OPTIMIZED AND VALIDATED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF AMPICILLIN IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

Objective: A simple, precise, and accurate spectrophotometric method has been developed to determine Ampicillin in pharmaceutical formulations. Methods: The proposed method, based on the carboxylic acid group reaction, present in Ampicillin with a mixture of KIO3 and KI, form a yellow-colored product in an aqueous medium. The response was allowed to proceed at 25±1 °C, and absorbance measured after 5 min against a reagent blank prepared simultaneously using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The parameters verified were specificity, linearity, linearity range, accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitation limit, robustness, and ruggedness. Results: The yellow-colored product was measured at 352 nm against the reagent blank using UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The linear dynamic range of concentration was 0.25–2.5 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The LOD, LOQ values to be 0.086 and 0.261 µg/ml, respectively, for the proposed method. The percentage of recoveries was 98.27–100.89% with an acceptable relative standard deviation (±2%). The robustness and ruggedness values were excellent. Conclusion: The ICH guidelines for pharmaceuticals and human use were followed and applied to validate the proposed method. The method was compared with available literature and found similar results that confirmed the reliability and effective way for Ampicillin's determination

Review on Extraction and Application of Natural Dyes

With the improvement of living standards, everybody is very much conscious about the environmental protection and health safety. Natural dyes have attracted more attention to the industry due to exhibiting better biodegradability and more compatibility with the environment. Characteristic colours that are gathered from common assets can be categorized as either plant, creature, mineral, or microbial colours and can be used for colouring a wide range of regular filaments. Late examination shows that it can likewise be utilized to colour a portion of the manufactured filaments too. Normal colours are not just utilized in the shading of material filaments, they are also utilized for food, prescriptions, handiwork articles, and leather preparing. Extraction and purification play a vital role in the processing of natural dyes. There are different types of extraction process currently available for these natural dyes, such as solvent extraction, aqueous extraction, enzymatic extraction and fermentation, extraction with microwave or ultrasonic energy, supercritical fluid extraction, and alkaline or acid extraction. All these extraction processes have their own advantages as well as some drawbacks depending on the parameters that need to be maintained during the extraction process. Appropriate extraction can be beneficial for specific types of such dyes. In this paper, the classification, characteristics, extraction methods, and the application of natural dyes are introduced in an organized manner

Review on Extraction and Application of Natural Dyes

With the improvement of living standards, everybody is very much conscious about the environmental protection and health safety. Natural dyes have attracted more attention to the industry due to exhibiting better biodegradability and more compatibility with the environment. Characteristic colours that are gathered from common assets can be categorized as either plant, creature, mineral, or microbial colours and can be used for colouring a wide range of regular filaments. Late examination shows that it can likewise be utilized to colour a portion of the manufactured filaments too. Normal colours are not just utilized in the shading of material filaments, they are also utilized for food, prescriptions, handiwork articles, and leather preparing. Extraction and purification play a vital role in the processing of natural dyes. There are different types of extraction process currently available for these natural dyes, such as solvent extraction, aqueous extraction, enzymatic extraction and fermentation, extraction with microwave or ultrasonic energy, supercritical fluid extraction, and alkaline or acid extraction. All these extraction processes have their own advantages as well as some drawbacks depending on the parameters that need to be maintained during the extraction process. Appropriate extraction can be beneficial for specific types of such dyes. In this paper, the classification, characteristics, extraction methods, and the application of natural dyes are introduced in an organized manner

Phenotypic and genotypic screening of rice genotypes at seedling stage for salt tolerance

