Effect of Chicken Intestine Substitution to Chemical Quality of Nugget

This research was aimed to study the chemical quality of the chicken nuggets substituted chicken intestine. The treatment was substitution of chicken meat with chicken intestine consisting of five levels was A0 (0% chicken intestine + 100% chicken meat), A1 (15% chicken intestine + 85% chicken meat), A2 (25% chicken intestine + 75% chicken meat ), A3 (40% chicken intestine + 60% chicken meat), A4 (50% chicken intestine + 50% chicken meat), A5 (65% chicken intestine + 35% chicken meat), A6 (75% chicken intestine + 25% chicken meat), A7 (90% chicken intestine + 10% chicken meat), and A8 (100% chicken intestine + 0% chicken meat). Each treatment was repeated five times. The results showed that the water content and ash substituted chicken nuggets chicken intestines were not significantly different (p> 0.05). water content of chicken nuggets in this study was A0 (99.8%), A1 (99.8%), A2 (99.8%), A3 (99.8%), A4 (99.8%), A5 (99.9%), A6 (99.9%), A7 (99.7%), and A8 (99.8%). Ash content on A0 (2.61%), A1 (1.61%), A2 (2.90%), A3 (1.80%), A4 (2.23%), A5 (2.84% ), A6 (2.62%), A7 (2.39%), and A8 (2.26%). Intestine substitution into the chicken nuggets significant (p <0, 05) against the protein and fat content of chicken nuggets, where the highest protein content in treatment A8 (100% chicken intestine) was 24.9% and the lowest in treatment A0 (100% chicken meat) that is 11.33%. The greater increase in the nugget chicken intestinal waste, the higher the protein content. Meanwhile nugget fat content tends to decrease as the percentage of the addition of chicken intestinal waste. Fat content nuggets with chicken intestinal waste substitution of 15% (A1) amounted to 21.85% , 25% (A2) of 20.56% , 40% (A3) of 19.09%, 50% (A4) of 18.14, 65% (A5) of 17.03%, 75% (A6) of 15.69%, 90% (A7) of 14.11%, and 100% (A8) 11.00% house-cleaning da significantly (p <0.05) with control of 0% (A0) 23.93%. The more the addition of substitution intestinal produce low-fat nugget. Can be concluded that substitution of chicken intestine increase the protein and lower fat content of chicken nuggets. Nugget product with composition 50% chicken intestine and 50% chicken meat (A4) has water content 99,8%, 17,58%, protein, 18,14% abu2.23% fat and preferred by the panelists

10.34: Creep properties of grade S275JR steel at high temperature

The paper describes an ongoing research project which aims to determine the creep properties of European steel Grade 275JR. The purpose of the research is to develop a reliable temperature‐, stress‐ and time‐dependent creep model for this alloy, since there is very little information available in the scientific community regarding its creep properties. The research within the project is focused on a series of stationary creep tests, which will be used to obtain time‐dependent creep strains in the temperature range 400–600°C. The stress range for which the creep evolution is studied in this project is between 25% and 90% of the value of the stress at 0.2% strain at any particular temperature level. Comparisons between the creep output for the alloy analysed and existing creep data are presented in the paper

Canine babesiosis treatment with three different medicines

Canine babesiosis is a relatively frequent disease in Croatia. Elevated body temperature, anemia and haemoglobinuria are the most common signs. Diagnosis is rapidly obtained by employing blood smears, as B. canis is present in the red blood cells of affected dogs. Treatment is favourable and without consequences. Blood work was performed initialy, prior to treatment, and on the 1st and the 7th day following treatment. Following history and examination of the dogs blood and urine samples were taken. After confirmation of B. canis in the red blood cells, alltogether 226 dogs were tretated. Out of them 80 were tretaed with Berenil® (diminazen aceturate, Hoechst), 72 were tretated with Imizol® (imidocarb dipropionate, Schering-Plough-Animal-Health) and 74 with Oxopirvedin® (fenamidine dizetionate, Merial). Clinical findings, haematological analysis and urine analysis are given and statistically assesed. After tretment with Berenil®, symptoms of babesiosis regressed within 24 hours. Health improved more slowly in the group treated with Oxopirvedin® in comparioson with the group treated with Berenil®. Contrary to the above, Imizol® displayed the slowest regression of the disease and reinfestation with B. canis within 30 days was not noted. That is not the case if treatment was provided by Berenil® and Oxopirvedin®. In all 226 cases of canine babesiosis side effects were not noted, except topically inflammed tissue at the site of subcutaneous application

Histomorphometric evaluation of intestinal cellular immune responses in pigs immunized with live oral F4ac+ non-enterotoxigenic E. coli vaccine against postweaning colibacillosis

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is the most common type of porcine postweaning colibacillosis (PWC). Among fimbriae of porcine ETEC strains the best studied family of fimbriae are the members of F4 adhesins, existing in at least three variants: ab, ac, ad. Active immunization against porcine PWC is difficult due to: i) ETEC strains are only one of the essential predisposing factors, ii) the success of vaccinal antigen uptake depends on the presence of enterocyte receptors for F4 adhesins, iii) the intestinal immune system may react with tolerance or hypersensitivity to the same antigens depending on the dose and form of the vaccinal immunogen, and iv) kinetics of the specific immune responses may be different in the case of F4 (earlier) and the other ETEC adhesins, particularly F18 (later). The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of a live attenuated F4ac+ non-ETEC vaccine against porcine PWC by analyzing quantitative differences in the small intestinal lymphoid and myeloid cell subsets of immunized (with or without levamisole given as an adjuvant) vs control non-immunized pigs. Four week-old pigs were intragastrically immunized with a vaccine candidate F4ac+ non-ETEC strain 2407 at day 0, challenged 7 days later with a virulent F4ac+ strain ETEC 11-800/1/94, euthanatized at day 13 and sampled for immunohistology. Non-immunized pigs received saline at day 0 and were processed as the principals. Immuno-phenotypes of lymphoid and myeloid cell subsets were demonstrated within jejunal and ileal mucosa by immunohistochemical avidin-biotin complex method and corresponding morphometric data were analyzed using software program Lucia G for digital image analyses. Monoclonal antibodies reactive with surface molecules on porcine immune cells such as CD3, CD45RA, CD45RC, CD21 and SWC3 enabled clear insight into distribution patterns and amount of these cells within the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) examined. The numbers of jejunal and ileal cell subsets tested were significantly increased (at P&lt;0.5 or lower) in both principal groups (vaccinated or levamisole primed-vaccinated) of pigs, compared to those recorded in the control non-vaccinated pigs. Based on the histomorphometric quantification of porcine intestinal immune cells from the GALT compartments tested, it is possible to differentiate the responses of pigs immunized by an experimental mucosal vaccine from those of non-immunized pigs