IMPROVEMENT OF SURFACE QUALITY OF Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY BY POWDER MIXED ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING USING COPPER POWDER

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the most popular non-conventional machining processes that are being used in many high precision manufacturing industries. To increase the EDM performance, a hybrid technique, namely, powder mixed electrical discharge machining (EDM) (PMEDM) is generally used for getting more precise requirements. In this study, an experimental investigation is carried out in order to explore the machining performance of the PMEDM process on Ti-6Al-4V alloy using copper (Cu) powder in the EDM oil dielectric. Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array design has been utilized for design of experiments and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been performed with the help of Minitab-19 software. The optimal parametric setting of Cu powder mixed EDM has been found utilizing the Taguchi - Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) integrated approach and also validation of optimal parametric setting is done through experimentation. It is a novel approach for machining Ti-6Al-4V alloy by this PMEDM technique in which the surface quality has been improved significantly with the addition of suitable amount of Cu powder into the dielectric medium

Computer Vision Based Traffic Monitoring and Analyzing From On-Road Videos

Traffic monitoring and traffic analysis is much needed to ensure a modern and convenient traffic system. However, it is a very challenging task as the traffic condition is dynamic which makes it quite impossible to maintain the traffic through traditional way. Designing a smart traffic system is also inevitable for the big and busy cities. In this paper, we propose a vision based traffic monitoring system that will help to maintain the traffic system smartly. We also generate an analysis of the traffic for a certain period, which will be helpful to design a smart and feasible traffic system for a busy city. In the proposed method, we use Haar feature based Adaboost classifier to detect vehicles from a video. We also count the number of vehicles appeared in the video utilizing two virtual detection lines (VDL). Detecting and counting vehicles by proposed method will provide an easy and cost effective solution for fruitful and operative traffic monitoring system along with information to design an efficient traffic model

Quarkyonic Model for Neutron Star Matter: A Relativistic Mean-Field Approach

The concept of quarkyonic matter presents a promising alternative to the conventional models used to describe high-density matter and provides a more nuanced and detailed understanding of the properties of matter under extreme conditions that exist in astrophysical bodies. The aim of this study is to showcase the effectiveness of utilizing the quarkyonic model, in combination with the relativistic mean-field formalism, to parameterize the equation of state at high densities. Through this approach, we intend to investigate and gain insights into various fundamental properties of a static neutron star, such as its compositional ingredients, speed of sound, mass-radius profile, and tidal deformability. The obtained results revealed that the quarkyonic matter equation of state (EOS) is capable of producing a heavy neutron star with the mass range of $\sim$ $2.8 M_\odot$. The results of our inquiry have demonstrated that the EOS for quarkyonic matter not only yields a neutron star with a significantly high mass but also showcases a remarkable degree of coherence with the conformal limit of the speed of sound originating from deconfined QCD matter. Furthermore, we have observed that the tidal deformability of the neutron star, corresponding to the EOSs of quarkyonic matter, is in excellent agreement with the observational constraints derived from the GW170817 and GW190425 events. This finding implies that the quarkyonic model is capable of forecasting the behavior of neutron stars associated with binary merger systems. This aspect has been meticulously scrutinized in terms of merger time, gravitational wave signatures, and collapse times using numerical relativity simulations

Review on Extraction and Application of Natural Dyes

With the improvement of living standards, everybody is very much conscious about the environmental protection and health safety. Natural dyes have attracted more attention to the industry due to exhibiting better biodegradability and more compatibility with the environment. Characteristic colours that are gathered from common assets can be categorized as either plant, creature, mineral, or microbial colours and can be used for colouring a wide range of regular filaments. Late examination shows that it can likewise be utilized to colour a portion of the manufactured filaments too. Normal colours are not just utilized in the shading of material filaments, they are also utilized for food, prescriptions, handiwork articles, and leather preparing. Extraction and purification play a vital role in the processing of natural dyes. There are different types of extraction process currently available for these natural dyes, such as solvent extraction, aqueous extraction, enzymatic extraction and fermentation, extraction with microwave or ultrasonic energy, supercritical fluid extraction, and alkaline or acid extraction. All these extraction processes have their own advantages as well as some drawbacks depending on the parameters that need to be maintained during the extraction process. Appropriate extraction can be beneficial for specific types of such dyes. In this paper, the classification, characteristics, extraction methods, and the application of natural dyes are introduced in an organized manner