Selection for salinity tolerance genotypes of rice based on phenotypic performance alone is less reliable and will delay progress in breeding. Recent advent of molecular markers, microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are used to find out salt tolerant rice genotypes. Three selected SSR markers; RM7075, RM336 and RM253 were used to evaluate rice genotypes for salt tolerance. Phenotypic and genotypic evaluation for salinity tolerance was done at the seedling stage. Phenotypingof 11 genotypes was done in hydroponic system using salinized (EC 12 dS/m) nutrient solution. IRRI standard protocol was followed to evaluate salinity tolerance. Large variation in salinity tolerance among the rice germplasms was detected. Plant height and total dry matter of tolerant lines were reduced by 19.0 and 40.6%, respectively under salt stress (EC 12 dS/m), whereas those of susceptible lines were reduced by 46.0 and 73.5%, respectively. The markers showed polymorphism and were ableto discriminate salt tolerant genotypes from susceptible. The genotypes having similar banding pattern with Pokkali were considered as salt tolerant. The SSR markers (RM7075, RM336 and RM253) identified8, 9 and 7 salt tolerant genotypes, respectively. Through phenotypic and genotypic study, three genotypes viz., Pokkali, TNDB-100 and THDB were identified as salt tolerant rice cultivar. These SSR markers might have sequence homology with salt tolerant rice genotypes and consequently themarkers could able to identify salt tolerant rice genotypes from susceptibles

Electrical Properties of Different Polymeric Materials and their Applications: The Influence of Electric Field

In this chapter, a comprehensive study on the general structure of polymers, their properties and applications has been carried out. In particular, the application of polymers for insulating high‐voltage (HV) equipment has been reported, together with the effect of electric field when they are subjected to HV stress. Experimental results related to the effect of partial discharge (PD) on polymeric insulations have been reported and discussed. Practical implications of the results have been discussed, and recommendations are made for future improvement. It is important to obtain new information regarding novel polymeric materials such as nano‐polymers that can possibly outperform the currently used ones. It is also vital to investigate the right information for electrical equipment, i.e. by using the appropriate polymer as solid insulation, minimizing the presence of any metallic sharp object and any other conducting path during manufacture in order to avoid any type of internal or external PD

V483A: an emerging mutation hotspot of SARS-CoV-2

One of the many mutations that have occurred in the viral genome is the V483A mutation, which is a part of the receptor-binding motif present in the S1 domain of the spike protein. V483A mutant virus is popular in North America with 36 cases so far and frequently occurring in recent days. This review compares the wild-type and the V483A mutants to analyze certain factors like the interaction between the virus and host-cell interface, binding affinity, stability, partition energy, hydrophobicity, occurrence rate and transmissibility. This information can be of monumental importance in vaccine and drug development since the mutants can become resistant to the vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. © 2021 All rights reserved

A study of methodologies and critical parameters associated With co2 storage estimation in deep saline aquifers

Deep saline aquifers have greater potential for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage (around 12,000 Gt global capacity) than alternative storage media and could be adopted anywhere in the world. It is important to understand methodologies for the estimation of CO2 storage capacities in relation to different trapping mechanisms and the extent to which critical parameters such as aquifer thickness, porosity, salinity and permeability are taken into account. Storage security will improve over time, especially as a result of mineral trapping. This paper reviews methods of estimating CO2 storage potential from earlier studies and numerically estimates the storage potential in saline aquifers considering critical parameters such as saline aquifer and porosity

Sustainable environment through using porous materials:a review on wastewater treatment

Porous materials play an important role in creating a sustainable environment by improving wastewater treatment's efficacy. Porous materials, including adsorbents or ion exchangers, catalysts, metal–organic frameworks, composites, carbon materials, and membranes, have widespread applications in treating wastewater and air pollution. This review examines recent developments in porous materials, focusing on their effectiveness for different wastewater pollutants. Specifically, they can treat a wide range of water contaminants, and many remove over 95% of targeted contaminants. Recent advancements include a wider range of adsorption options, heterogeneous catalysis, a new UV/H2O2 procedure, ion exchange, Fenton oxidation, membrane activities, ozonation, membrane bioreactor, electrochemical treatment, wet air oxidation, and a carbon capture methodology utilizing various porous materials. A particular focus for innovative research is on developing technologies to synthesize porous materials and assess their performance in removing various pollutants from wastewater at varying experimental conditions. Porous materials can be essential in designing wastewater treatment systems to address the critical environmental issues of water stress and safe drinking water worldwide.</p