ロコモ マット トレーニング ガ コウレイシャ ノ タイリョク オヨビ ニンチ キノウ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ ニカンスル ケンキュウ

Preventing falls, declined locomotor and cognitive functionsare critical factors for maintaining independent life in older adults. Exercise intervention is known to bring a beneficial effect in their life. Here, we examined whether a home-based exercise using Locomo-mat affects physical and cognitive functions in elderlyor not. We measured physical performance tests （balance, time up and go test and walking speed） and cognitive test （working memory and dual task performances） in twenty-four older people. Twelve-subjects inthe exercise group performedfifteen minutes of Locomo-mat training about three times per week, whereasother subject in the control group did not perform any particular trainings. After two months of training, the exercise group significantly improved in balance, walking speed and dual task performances than in the control group. The results demonstratethat the home-based Locomo-mat exercise may be useful training for preventing age-related physical and cognitive decline in the elderly

Association of Genetic Risks with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Early Neurodevelopmental Delays among Children without Intellectual Disability

IMPORTANCE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heritable, and modest contributions of common genetic variants to ASD have been reported. However, the association of genetic risks derived from common risk variants with ASD traits in children from the general population is not clear, and the association of these genetic risks with neurodevelopment in infants has not been well understood. OBJECTIVE To test whether a polygenic risk score (PRS) for ASD is associated with neurodevelopmental progress at age 18 months and ASD traits at age 6 years among children from the general population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cohort study, 876 children in the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children in Hamamatsu, Japan, underwent testing for the association of an ASD PRS with neurodevelopmental progress and ASD traits. Data collection began in December 2007 and is ongoing. Data analysis was conducted from April to December 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Summary data from the largest genome-wide association study were used to generate ASD PRSs, and significance of thresholds was calculated for each outcome. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule 2 was used to measure ASD traits at age 6 years, and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning was used to measure neurodevelopmental progress at age 18 months. RESULTS Of 876 participants (mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 38.9 [1.6] weeks; 438 [50.0%] boys; 868 [99.1%] Japanese), 734 were analyzed. The ASD PRS was associated with ASD traits (R2 = 0.024; β, 0.71; SE, 0.24; P = .03). The association of ASD PRS with infant neurodevelopment was most pronounced in gross motor (R2 = 0.015; β, −1.25; SE, 0.39; P = .01) and receptive language (R2 = 0.014; β, −1.19; SE, 0.39; P = .02) scores on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Gene set enrichment analyses found that several pathways, such as cell maturation (R2 = 0.057; β, −5.28; SE, 1.40; P \u3c .001) and adenylyl cyclase activity and cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentration (R2 = 0.064; β, −5.30; SE 1.30; P \u3c .001), were associated with ASD traits. Gene sets associated with inflammation were commonly enriched with ASD traits and gross motor skills (eg, chemokine motif ligand 2 production: R2 = 0.051; β, −6.04; SE, 1.75; P = .001; regulation of monocyte differentiation: R2 = 0.052; β, −6.63; SE, 1.90; P = .001; and B-cell differentiation: R2 = 0.051; β, 7.37; SE, 2.15; P = .001); glutamatergic signaling–associated gene sets were commonly enriched with ASD traits and receptive language skills (eg, regulation of glutamate secretion: R2 = 0.052; β, −5.82; SE, 1.68; P = .001; ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway: R2 = 0.047; β, 3.54; SE, 1.09; P = .001; and negative regulation of glutamate secretion: R2 = 0.045; β, −5.38; SE, 1.74; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, the ASD PRS was associated with ASD traits among children from the general population. Genetic risks for ASD might be associated with delays in some neurodevelopmental domains, such as gross motor and receptive language skills

Broader autism phenotype as a risk factor for postpartum depression: Hamamatsu Birth Cohort (HBC) Study

AbstractThe broader autism phenotype (BAP), which refers to the expression of behavioral and cognitive propensities that are milder but qualitatively similar to those defining autism spectrum disorder, can play a crucial role in postpartum depression (PPD). We investigated whether pregnant women's BAP would increase the risk for PPD, using a representative birth cohort in Japan. Pregnant women were enrolled in the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort (HBC) Study during their mid-gestation (N=841) and were followed up until 3 months after delivery. BAP was measured mainly during the 2nd trimester of the pregnancy by using the Broader Phenotype Autism Symptoms Scale. Participants scoring 9 points or higher on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at least once during the first 3 months after childbirth were diagnosed with PPD. Among participants, 128 (15.2%) women were found to have PPD. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that BAP were associated with PPD (OR=1.19, 95% CI [1.07–1.31]), even after controlling for other potential confounders. In addition, the association was not moderated by history of depression and/or anxiety disorders, including concurrent depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy. The findings suggest that pregnant women with BAP have an elevated risk for PPD

