Enhancing Higher Order Question of Student Through Problem Based Learning at Grade X MIA 6 of SMA N 4 Surakarta

The research aims to enhance the Higher Order Question of student through problem based learning in Biology at Grade X MIA 6 of SMA N 4 Surakarta. The research was a four-cycle action research conducted in academic year 2014/2015. All questions were analyzed based on revised Bloom Taxonomy. Data were validated using triangulation method. The result of the research showed that problem based learning effectively enhance student\u27s High Order Question (C4-C6). The percentage of each High Order Question (C4-C6) in pre cycle were 0%. The percentage of C4 type question at first cycle (73,14%), second cycle (52,13%), third cycle (56,05%), and fourth cycle (58,42%). The percentage of each High Order Question (C4-C6) in pre cycle were 0%. The percentage of C5 type question at first cycle (18,37%), second cycle (9,57%), third cycle (10,30%), and fourth cycle (58,42%). The percentage of each High Order Question (C4-C6) in pre cycle were 0%. The percentage of C6 type question at first cycle (8,16%), second cycle (38,30%), third cycle (41,18%) and fourth cycle (25,74%)

Behavioural analysis of football coaches within a training session throughout different performance levels in adult category

5 Title: Behavioural analysis of football coaches within a training session throughout different performance levels in adult category. Annotation: The aim of this diploma thesis was to analyse the behaviour of football coaches in the male category and establish the differences in behavioural patterns of coaches between higher and lower leagues. We used coaches throughout eight different leagues and tested them with ASUOI (The Arizona State University Observation Instrument) plus an additional questionnaire. The coaches were compared according to the testing outcome and the behaviours were assessed by comparison to theoretical coaching background which has been elaborated within this paper. Keywords: Football, training session, training, coach, behaviour, ASUOI (The Arizona State University Observation Instrument)

Tuning Effects for Some Cyclic Aromatic Carbenes Bearing Remote Amino Groups

Yamamoto and co-workers synthesized two cyclic aromatic carbenes with remote amino groups. Here we theoretically studied related compounds to explore tuning effects on the singlet–triplet splitting by variations of functional groups. For the Yamamoto compound, the lowest singlet state lies 15.7 kcal/mol below the lowest triplet. The singlet–triplet separation is reduced by ∼7 kcal/mol when the dimethylamino groups are replaced by H. In one set of carbenes, when X = O, we substitute S, Se, Te, SO, SeO, and TeO for X; the resulting Δ<i>E</i>(S–T) predictions are 9.9, 7.3, 3.9, 4.3, 2.3, and −0.1 kcal/mol, respectively. A different set of X fragments yields triplet electronic ground states with Δ<i>E</i>(S–T) values of −8.6 (X = BH), −6.8 (X = AlH), −7.2 (X = GaH), −7.5 (X = InH), and −7.0 kcal/mol (X = TlH). We also predicted Δ<i>E</i>(S–T) with N­(CH₃)₂ replaced by PH₂, AsH₂, SbH₂, BiH₂, BH₂, CH₃, OH, and F. Of all the molecules considered, that with N­(CH₃)₂ replaced with BH₂ and X = BH most favors the triplet state, lying 13.7 kcal/mol below the singlet. Finally, we have relocated the N­(CH₃)₂ and NH₂ groups from the (3, 6) positions to the (4, 5), (2, 7), and (1, 8) terminal ring positions, with very interesting results

Legislative Documents

Also, variously referred to as: House bills; House documents; House legislative documents; legislative documents; General Court documents

