Glass Ceiling Or Saran Wrap™? Women In Gaming Management

This study explores women\u27s representation in gaming management in the 24 highest gross revenue gaming establishments in America. While almost 54% of foodservice and lodging employees are women, and approximately 44% of the managers in foodservice and lodging are women, one area of hospitality seems to be lagging-gaming. Our data indicated that women held 123 of 496 positions or 24.8% of casino management positions. Almost 68% of these female managers were in non-gaming positions. Our findings appear to support social closure theory since 11 of the 40 women in gaming management positions were in the cage department, and 4 of the 5 managers in Keno departments were women

Boston Hospitality Review: Spring 2018

Table of contents: Sustainability In Hospitality? How Legality and Authenticity Impact the Rationale for Integrating Sustainable Practices By Christian E. Hardigree, J.D. -- The Digital Future of the Tourism & Hospitality Industry By Martin Zsarnoczky -- Cutting Through the Online Hospitality Clutter, Part II: Best Practices for Paid Digital Marketing By Leora Lanz and Namrata Sridhar -- Blending Theory and Practice: Experiential Learning in Hospitality Curriculum: A Case Study of Student Projects for Industry Clients By Michael Oshins and Joel Brown

On the Characterization and Manipulation of Interfaces in Organic and Hybrid Electronic Devices

Organic electronics comprises a field of study at the intersection of chemistry, physics, electrical engineering, and materials science focused on the development of electronic devices in which the active charge transporting materials are composed of organic conjugated molecules. This field has grown out of an interest in harnessing many attributes of organic materials not readily available to inorganic semiconductors, including: low synthesis temperatures for organic compounds; a nearly infinite combination of chemical moieties with similar conjugated character; and ease of fabricating thin films of organic compounds through both vacuum and solution processes. These properties make the fabrication of low-cost, highly-customizable electronics commercially viable, despite their inferior carrier transport to crystalline inorganic semiconductors. This key hurdle—understanding charge transport in organic molecules and thin films made from them—has become a primary research objective in the field. Understanding charge transport in organic electronic devices spans analysis across various size scales, each contributing to the observed behavior of an electronic device: * The chemical structure of the constituent conjugated molecules (Ås) * The arrangement of these molecules into ordered and disordered regions within a thin film (10s of Ås) * The configuration of the thin film within the working device (100s of Ås) At each of these scales, the concept of an interface acquires new meaning, scaling from van der Waals forces between molecules, to grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials, and incrementally to device-scale junctions between dissimilar materials. Because each of these interfaces can promote or inhibit carrier transport within an electronic device, a complete understanding of carrier transport in organic semiconductors (OSCs) demands comprehensive characterization of interfaces at each of these scales. The subject of this thesis is a critical examination of the insulator-OSC interface in the context of several electronic device architectures. The properties of this interface are of paramount importance in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), where the low intrinsic carrier mobilities of OSCs renders them highly susceptible to even the most marginal deviations from an ideal interface. As a result, transistor switching characteristics quickly carry through to circuit-level reliability and power consumption. This dissertation aims to demonstrate the use of existing materials in new ways for exercising nanoscale control over this interface, with an eye towards understanding their individual and collective charge transport behavior. Chapter 1 reviews the state of the art in control over the threshold voltage of OFETs, of which two methods—dipolar self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and electrostatic poling—are considered in the subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 details the use of SAMs of dipolar alkylsilanes as a surface treatment for tuning VT, reducing leakage currents, and improving switching efficiency. Increases in field-effect transconductance in SAM-treated OFETs are shown to be consistent with the presence of additional surface states. Chapter 3 details an approach to decouple the relative contributions of the insulator/SAM and SAM/OSC interfaces from the capacitive responses of the OFET multilayer, and is compared to recent theoretical predictions of increased energetic disorder in SAM-treated OSC layers. Increased mobility of equilibrium carriers as measured with charge extraction are compared to OFET measurements and are shown to further reinforce the notion that larger molecular dipoles contribute to enhanced carrier transport through changes in the energetic disorder at the insulator/OSC interface. In Chapter 4 electrostatic poling, or gate stressing, of lateral OFETs is explored. A Poisson’s equation model is applied to surface potential images of stressed lateral OFETs and shown to accurately predict the observed threshold voltage shift. Lastly, Chapter 5 presents future directions for the study of SAM-treated interfaces using charge extraction, with a focus on the use of SAMs as remedial layers for marginal quality OSCs. In addition, the potential of surface potential-derived charge densities for sensing applications is discussed