Review on Extraction and Application of Natural Dyes

With the improvement of living standards, everybody is very much conscious about the environmental protection and health safety. Natural dyes have attracted more attention to the industry due to exhibiting better biodegradability and more compatibility with the environment. Characteristic colours that are gathered from common assets can be categorized as either plant, creature, mineral, or microbial colours and can be used for colouring a wide range of regular filaments. Late examination shows that it can likewise be utilized to colour a portion of the manufactured filaments too. Normal colours are not just utilized in the shading of material filaments, they are also utilized for food, prescriptions, handiwork articles, and leather preparing. Extraction and purification play a vital role in the processing of natural dyes. There are different types of extraction process currently available for these natural dyes, such as solvent extraction, aqueous extraction, enzymatic extraction and fermentation, extraction with microwave or ultrasonic energy, supercritical fluid extraction, and alkaline or acid extraction. All these extraction processes have their own advantages as well as some drawbacks depending on the parameters that need to be maintained during the extraction process. Appropriate extraction can be beneficial for specific types of such dyes. In this paper, the classification, characteristics, extraction methods, and the application of natural dyes are introduced in an organized manner

Death certificate completion skills of hospital physicians in a developing country

Background Death certificates (DC) can provide valuable health status data regarding disease incidence, prevalence and mortality in a community. It can guide local health policy and help in setting priorities. Incomplete and inaccurate DC data, on the other hand, can significantly impair the precision of a national health information database. In this study we evaluated the accuracy of death certificates at a tertiary care teaching hospital in a Karachi, Pakistan. Methods A retrospective study conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan for a period of six months. Medical records and death certificates of all patients who died under adult medical service were studied. The demographic characteristics, administrative details, co-morbidities and cause of death from death certificates were collected using an approved standardized form. Accuracy of this information was validated using their medical records. Errors in the death certificates were classified into six categories, from 0 to 5 according to increasing severity; a grade 0 was assigned if no errors were identified, and 5, if an incorrect cause of death was attributed or placed in an improper sequence. Results 223 deaths occurred during the study period. 9 certificates were not accessible and 12 patients had incomplete medical records. 202 certificates were finally analyzed. Most frequent errors pertaining to patients’ demographics (92%) and cause/s of death (87%) were identified. 156 (77%) certificates had 3 or more errors and 124 (62%) certificates had a combination of errors that significantly changed the death certificate interpretation. Only 1% certificates were error free. Conclusion A very high rate of errors was identified in death certificates completed at our academic institution. There is a pressing need for appropriate intervention/s to resolve this important issue

Examining economic and technology-related barriers of small- and medium-sized enterprises internationalisation: An emerging economy context

In today’s global marketplace, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly looking at internationalisation strategies to boost growth, profitability and competitiveness. However, challenges, such as, socio cultural differences, political institutions, limited resources, competitive challenges, market threats, economic and technological barriers all hinder SMEs from entering and competing favourably in the international markets. Considering the important link between lack of resources and internationalisation of SMEs, this study examined economic and technology related barriers of SMEs internationalisation from a neglected yet emerging market context in Bangladesh. To compare the relative importance of these two particular categories of barriers, this study developed and validated a Partial Least Square based Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) with primary data gathered from questionnaires from 212 Bangladeshi SMEs. The findings of the paper suggest that, technology related barriers seem slightly more influential than economic barriers. As the difference is very low, importance should be given to both types of barriers as found. Conceptually, this study extends this area of research by re framing economic and technology related barriers of internationalisation as a hierarchical reflective model within an emerging economy context. Empirically, it confirms that PLS-SEM can be used to compare the relative importance of these two types of barriers. Practically, policy makers can give slightly more priorities on the technology related barriers where it is not possible to give equal importance to both because of limited resource and research neglect on developing economies

Examining Economic and Technology Related Barriers of Internationalisation for SMEs: A Hierarchical Reflective Model on an Emerging Economy Context

In today's global marketplace, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly looking at internationalisation strategies to boost growth, profitability and competitiveness. However, challenges such as socio-cultural differences, political institutions, limited resources, competitive challenges, market threats, economic and technological barriers all hinders SMEs from entering and competing favourably in the international markets. Considering the important link between lack of resources and internationalisation of SMEs, this study examined economic and technology related barriers of SMEs internationalisation from an emerging market context. The key objectives of this research are to identify key economic and technology related barriers of internationalisation and compare relative importance of these two particular categories. To compare the relative importance of these two particular categories of barriers, this study developed a Partial Least Square based Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). The factors or items of the model were identified from extant literature review. For the purpose of validation, this paper has employed primary data gathered from questionnaires from 212 Bangladeshi SMEs. Area wise cluster sampling was used for the purpose of country representation and due to absence of complete data base on the Bangladeshi SMEs. The findings of the paper suggest that, technology related barriers seems to more influential than economic barriers. As the difference is very low, importance should be given to both types of barriers where possible. Conceptually, this study extends this area of research by re framing economic and technology related barriers of internationalisation as a hierarchical reflective model. Empirically, it confirms that PLS-SEM can be used to compare the relative importance of these two types of barriers. Practically, policy makers can give slightly more priorities on the technology related barriers where it is not possible to give equal importance to both because of limited resource in developing economies