カンゴショク ノ ダイガクイン シンガク ニ カンスル カンゴカンリシャ ノ ニンシキ : -シガケンナイ ノ カンゴカンリシャ ヲ タイショウ トシテ -

背景 近年, 看護系大学院の増加に伴い社会人大学院生が増加している. しかし, 職場の理解が得られず, キャリアを中断して学業に専念する学生や進学そのものを断念する者も多い. 目的 本学が大学院を開設する場合には, 他大学と同様に社会人が入学生の多くを占めると推測されるため, 看護職の大学院進学に関する看護管理者の認識について調査を行なった. 方法 滋賀県内の病院及び実習関連施設等の管理者144名を対象に質問紙調査を実施した. 結果 70名からの回答 (回収率48.61%) が得られた. 大学院修了看護職に期待する管理者は51.42%, 所属施設に大学院卒看護職が必要とする管理者は38.57%であったが, 両者ともわからないと回答した管理者は42.85%であった. また, 進学制度がある施設は25.71%であった. 結論 本調査対象である看護管理者が大学院修了看護職に期待する内容, 必要とする理由は, 研究や教育, 管理的役割, 看護実践の質的向上など先行研究と同様の結果であったが, 大学院修了看護職にどのように活動してもらうかイメージをもてていない管理者も多いことが明らかになった.Background Recently, the number of the graduate students of nursing who also work for full time jobs has been increasing as many new graduate schools of nursing have been established. However, many of them have been had to give up pursuing either their career or education, due to the lack of the understanding from their work places.Object When establishing a graduate school of nursing in our university, it is expected that many of the students will be working full time as it is seen in many other schools. Thus, we conducted a survey to the administrators of nursing institutions asking about their opinions for their workers to go on to graduate school education.Method Surveyed on 144 administrators of nursing institutions in Shiga prefecture, including the hospitals and institutions where our students train in, through questionnaires.Result 70 cases were collected (response rate: 48.61%). 51.42% have positive opinions forward the workers who have finished the master\u27s course of the field, 38.57% said they need them at their work places, and 42.85% said they do not know. However, only 25.71% of the institutions provided the system of supporting the workers for their further education and their main concern seems to be how the organizations and the workers can make mutual understanding for their career.Conclusion The survey showed that some of the administrators have positive opinions toward the workers who have finished the master\u27s degree course of nursing and that they feel the need for them at their work places as it was shown in previous studies. However, it has also been found that many of them do not have a clear picture of how those workers can be actively participated at their work places

Polygenic Risk Score Analysis Revealed Shared Genetic Background in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Narcolepsy

Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder, and excessive daytime sleepiness is frequently observed in ADHD patients. Excessive daytime sleepiness is also a core symptom of narcolepsy and essential hypersomnia (EHS), which are also heritable conditions. Psychostimulants are effective for the symptomatic control of ADHD (primary recommended intervention) and the two sleep disorders (frequent off-label use). However, the common biological mechanism for these disorders has not been well understood. Using a previously collected genome-wide association study of narcolepsy and EHS, we calculated polygenic risk scores (PRS) for each individual. We investigated a possible genetic association between ADHD and narcolepsy traits in the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for mothers and children (HBC study) (n=876). Gene-set enrichment analyses were used to identify common pathways underlying these disorders. Narcolepsy PRS were significantly associated with ADHD traits both in the hyperactivity domain (e.g.,P-value threshold \u3c 0.05,β[SE], 5.815 [1.774];P=0.002) and inattention domain(e.g.,P-value threshold \u3c 0.05,β[SE], 5.734 [1.761];P=0.004). However, EHS PRS was not significantly associated with either domain of ADHD traits. Gene-set enrichment analyses revealed that pathways related to dopaminergic signaling, immune systems, iron metabolism, and glial cell function involved in both ADHD and narcolepsy. Findings indicate that ADHD and narcolepsy are genetically related, and there are possible common underlying biological mechanisms for this relationship. Future studies replicating these findings would be warranted to elucidate the genetic vulnerability for daytime sleepiness in individuals with ADHD

ARTADE2DB: Improved Statistical Inferences for Arabidopsis Gene Functions and Structure Predictions by Dynamic Structure-Based Dynamic Expression (DSDE) Analyses

Recent advances in technologies for observing high-resolution genomic activities, such as whole-genome tiling arrays and high-throughput sequencers, provide detailed information for understanding genome functions. However, the functions of 50% of known Arabidopsis thaliana genes remain unknown or are annotated only on the basis of static analyses such as protein motifs or similarities. In this paper, we describe dynamic structure-based dynamic expression (DSDE) analysis, which sequentially predicts both structural and functional features of transcripts. We show that DSDE analysis inferred gene functions 12% more precisely than static structure-based dynamic expression (SSDE) analysis or conventional co-expression analysis based on previously determined gene structures of A. thaliana. This result suggests that more precise structural information than the fixed conventional annotated structures is crucial for co-expression analysis in systems biology of transcriptional regulation and dynamics. Our DSDE method, ARabidopsis Tiling-Array-based Detection of Exons version 2 and over-representation analysis (ARTADE2-ORA), precisely predicts each gene structure by combining two statistical analyses: a probe-wise co-expression analysis of multiple transcriptome measurements and a Markov model analysis of genome sequences. ARTADE2-ORA successfully identified the true functions of about 90% of functionally annotated genes, inferred the functions of 98% of functionally unknown genes and predicted 1,489 new gene structures and functions. We developed a database ARTADE2DB that integrates not only the information predicted by ARTADE2-ORA but also annotations and other functional information, such as phenotypes and literature citations, and is expected to contribute to the study of the functional genomics of A. thaliana. URL: http://artade.org