617 research outputs found
Crossover Behavior in Burst Avalanches of Fiber Bundles: Signature of Imminent Failure
Bundles of many fibers, with statistically distributed thresholds for
breakdown of individual fibers and where the load carried by a bursting fiber
is equally distributed among the surviving members, are considered. During the
breakdown process, avalanches consisting of simultaneous rupture of several
fibers occur, with a distribution D(Delta) of the magnitude Delta of such
avalanches. We show that there is, for certain threshold distributions, a
crossover behavior of D(Delta) between two power laws D(Delta) proportional to
Delta^(-xi), with xi=3/2 or xi=5/2. The latter is known to be the generic
behavior, and we give the condition for which the D(Delta) proportional to
Delta^(-3/2) behavior is seen. This crossover is a signal of imminent
catastrophic failure in the fiber bundle. We find the same crossover behavior
in the fuse model.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Regularization Algorithms Based on Total Least Squares
Discretizations of inverse problems lead to systems of linear equations
with a highly ill-conditioned coefficient matrix, and in order to
compute stable solutions to these systems it is necessary to apply
regularization methods.
Classical regularization methods, such as Tikhonov's method or
truncated {\em SVD}, are not designed for problems in which both the
coefficient matrix and the right-hand side are known only approximately.
For this reason, we develop {\em TLS}\/-based
regularization methods that take this situation into account.
Here, we survey two different approaches to incorporation of
regularization, or stabilization, into the {\em TLS} setting.
The two methods are similar in spirit to Tikhonov regularization
and truncated {\em SVD}, respectively.
We analyze the regularizing properties of the methods and
demonstrate by numerical examples that in certain cases with
large perturbations, these
new methods are able to yield more accurate regularized solutions than
those produced by the standard methods.
(Also cross-referenced as UMIACS-TR-96-65
Extension and approximation of -subharmonic functions
Let be a bounded domain, and let be a
real-valued function defined on the whole topological boundary . The aim of this paper is to find a characterization of the functions
which can be extended to the inside to a -subharmonic function under
suitable assumptions on . We shall do so by using a function algebraic
approach with focus on -subharmonic functions defined on compact sets. We
end this note with some remarks on approximation of -subharmonic functions
Spin Glasses: Model systems for non-equilibrium dynamics
Spin glasses are frustrated magnetic systems due to a random distribution of
ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions. An experimental three dimensional
(3d) spin glass exhibits a second order phase transition to a low temperature
spin glass phase regardless of the spin dimensionality. In addition, the low
temperature phase of Ising and Heisenberg spin glasses exhibits similar
non-equilibrium dynamics and an infinitely slow approach towards a
thermodynamic equilibrium state. There are however significant differences in
the detailed character of the dynamics as to memory and rejuvenation phenomena
and the influence of critical dynamics on the behaviour. In this article, some
aspects of the non-equilibrium dynamics of an Ising and a Heisenberg spin glass
are briefly reviewed and some comparisons are made to other glassy systems that
exhibit magnetic non-equilibrium dynamics.Comment: To appear in J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, Proceedings from HFM2003,
Grenobl
Workplace sexual harassment and depressive symptoms:A cross-sectional multilevel analysis comparing harassment from clients or customers to harassment from other employees amongst 7603 Danish employees from 1041 organizations
Abstract Background Previous research has reported that sexual harassment can lead to reduced mental health. Few studies have focused on sexual harassment conducted by clients or customers, which might occur in person-related occupations such as eldercare work, social work or customer service work. This study examined the cross-sectional association between sexual harassment by clients or customers and depressive symptoms. We also examined if this association was different compared to sexual harassment conducted by a colleague, supervisor or subordinate. Further, we investigated if psychosocial workplace initiatives modified the association between sexual harassment by clients or customers and level of depressive symptoms. Methods We used data from the Work Environment and Health in Denmark cohort study (WEHD) and the Work Environment Activities in Danish Workplaces Study (WEADW) collected in 2012. WEHD is based on a random sample of employed