Making room for faith in English dispute resolution proceedings

The case of Baby MB (An NHS Trust v MB (A child represented by the CAFCASS as Guardian ad Litem) [2006] EWHC 507 (Fam) [2006] 2FLR 319 reveals some of the difficulties faced by persons of faith when they are involved in legal proceedings in the English law courts. It raises the question of whether faith is relevant when decisions are taken in court, and if so how it is relevant. What high profile healthcare cases like this also illustrate is that there are legal cases that involve not just legal issues, but also ethical and faith issues. However, when these cases come to court they are framed as though they are primarily legal disputes that require a purely legal solution. While judges address the legal issues, they are reluctant to address the ethical and faith issues, and if they do address the ethical and faith issues, they address them in strictly legal terms. These difficulties are not restricted to one faith but encompass all faiths, and they are not restricted to litigants but also include representatives of Christian churches who make submissions to court. Although the difficulties are often revealed in healthcare cases they are not restricted to these cases but include other types of legal case and extend to employment tribunals. These cases raise important questions about how courts and tribunals deal with persons of faith, how we understand conflict and resolve disputes, the nature and aim of law, the relationship between law, ethics and religion, the role of judges, and how we perceive and deal procedurally with cases that involve issues of faith. This thesis will explore these issues, and discuss whether room can be made for faith in English Dispute Resolution proceedings, and if so, how this might be accomplished.A.H.R.C

A Nutritious bread

The data reported in this paper were taken from theses presented by Elizabeth R. Harding and Elizabeth Hamilton Bay to the Faculty of the Graduate school of the University of Missouri in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts and from a special problem by Dorothy Tyrrell, a graduate student--P. [3].Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (pages 23-24)

Muscle Atrophy Marker Expression Differs between Rotary Cell Culture System and Animal Studies

Muscular atrophy, defined as the loss of muscle tissue, is a serious issue for immobilized patients on Earth and for humans during spaceflight, where microgravity prevents normal muscle loading. In vitro modeling is an important step in understanding atrophy mechanisms and testing countermeasures before animal trials. The most ideal environment for modeling must be empirically determined to best mimic known responses in vivo. To simulate microgravity conditions, murine C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in a rotary cell culture system (RCCS). Alginate encapsulation was compared against polystyrene microcarrier beads as a substrate for culturing these adherent muscle cells. Changes after culture under simulated microgravity were characterized by assessing mRNA expression of MuRF1, MAFbx, Caspase 3, Akt2, mTOR, Ankrd1, and Foxo3. Protein concentration of myosin heavy chain 4 (Myh4) was used as a differentiation marker. Cell morphology and substrate structure were evaluated with brightfield and fluorescent imaging. Differentiated C2C12 cells encapsulated in alginate had a significant increase in MuRF1 only following simulated microgravity culture and were morphologically dissimilar to normal cultured muscle tissue. On the other hand, C2C12 cells cultured on polystyrene microcarriers had significantly increased expression of MuRF1, Caspase 3, and Foxo3 and easily identifiable multinucleated myotubes. The extent of differentiation was higher in simulated microgravity and protein synthesis more active with increased Myh4, Akt2, and mTOR. The in vitro microcarrier model described herein significantly increases expression of several of the same atrophy markers as in vivo models. However, unlike animal models, MAFbx and Ankrd1 were not significantly increased and the fold change in MuRF1 and Foxo3 was lower than expected. Using a standard commercially available RCCS, the substrates and culture methods described only partially model changes in mRNAs associated with atrophy in vivo

Polyphonic legality: power of attorney through dialogic interaction

Building on Bakhtin’s work on discourse, this paper uses the concept of polyphony to explore capacity law praxis. Drawing on everyday interaction about power of attorney, we demonstrate how legal, lay, and medical understandings of capacity operate dialogically, with each voice offering distinct expressions of legality. Analysing lay and medical interactions about Lasting Power of Attorney - the legal authority to make decisions on behalf of a person who loses the mental capacity to make their own decisions - we argue power of attorney holds a ‘polyphonic legality’. We argue that legal concepts (like power of attorney) are constructed not solely through official law, but through dialogic interaction in their discursive fields. We suggest ‘polyphonic legality’ offers an innovative approach to understanding how law works in everyday life, which is attentive to the rich texture of legality created by and through the multiple voices and domains of socio-legal regulation

