In B. grandis and E. marginata, PHOSCAPÂź and MEDICAP MDÂź implants reduced the average lesion length compared to the control; however, the interactions were not significant. Results show that both liquid phosphite injections and novel phosphite implants are effective at controlling lesion extension in B. grandis and E. marginata, caused by P. cinnamomi. Further work is required to determine if nutrient application reduces Phytophthora disease through improving plant health
Adolescent mental health: Challenges with maternal noncompliance
The leading cause of suicide ideation, attempts, and completion in adolescents is persistent and unresolved parental conflict. National statistics show extremely high rates of childhood neglect and abuse are perpetrated most often by single mothers. Psychiatric disorders arising from maternalâchild dysfunction are well-documented. However, resources to prevent offspring victimization are lacking. Here, we report maternal neglect of a 15-year-old male brought to the psychiatric emergency room for suicidal ideation. An inpatient treatment plan including pharmacotherapy, family therapy and psychological testing was initiated. The patientâs mother failed to attend clinic appointments or family therapy sessions. Clinician attempts to engage the mother in the treatment plan was met with verbal assaults, aggression, and threatening behavior. The patient decompensated in relation to the motherâs actions. Child Protective Services were contacted and a follow-up assessment with the patient and mother is pending. Psychiatric treatment of the mother may be a necessary intervention and prevention regimen for both the adolescent and the mother. Without consistent Child Protective Services oversight, medical and psychosocial follow-up, the prognosis and quality of life for this adolescent is considered very poor. Stringent mental health law and institutional policies are needed to adequately intercede and protect adolescents with mental illness
Community Response to Coastal Storm Hazards: Analyzing Vulnerability & Resilience
Coastal storms and flooding are among the most destructive natural hazards worldwide. Climatic changes are predicted to worsen these hazards by producing increased precipitation and more frequent and severe storms. For some populations, the physical and economic impact of storm hazards are difficult to absorb due to a lack of institutional resources and large percentage of low-income home and business owners. Residents can be at risk due to environmental factors, such as proximity of housing to flood zones, as well as sociodemographic challenges like poverty. In response, applied research is needed to identify communities that are increasingly vulnerable to storm hazards, and to support municipalities and local residents with building resilience. This study accomplishes this by analyzing the vulnerability of 42 communities in Northeast Ohio in the United States. Communities are categorized for vulnerability according to an index of fivebiophysical and fivesociodemographic indicators. All indicators are combined to produce a vulnerability index, which will be used to support climate mitigation strategies.AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Scott Hardy, OSU Extension educator, Ohio Sea Grant, [email protected] (Corresponding Author)Coastal storms and flooding are among the most destructive natural hazards worldwide. Climatic changes are predicted to worsen these hazards by producing increased precipitation and more frequent and severe storms. For some populations, the physical and economic impact of storm hazards are difficult to absorb due to a lack of institutional resources and large percentage of low-income home and business owners. Residents can be at risk due to environmental factors, such as proximity of housing to flood zones, as well as sociodemographic challenges like poverty. In response, applied research is needed to identify communities that are increasingly vulnerable to storm hazards, and to support municipalities and local residents with building resilience. This study accomplishes this by analyzing the vulnerability of 42 communities in Northeast Ohio. Communities are categorized for vulnerability according to an index of five biophysical and five sociodemographic indicators
Local cloning of entangled states
We investigate the conditions under which a set \SC of pure bipartite
quantum states on a system can be locally cloned deterministically
by separable operations, when at least one of the states is full Schmidt rank.
We allow for the possibility of cloning using a resource state that is less
than maximally entangled. Our results include that: (i) all states in \SC
must be full Schmidt rank and equally entangled under the -concurrence
measure, and (ii) the set \SC can be extended to a larger clonable set
generated by a finite group of order , the number of states in the
larger set. It is then shown that any local cloning apparatus is capable of
cloning a number of states that divides exactly. We provide a complete
solution for two central problems in local cloning, giving necessary and
sufficient conditions for (i) when a set of maximally entangled states can be
locally cloned, valid for all ; and (ii) local cloning of entangled qubit
states with non-vanishing entanglement. In both of these cases, a maximally
entangled resource is necessary and sufficient, and the states must be related
to each other by local unitary "shift" operations. These shifts are determined
by the group structure, so need not be simple cyclic permutations. Assuming
this shifted form and partially entangled states, then in D=3 we show that a
maximally entangled resource is again necessary and sufficient, while for
higher dimensional systems, we find that the resource state must be strictly
more entangled than the states in \SC. All of our necessary conditions for
separable operations are also necessary conditions for LOCC, since the latter
is a proper subset of the former. In fact, all our results hold for LOCC, as
our sufficient conditions are demonstrated for LOCC, directly.Comment: REVTEX 15 pages, 1 figure, minor modifications. Same as the published
version. Any comments are welcome
Gravitational Microlensing Near Caustics I: Folds
We study the local behavior of gravitational lensing near fold catastrophes.
Using a generic form for the lensing map near a fold, we determine the
observable properties of the lensed images, focusing on the case when the
individual images are unresolved, i.e., microlensing. Allowing for images not
associated with the fold, we derive analytic expressions for the photometric
and astrometric behavior near a generic fold caustic. We show how this form
reduces to the more familiar linear caustic, which lenses a nearby source into
two images which have equal magnification, opposite parity, and are equidistant
from the critical curve. In this case, the simplicity and high degree of
symmetry allows for the derivation of semi-analytic expressions for the
photometric and astrometric deviations in the presence of finite sources with
arbitrary surface brightness profiles. We use our results to derive some basic
properties of astrometric microlensing near folds, in particular we predict for
finite sources with uniform and limb darkening profiles, the detailed shape of
the astrometric curve as the source crosses a fold. We find that the
astrometric effects of limb darkening will be difficult to detect with the
currently planned accuracy of the Space Interferometry Mission. We verify our
results by numerically calculating the expected astrometric shift for the
photometrically well-covered Galactic binary lensing event OGLE-1999-BUL-23,
finding excellent agreement with our analytic expressions. Our results can be
applied to any lensing system with fold caustics, including Galactic binary
lenses and quasar microlensing.Comment: 37 pages, 7 figures. Revised version includes an expanded discussion
of applications. Accepted to ApJ, to appear in the August 1, 2002 issue
(v574
Pathogenicity of Phytophthora species isolated from declining European blackberry (Rubus anglocandicans) in the natural ecosystems of South Western Australia
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