individuals aged 18–64. In WEADW, organizational supervisors or employee representatives provided information on workplace characteristics. By combining WEHD and WEADW we included self-reported information on working conditions and health from 7603 employees and supervisors in 1041 organizations within 5 occupations. Data were analyzed using multilevel regression and analyses adjusted for gender, age, occupation and socioeconomic position. Results Exposure to workplace sexual harassment from clients or customers was statistically significantly associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms (2.05; 95% CI: 0.98–3.12) compared to no exposure. Employees harassed by colleagues, supervisors or subordinates had a higher mean level of depressive symptoms (2.45; 95% CI: 0.57–4.34) than employees harassed by clients or customers. We observed no statistically significant interactions between harassment from clients and customers and any of the examined psychosocial workplace initiatives (all p > 0.05). Conclusions The association between sexual harassment and depressive symptoms differed for employees harassed by clients or customers and those harassed by colleagues, supervisors or subordinates. The results underline the importance of investigating sexual harassment from clients or customers and sexual harassment by colleagues, supervisors or subordinates as distinct types of harassment. We found no modification of the association between sexual harassment by clients or customers and depressive symptoms by any of the examined psychosocial workplace initiatives
Understanding adhesion at as-deposited interfaces from ab initio thermodynamics of deposition growth: thin-film alumina on titanium carbide
We investigate the chemical composition and adhesion of chemical vapour
deposited thin-film alumina on TiC using and extending a recently proposed
nonequilibrium method of ab initio thermodynamics of deposition growth (AIT-DG)
[Rohrer J and Hyldgaard P 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 045415]. A previous study of
this system [Rohrer J, Ruberto C and Hyldgaard P 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
22 015004] found that use of equilibrium thermodynamics leads to predictions of
a non-binding TiC/alumina interface, despite the industrial use as a
wear-resistant coating. This discrepancy between equilibrium theory and
experiment is resolved by the AIT-DG method which predicts interfaces with
strong adhesion. The AIT-DG method combines density functional theory
calculations, rate-equation modelling of the pressure evolution of the
deposition environment and thermochemical data. The AIT-DG method was
previously used to predict prevalent terminations of growing or as-deposited
surfaces of binary materials. Here we extent the method to predict surface and
interface compositions of growing or as-deposited thin films on a substrate and
find that inclusion of the nonequilibrium deposition environment has important
implications for the nature of buried interfaces.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to J. Phys.: Condens. Matte
Magnetic Brane Solutions in AdS
We construct asymptotically AdS_5 solutions of Einstein-Maxwell theory dual
to N=4 SYM theory on R^{3,1} in the presence of a background magnetic field.
The solutions interpolate between AdS_5 and a near horizon AdS_3\times T^2. The
central charge of the near horizon region, and hence low temperature entropy of
the solution, is found to be \sqrt{4\over 3} times that of free N=4 SYM theory.
The entropy vanishes at zero temperature. We also present the generalization of
these solutions to arbitrary spacetime dimensionality.Comment: 17 page
Two-dimensional electron transport in the presence of magnetic flux vortices
We have considered the conductivity properties of a two dimensional electron
gas (2DEG) in two different kinds of inhomogeneous magnetic fields, i.e. a
disordered distribution of magnetic flux vortices, and a periodic array of
magnetic flux vortices. The work falls in two parts. In the first part we show
how the phase shifts for an electron scattering on an isolated vortex, can be
calculated analytically, and related to the transport properties through a
force balance equation. In the second part we present numerical results for the
Hall conductivity of the 2DEG in a periodic array of flux vortices. We find
characteristic peaks in the Hall conductance, when plotted against the filling
fraction. It is argued that the peaks can be interpreted in terms of
``topological charge'' piling up across local and global gaps in the energy
spectrum.Comment: 47 pages, Revtex 3.0, 18 postscript figures can be obtained from our
WWW-server: http://roemer.fys.ku.dk/vortices.htm , or on request from the
Authors. Note that this paper is a thoroughly revised version of
cond-mat/940405
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