Lightweight heater generates high temperatures from low current

Double spiral molybdenum heater element uses low current, needs no insulation, and requires support only at the ends, which are also the power input points. Because there is no insulation or internal support necessary, the heater is lightweight. Its temperature potential will vary with its size and environment

Organic Farming - Nature Conceptions, Management and Cross Compliance

Organic farmers perceptions of qualities in nature do not clearly correspond with the biologists ideas of nature quality. The differences in perception hold both opportunities and conflicts

Fundamental Gates for a Strongly Correlated Two-Electron Quantum Ring

We demonstrate that conditional as well as unconditional basic operations which are prerequisite for universal quantum gates can be performed with almost 100% fidelity within a strongly interacting two-electron quantum ring. Both sets of operations are based on a quantum control algorithm that optimizes a driving electromagnetic pulse for a given quantum gate. The demonstrated transitions occur on a time scale much shorter than typical decoherence times of the system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, copyright 2010 The American Physical Societ

Tunable effective g-factor in InAs nanowire quantum dots

We report tunneling spectroscopy measurements of the Zeeman spin splitting in InAs few-electron quantum dots. The dots are formed between two InP barriers in InAs nanowires with a wurtzite crystal structure grown by chemical beam epitaxy. The values of the electron g-factors of the first few electrons entering the dot are found to strongly depend on dot size and range from close to the InAs bulk value in large dots |g^*|=13 down to |g^*|=2.3 for the smallest dots. These findings are discussed in view of a simple model.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Absence of magnetic long range order in Y2_{2}CrSbO7_{7}: bond-disorder induced magnetic frustration in a ferromagnetic pyrochlore

The consequences of nonmagnetic-ion dilution for the pyrochlore family Y$_{2}$($M_{1-x}N_{x}$)$_{2}$O$_{7}$ ($M$ = magnetic ion, $N$ = nonmagnetic ion) have been investigated. As a first step, we experimentally examine the magnetic properties of Y$_{2}$CrSbO$_{7}$ ($x$ = 0.5), in which the magnetic sites (Cr$^{3+}$) are percolative. Although the effective Cr-Cr spin exchange is ferromagnetic, as evidenced by a positive Curie-Weiss temperature, $\Theta_\mathrm{{CW}}$ = 20.1(6) K, our high-resolution neutron powder diffraction measurements detect no sign of magnetic long range order down to 2 K. In order to understand our observations, we performed numerical simulations to study the bond-disorder introduced by the ionic size mismatch between $M$ and $N$. Based on these simulations, bond-disorder ($x_{b}$ $\simeq$ 0.23) percolates well ahead of site-disorder ($x_{s}$ $\simeq$ 0.61). This model successfully reproduces the critical region (0.2 < $x$ < 0.25) for the N\'eel to spin glass phase transition in Zn(Cr$_{1-x}$Ga$_{x}$)$_{2}$O$_{4}$, where the Cr/Ga-sublattice forms the same corner-sharing tetrahedral network as the $M/N$-sublattice in Y$_{2}$($M_{1-x}N_{x}$)$_{2}$O$_{7}$, and the rapid drop in magnetically ordered moment in the N\'eel phase [Lee $et$ $al$, Phys. Rev. B 77, 014405 (2008)]. Our study stresses the nonnegligible role of bond-disorder on magnetic frustration, even in ferromagnets

Self-Affinity in the Gradient Percolation Problem

We study the scaling properties of the solid-on-solid front of the infinite cluster in two-dimensional gradient percolation. We show that such an object is self affine with a Hurst exponent equal to 2/3 up to a cutoff-length proportional to the gradient to the power (-4/7). Beyond this length scale, the front position has the character of uncorrelated noise. Importantly, the self-affine behavior is robust even after removing local jumps of the front. The previously observed multi affinity, is due to the dominance of overhangs at small distances in the structure function. This is a crossover effect.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Performance characteristics of the 12 GHz, 200 watt transmitter experiment package for CTS

The experiment package consists of a 200 W output stage tube (OST) powered by a power processing system (PPS). Descriptions of both the PPS and OST are given. The PPS provides the necessary voltages with a measured dc/dc conversion efficiency of 89 percent. The OST, a traveling wave tube with multiple collectors, has a saturated rf output power of 224 W and operates at an overall efficiency exceeding 40 percent over an 85 MHz bandwidth at 12 GHz. OST performance given includes frequency response, saturation characteristics, group delay, AM to PM conversion, inter-modulation distortion, and two channel gain suppression. Single and dual channel FM video performance is presented. It was determined that for 12 MHz peak to peak frequency deviation on each channel, dual channel FM television signals can be transmitted through the TEP at 60 W, each channel, with 40 MHz channel spacing (center to center)