Risk factors for hepatitis E virus seropositivity in Dutch blood donors

Background: A marked increase of hepatitis E cases has recently been observed in the Netherlands. Causes of the (re-)emergence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and exact sources and routes of transmission of HEV infection are currently unknown. We aimed to identify risk factors for HEV seropositivity. Methods: Using the Wantai EIA, 2100 plasma samples of blood donors from all over the Netherlands aged 18-70 years were tested for anti-HEV IgG antibodies. A questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, health, and potential risk factors for HEV exposure was sent to these participants. Results: The overall IgG-seroprevalence was 31% (648/2100) and increased with age. Several food products were independently associated with IgG-seropositivity in a multivariate analysis adjusting for age and gender among 1562 participants who completed the questionnaire: traditional Dutch dry raw sausages called "cervelaat", "fijnkost", "salami" and "salametti" which are generally made from raw pork and beef (aOR 1.5; 95%CI 1.2-1.9), frequent consumption of bovine steak (aOR 1.3; 95%CI 1.0-1.7), and frequent consumption of smoked beef (aOR 1.3 95%CI 1.0-1.7). Although not frequently reported, contact with contaminated water was also a risk factor for seropositivity (aOR 2.5; 95%CI 1.5-4.4). Lower seroprevalence was associated with eating raspberries, going out for dinner, and contact with wild animals and dogs. Conclusion: Several pork food products, mainly dry raw sausages, and contact with contaminated water were associated with past HEV infection in the Netherlands. Further investigation is needed into the prevalence and infectivity of HEV in these risk factor food products, as well as investigation of the production methods and possible origin of HEV-contamination within these sausages, e.g. very small amounts of pork liver, pig-derived blood products as food additive, or the pork muscle tissue

Electrical detection of 31P spin quantum states

In recent years, a variety of solid-state qubits has been realized, including quantum dots, superconducting tunnel junctions and point defects. Due to its potential compatibility with existing microelectronics, the proposal by Kane based on phosphorus donors in Si has also been pursued intensively. A key issue of this concept is the readout of the P quantum state. While electrical measurements of magnetic resonance have been performed on single spins, the statistical nature of these experiments based on random telegraph noise measurements has impeded the readout of single spin states. In this letter, we demonstrate the measurement of the spin state of P donor electrons in silicon and the observation of Rabi flops by purely electric means, accomplished by coherent manipulation of spin-dependent charge carrier recombination between the P donor and paramagnetic localized states at the Si/SiO2 interface via pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance. The electron spin information is shown to be coupled through the hyperfine interaction with the P nucleus, which demonstrates the feasibility of a recombination-based readout of nuclear spins

Разработка автоматизированной системы контроля и управления топливоподачей котельной ЛПДС «Никольское» на базе водогрейных котлов Турботерм-5000

Выпускная квалификационная работа 108 с., 7 рис., 24 табл., 17 источников, 3 приложения. Объектом исследования является котельная линейной производственно-диспетчерской станции "Никольское". Цель работы – разработка автоматизированной системы контроля и управления топливоподачей котельной ЛПДС "Никольское" на базе водогрейных котлов Турботерм-5000. В процессе исследования проводилась рахработка: 1) структурной схемы автоматизированной системы контроля и управления; 2) выбор необходимых технических средств измерений; 3) функциональной схемы автоматизированной системы контроля и управления; 4) принципиальной электрической схемы щита контроля и управления ; 5) комплекта конструкторской документации на щит контроля и управления. 6) разработка мнемосхемы.Final qualifying work 108 pp., 7 fig., 24 tab., 17 sources, 3 annexes. The object of research is a linear boiler production and control station "Nikolskoye". The purpose of work - development of an automated control system of fuel supply boiler LPDS "Nikolskoye" based boilers Turboterm-5000. The study was conducted rahrabotka: 1) block diagram of the automated control system; 2) the selection of the necessary technical means of measurement; 3) functional diagram of the automated control system; 4) schematic diagrams board monitoring and control; 5) set of design documentation for board control and management. 6) the development of the graphic

Анализ особенностей повышения достоверности кадастровой стоимости

Основной научный результат работы заключается в разработке рекомендаций по повышению достоверности кадастровой стоимости объектов жилой недвижимости, необходимо провести анализ существующей информации данных кадастрового учета, содержащихся в Едином государственном реестре объектов недвижимости.Relevance of the research topic. In connection with the change in the taxation system of residential real estate, municipal authorities and individual owners take an interest in the objectivity and reliability of the results in calculating the cadastral value of real estate objects (further in the text - EO) on thе basis of their actual characteristics. For owners, this is a guarantee of the validity of the base for calculating property tax, or the base for calculating rent for the use of real estate. For local governments, it is regarded as the predictability and financial support in the revenue part of the municipality budget in order to ensure the future socio-economic development of territories. The topic is relevant in terms of designing the development directions and improving the s

Модификации арефлюксного холедохоеюноанастомоза с восстановлением пассажа желчи в двенадцатиперстную кишку

Разработаны модификации формирования холедохоеюноанастомоза, способствующие восстановлению желчетока с пассажем желчи в двенадцатиперстную кишку, что предупреждает развитие в ней пептической язвы. Предложена специальная методика мобилизации отключенного по Ру сегмента тощей кишки, обеспечивающая его полноценную моторику.Modifications of forming choledochoanastomosis promoting restoration of bile passage to the duodenum, which prevented development of peptic ulcer, were worked out. A special technique for mobilization of the switched off segment of the jejunum according to Roux promoting an adequate motility was suggested