Metallocene versus Metallabenzene Isomers of Nickel, Palladium, and Platinum

The relative energies of singlet and triplet metallocene, metallabenzene, and metallacyclopentadiene C₁₀H₁₀M isomers (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) have been examined using density functional theory. For the C₁₀H₁₀Ni system, the experimentally known triplet nickelocene (η⁵-Cp)₂Ni is the lowest energy isomer by ∼17 kcal/mol with respect to singlet nickelocene. For the C₁₀H₁₀Pd system, the triplet and singlet palladocene structures have similar energies within ∼2 kcal/mol. However, the singlet palladocene has a “slipped ring” (η³-Cp)₂Pd structure with two trihapto Cp rings. The C₁₀H₁₀Pt system is different since the platinabenzene CpPtC₅H₅ isomer is the lowest energy structure. This is in accord with the synthesis of stable substituted CpPtC₅H₃R₂ platinabenzenes by Haley and co-workers [Haley, M. M.; et al. Organometallics 2004, 23, 1174]. However, the slipped ring singlet platinocene (η³-Cp)₂Pt to the isomeric platinocene lies only ∼2 kcal/mol above the platinabenzene global minimum, so the energy barrier for conversion of the platinabenzene must be substantial. The following general observations can be made regarding the relative stabilities of isomeric C₁₀H₁₀M (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) structures: (1) Triplet structures become less favorable energetically than isomeric singlet structures in the sequence Ni < Pd < Pt. (2) Slipped metallocene structures with trihapto η³-Cp rather than pentahapto η⁵-Cp rings leading ultimately to 16- rather than 18-electron metal configurations become increasingly favorable energetically in the sequence Ni < Pd < Pt. (3) Metallabenzene (η⁵-Cp)­MC₅H₅ structures with pentahapto Cp rings are always more favorable energetically than isomeric metallacyclopentadiene (η⁶-C₆H₆)­MC₄H₄ structures with hexahapto benzene rings

Image_5_MtCAS31 Aids Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation by Protecting the Leghemoglobin MtLb120-1 Under Drought Stress in Medicago truncatula.TIF

<p>Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legume root nodules injects millions of tons of nitrogen into agricultural lands and provides ammonia to non-legume crops under N-deficient conditions. During plant growth and development, environmental stresses, such as drought, salt, cold, and heat stress are unavoidable. This raises an interesting question as to how the legumes cope with the environmental stress along with SNF. Under drought stress, dehydrin proteins are accumulated, which function as protein protector and osmotic substances. In this study, we found that the dehydrin MtCAS31 (cold-acclimation-specific 31) functions in SNF in Medicago truncatula during drought stress. We found that MtCAS31 is expressed in nodules and interacts with leghemoglobin MtLb120-1. The interaction between the two proteins protects MtLb120-1 from denaturation under thermal stress in vivo. Compared to wild type, cas31 mutants display a lower nitrogenase activity, a lower ATP/ADP ratio, higher expression of nodule senescence genes and higher accumulation of amyloplasts under dehydration conditions. The results suggested that MtCAS31 protects MtLb120-1 from the damage of drought stress. We identified a new function for dehydrins in SNF under drought stress, which enriches the understanding of the molecular mechanism of dehydrins.</p

Dinickelametallocenes: Sandwich Compounds of the First-Row Transition Metals (M = Fe, Co, Ni) with Two Pentahapto Planar Nickelacycle Ligands

Buchalski and co-workers showed in 2008 that reactions of the nickelafluorenyl anion CpNiC₁₂H₈^– with MX₂ (M = Co, Ni) give the dinickelametallocene sandwich compounds (CpNiC₁₂H₈)₂M. We now report theoretical studies on the related bis­(nickelacyclopentadienyl)­metal derivatives (CpNiC₄H₄)₂M and bis­(nickelaindenyl)­metal derivatives (CpNiC₈H₆)₂M as well as the bis­(nickelafluorenyl)metal derivatives. The structures of the lowest energy bis­(nickelacyclopentadienyl) sandwich compounds (CpNiC₄H₄)₂M may be derived from those of the corresponding metallocenes Cp₂M by replacing a CH group in each Cp ring with an isolobal CpNi unit. The Ni–M distances of ∼2.5 Å indicate formal single bonds and thus a pentahapto η⁵-CpNiC₄H₄ ligand. The spin states of the lowest energy (CpNiC₄H₄)₂M derivatives are similar to those of the corresponding metallocenes Cp₂M, namely, singlet, doublet, and triplet for M = Fe, Co, and Ni, respectively. Fusion of benzene rings to the nickelacyclopentadienyl rings to give first the bis­(nickelaindene) sandwich compounds (CpNiC₈H₆)₂M and then the experimentally known bis­(nickelafluorene) sandwich compounds (CpNiC₁₂H₈)₂M lowers the energy of the higher spin state. As a result, the lowest energy (CpNiC₁₂H₈)₂Co structure is not the doublet spin state of Cp₂Co and (CpNiC₄H₄)₂Co but instead a quartet spin state. This is in accord with experimental work showing (CpNiC₁₂H₈)₂Co to have a magnetic moment of ∼3.7 μ_B, indicating three unpaired electrons and thus the predicted quartet spin state