Characterization of the Effects of Radiation on Skeletal and Smooth Muscle Cells

Muscular atrophy is a serious issue for extended spaceflight. Understanding and preventing the role of ionizing radiation in skeletal muscle loss would preserve the strength and endurance of astronauts and enable longer duration space travel and exploration. Irradiation was performed in the USU material physics group\u27s Space Suvivability Test Chamber. C2C12 and CRL-1999 cells were exposed to dosages ranging from 0.5 - 36.8 Gy. Cell viability and growth rate were measured immediately following irradiation

Characterizing the Effects of Radiation on Muscle Cells

One of the primary concerns for those spending time in low gravity and high radiation environments is muscle atrophy. A major cause of muscular atrophy is oxidative stress which is amplified by increased levels of ionizing radiation during spaceflight. Additionally, high levels of radiation can damage DNA, increasing the risk of cancer. Utah State University’s Space Environment Test Facility was used to irradiate C2C12 myoblasts and human vascular endothelial cells with a beta-radiation dosage mimicking that on the International Space Station and a 3-year deep space mission

Hospitality, healing and haints: african american indigenous religion and activism

Este texto é um trecho do livro Remnants: A Memoir of Spirit, Activism and Mothering, publicado por Duke University Press em 2015. Remnants é uma colaboração entre Rachel e sua finada mãe, Rosemarie. Atraves de memórias da vida de Rosemarie enquanto militante no movemento negro dos anos 60, e da história oral da familia Freeney-Harding, o Remnants examina o papel de compaixão, e uma espiritualidade mística, afroindigena do sul dos estados unidos como recursos para militância social e racial na communidade negra norteamericana. O texto está escrito na voz de Rosemarie.Palavras-chave: Ativismo. Negros Sul-americanos. Espiritualidade. Misticismo. Família

O acolhimento, a cura e os vultos: reflexões sobre a religião e a militância negra-norte-americana do sul dos Estados Unidos

Este texto, uma colaboração entre Rachel e sua falecida mãe, Rosemarie, reconta, por meio de memórias da vida de Rosemarie enquanto militante no movimento negro dos anos 60 e pela história oral da família Freeney-Harding, a experiência dos negros norte-americanos que migraram do sul do país para cidades do norte do país nas primeiras décadas do século vinte. O texto examina tradições de acolhimento, cura, e uma espiritualidade mística afro-indígena do sul dos Estados Unidos como recursos para militância social e racial na comunidade negra norte americana. O texto está escrita na voz de Rosemarie.Palavras-chave: Ativismo. Negros Sul-americanos. Espiritualidade. Misticismo. Família

'I've got a little list'-the scourge of a surgical junior. A quality improvement project to change the surgical patient list in a district general hospital

Background: Junior doctors at the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital spend hours every day creating and updating patient lists for all surgical specialties on Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. This not only consumes time that should be spent on clinical tasks, it allows for human errors, system errors and patient safety concerns. Our aim was to reduce time spent on the list and reduce the chance for error. Methods: We measured the time junior doctors spent creating and updating the surgical lists for one specialty, and on-call shifts. Our first Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle was to introduce clinical secretaries; this reduced the time spent by ward teams on the list but had no effect on the on-call team. We then worked with the hospital application developer to adapt software currently used to suit all surgical teams. Once completed, this software was rolled out alongside the existing spreadsheet method with a view to a switch after a transition period. Results: The introduction of clinical secretaries reduced the time spent on the colorectal surgery list from 99.22 min a day to 43.38 min. The on-call team however did not benefit from this intervention. Following the introduction of the new software, the day on-call team time spent on the list changed from 121 min a day to 4.66 min. The night on-call team time changed from 91 min to 7.38 min. Conclusion: Reducing the time juniors spend compiling surgical lists has clear benefits to patients with extra time for junior doctors to clerk patients. The use of an automated system removes the chance of error in transcription of blood results. Due to the success of this project, colorectal, upper gastrointestinal, urology, vascular and on-call teams have adopted the new list permanently.This article is freely available via Open Access. Click on the Publisher URL to access it via the publisher's site.published version, accepted version, submitted versio