Variasi Aksen dan Leksem Dialek Arab: (Kajian Sosiodialektologi pada Dialek Libya Timur dan Barat)

The research aims: (1) to describe the differences in accent and lexeme variations in the eastern and western Libyan dialects; and (2) to describe the social factors of Libyan society that cause dialect variations. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data sources from interviews with native Libyan speakers. Direct interviews carried out the data collection technique. The results of this study are: (1) Libyan dialect variations between the Eastern and Western Libyan dialects are divided into accent and lexeme variations. The researcher found three different accent variations of the two dialects. The differences in accent include phonetic differences with accelerations and changes in pronunciation. Meanwhile, in the lexeme, researchers found 20 variations of the lexeme. These variations include onomasiological symptoms in most of the vocabulary and semasiological symptoms in some of the lexemes; (2) The factors causing the emergence of dialect variations are: The influence of geographic location; The social condition of the Libyan people; The tradition of settling down and being close to the family after marriage; The society that divided was considered a disgrace. Meanwhile, two factors influence the similarity between the Libyan dialect and Fushah Arabic, namely: the Libyan dialect Lexem can be derived from the Fushah language; The Libyan dialect axon is a Fushah language experiencing affixes and accelerations in pronunciation

Islamic Boarding School at University: A Strong Pathway for Integrating Religion and Science

This paper aims to explain the implementation of the establishment of ma'had al-jami'ah UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang as a form of implementing the integration of higher education and Islamic boarding schools. This paper uses a descriptive-analytical approach. The technique used by researchers in collecting data is through library data and field observations. This paper complements the shortcomings of previous studies, the previous studies examine the integration of pesantren (boarding school) and university in 3 models; first, a study on the trend of pesantren establishing a university to increase religious knowledge called ma'had 'aly. Second, the Islamic boarding school, an attempt by pesantren to establish a university in the pesantren environment. The third, the efforts of university (PTKIN) are philosophically and conceptually concerned in the integration of science and religion which are implemented in the integration between university and pesantren. This study explains practically the development of the integration of Islamic higher education and pesantren/ma'had as a model of formal institutions capable of realizing the needs of newer system education. Development of the integration between Islamic Universities and Islamic boarding schools which produces superior scholars, mastering science, and technology (IPTEK) but it should not ignore the aspects of faith and piety (IMTAQ)

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)