Image_3_MtCAS31 Aids Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation by Protecting the Leghemoglobin MtLb120-1 Under Drought Stress in Medicago truncatula.TIF

<p>Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legume root nodules injects millions of tons of nitrogen into agricultural lands and provides ammonia to non-legume crops under N-deficient conditions. During plant growth and development, environmental stresses, such as drought, salt, cold, and heat stress are unavoidable. This raises an interesting question as to how the legumes cope with the environmental stress along with SNF. Under drought stress, dehydrin proteins are accumulated, which function as protein protector and osmotic substances. In this study, we found that the dehydrin MtCAS31 (cold-acclimation-specific 31) functions in SNF in Medicago truncatula during drought stress. We found that MtCAS31 is expressed in nodules and interacts with leghemoglobin MtLb120-1. The interaction between the two proteins protects MtLb120-1 from denaturation under thermal stress in vivo. Compared to wild type, cas31 mutants display a lower nitrogenase activity, a lower ATP/ADP ratio, higher expression of nodule senescence genes and higher accumulation of amyloplasts under dehydration conditions. The results suggested that MtCAS31 protects MtLb120-1 from the damage of drought stress. We identified a new function for dehydrins in SNF under drought stress, which enriches the understanding of the molecular mechanism of dehydrins.</p

Data_Sheet_2_MtCAS31 Aids Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation by Protecting the Leghemoglobin MtLb120-1 Under Drought Stress in Medicago truncatula.XLSX

<p>Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legume root nodules injects millions of tons of nitrogen into agricultural lands and provides ammonia to non-legume crops under N-deficient conditions. During plant growth and development, environmental stresses, such as drought, salt, cold, and heat stress are unavoidable. This raises an interesting question as to how the legumes cope with the environmental stress along with SNF. Under drought stress, dehydrin proteins are accumulated, which function as protein protector and osmotic substances. In this study, we found that the dehydrin MtCAS31 (cold-acclimation-specific 31) functions in SNF in Medicago truncatula during drought stress. We found that MtCAS31 is expressed in nodules and interacts with leghemoglobin MtLb120-1. The interaction between the two proteins protects MtLb120-1 from denaturation under thermal stress in vivo. Compared to wild type, cas31 mutants display a lower nitrogenase activity, a lower ATP/ADP ratio, higher expression of nodule senescence genes and higher accumulation of amyloplasts under dehydration conditions. The results suggested that MtCAS31 protects MtLb120-1 from the damage of drought stress. We identified a new function for dehydrins in SNF under drought stress, which enriches the understanding of the molecular mechanism of dehydrins.</p

Atomic Layer Deposited (ALD) TiO₂ on Fibrous Nano-Silica (KCC-1) for Photocatalysis: Nanoparticle Formation and Size Quantization Effect

In this work we report the design and synthesis of high-surface-area photocatalysts by coating TiO₂ on fibrous nanosilica (KCC-1) using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Our developed catalyst showed enhanced photocatalytic activity, better than that of the well-known MCM-41- and SBA-15-supported TiO₂ catalysts using ALD as well as that of other silica-supported TiO₂ catalysts reported in the literature to date. This work shows how one can tune the photocatalytic activity of supported TiO₂ catalysts by simply tuning the morphology of the support. In addition to extensive characterization of materials using various techniques, comprehensive mechanistic insight into ALD TiO₂ coating on KCC-1 fibers was gained using solid-state NMR and UV-DRS. For the first time, we also observed the formation of small and monodispersed TiO₂ nanoparticles after heat treatment of these ALD-coated samples of KCC-1. Notably, we observed size quantization effects in these TiO₂ nanoparticles, which was confirmed by band gap shift measurements and the Brus effective mass approximation method. We believe that the combination of the unique textural properties and morphology of KCC-1 and TiO₂ nanoparticle formation and their size quantization is the reason behind the enhanced photocatalytic activity of KCC-1/TiO₂ catalysts