Charge-Carrier Dynamics in 2D Hybrid Metal–Halide Perovskites

Hybrid metal–halide perovskites are promising new materials for use in solar cells; however, their chemical stability in the presence of moisture remains a significant drawback. Quasi two-dimensional (2D) perovskites that incorporate hydrophobic organic interlayers offer improved resistance to degradation by moisture, currently still at the cost of overall cell efficiency. To elucidate the factors affecting the optoelectronic properties of these materials, we have investigated the charge transport properties and crystallographic orientation of mixed methylammonium (MA)–phenylethylammonium (PEA) lead iodide thin films as a function of the MA-to-PEA ratio and, thus, the thickness of the “encapsulated” MA lead–halide layers. We find that monomolecular charge-carrier recombination rates first decrease with increasing PEA fraction, most likely as a result of trap passivation, but then increase significantly as excitonic effects begin to dominate for thin confined layers. Bimolecular and Auger recombination rate constants are found to be sensitive to changes in electronic confinement, which alters the density of states for electronic transitions. We demonstrate that effective charge-carrier mobilities remain remarkably high (near 10 cm2V−1s−1) for intermediate PEA content and are enhanced for preferential orientation of the conducting lead iodide layers along the probing electric field. The trade-off between trap reduction, electronic confinement, and layer orientation leads to calculated charge-carrier diffusion lengths reaching a maximum of 2.5 μm for intermediate PEA content (50%)

Efficiency enhancement of small molecule organic solar cells using hexapropyltruxene as an interface layer

The quenching of excitons in organic solar cells can play a significant role in limiting their power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this article, we investigate the effect of a thin layer of hexapropyltruxene inserted at the interface between the electron donor boron subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc) and its underlying hole contact in planar heterojunction solar cells. We find that a 3.8 nm hexapropyltruxene interlayer between the molybdenum oxide (MoOx) hole contact and SubPc is sufficient to improve PCE in SubPc/C60 fullerene solar cells from 2.6% to 3.0%, a ∼20% performance improvement. While the absorption stays roughly the same, the comparison of external and internal quantum efficiencies reveals a significant increase in SubPc's contribution to the current for light with wavelengths between 520 and 600 nm. Microstructure and surface morphology assessed with in situ Grazing-Incidence Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering (GIWAXS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), are evaluated alongside in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, and photoluminescence measurements. The microstructural investigations demonstrate changes to the surface and bulk of SubPc grown atop a hexapropyltruxene interlayer indicating that the latter acts as a template layer in a similar way as MoOx. However, the improvement in PCE is found to be mainly via reduced exciton quenching at the MoOx contact with the insertion of the hexapropyltruxene layer

Meta-analysis of age and job performance relation: Is job complexity a moderator?

I conducted a meta-analysis of 121 samples (N = 18,694) that examined the relation between age and job performance with job complexity as a moderator. Job complexity was operationalized as the ratings on job tasks tapping fluid task abilities, or GFTA, and crystallized task abilities, or GCTA. I found that the correlation between age and job performance decreased as jobs were rated higher on GFTA; however, there was no evidence that the correlation between age and job performance increased as jobs were rated higher on GCTA. The correlation between age and job performance increased as jobs were rated lower on both GFTA and GCTA and increased as jobs were rated lower on GFTA and higher on GCTA. The correlation between age and job performance decreased as jobs were rated higher on both GFTA and GCTA