Strategien der Arbeitsbeschaffung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und im Ausland : Erfahrungen aus fünf Ländern

"Die in den vergangenen Jahren anhaltend hohe Arbeitslosigkeit machte arbeitsmarktpolitische Gegenmaßnahmen immer notwendiger. Dabei spielten Arbeitsbeschaffungsmaßnahmen (ABM) in vielen Ländern eine wichtige Rolle. In dem Artikel werden die Programme zur Arbeitsbeschaffung aus fünf Ländern (Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Frankreich, Großbritannien, Kanada und Schweden) dargestellt und analysiert, wobei auf die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes von ABM eingegangen wird. Drei Haupttypen sind dabei erkennbar: antizyklische ABM, deren Funktion zumindest von der Intention her in der Überbrückung von Konjunkturschwankungen besteht, problemgruppenorientierte ABM zur Reintegration von schwervermittelbaren Arbeitslosen, und die vom Umfang her noch kleinen experimentellen ABM zur Schaffung von Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten in neuen Bedarfsbereichen." (Autorenreferat)Arbeitsbeschaffungsmaßnahme - internationaler Vergleich, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Schweden, Großbritannien, Kanada, Frankreich

Regeneration of High Pressure Turbine Blades. Development of a Hybrid Brazing and Aluminizing Process by Means of Thermal Spraying

Besides welding, high temperature vacuum repair-brazing is already established for nickel-based alloy turbine blades in the aerospace and power plant industries. After the worn turbine blade has been decoated to its substrate material, the filler metal is deposited as a paste, (melt-spin) foil or tape which also consists of a nickel-based alloy. Following this, the hot-gas corrosion protective coating (e.g. NiCoCrAlY) is applied using thermal spraying. The brazed turbine blade is ground or milled to size and subsequently aluminized to further increase its corrosion resistance. Using the current state of technology, a turbine blade can undergo approximately 3 to 4 repair cycles. In the present study, the development of a two-stage hybrid technology for repairing turbine blades is considered which incorporates, on the one hand, a process technology and manufacturing aspects and, on the other hand, considers material-technological mechanisms. During the first stage of this hybrid technology, the filler metal together with the hot-gas corrosion protective coating is applied using thermal spraying. The subsequent second stage combines the brazing and aluminizing processes. The technology developed here brings technical and economic advantages whilst enabling the current state-of-the-art's corresponding process chain for repairing turbine blades to be shortened.DFG/SFB/87

Development of a Generic Framework to Assess Asset Management Maturity within Organisations

With the comprehensive Lean Smart Maintenance philosophy and its associated maturity model, organisations were given a tool to reach asset and maintenance excellence. This paper discusses the approach used to transfer the scientifically based methods and concepts of the Lean Smart Maintenance Maturity Model into an assessment structure to generate a generic tool to collect the complete and correct information necessary to determine an organisation\u27s maturity level. Research results show that a standardised assessment process combined with continuous improvement cycles, a more accurate assessment of the company\u27s maturity is possible. A well-structured MM assessment supports less experienced assessors whereby experienced assessors will not need a full questionnaire but only a well-structured list of items and their maturity levels

Validation of a Lean Smart Maintenance Maturity Model

Rising complexity in industrial asset and maintenance management due to more volatile business environments and megatrends like Industry 4.0 has led to the need for a new perspective on these management domains. The Lean Smart Maintenance (LSM) philosophy, which focuses on both the efficient (lean) and the learning (smart) organization was introduced during the past few years, and a corresponding maturity model (MM) has been developed to guide organizations on their way to asset and maintenance excellence. This paper discusses use cases, in which the usability and the generic aspect of the LSM MM are validated by using data from three different asset management assessment projects in organizations with different types of production. Research results show that the LSM MM can be used as a basis for management system improvement, independent of production types such as one-of-a-kind industry, mass production and continuous production

Evolution of a Lean Smart Maintenance Maturity Model towards the new Age of Industry 4.0

Over the last few years, the complexity of asset and maintenance management of industrial plants and machinery in the producing industry has risen due to higher competition and volatile environments. Smart factories, Internet of Things (IoT) and the underlying digitisation of a significant number of processes are changing the way we have to think and work in terms of asset management. Existing Lean Smart Maintenance (LSM) philosophy, which focuses on the cost-efficient (lean) and the learning organisation (smart) perspectives enables a value-oriented, dynamic, and smart maintenance/asset management. The associated LSM maturity model is the evaluation tool that contains the normative, strategic, and operational aspects of industrial asset management, based on which numerous reorganisation projects have already been carried out in industrial companies. However, due to the ever-increasing development of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), it is necessary to extend the model by selected aspects of digitisation and digitalisation. Based on a structured literature review (SLR) of state of the art I4.0 maturity models, we were able to investigate the essential maturity items for I4.0. To restructure and expand the existing LSM maturity model, the principle of design science research (DSR) was used. The architecture of the LSM maturity model was based on the structure of the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI). Further development of a Lean Smart Maintenance maturity model thus covers the future requirements of I4.0 and data science. It was possible to enhance existing categories with new artefacts from the I4.0 range to represent the influence of cyber-physical systems (CPS), (big) data and information management, condition monitoring (CM) and more. Furthermore, the originally defined LSM-Model was restructured for a more simplified application in industrial use cases

Thermally Sprayed Nickel-Based Repair Coatings for High-Pressure Turbine Blades: Controlling Void Formation during a Combined Brazing and Aluminizing Process

Turbine blades must withstand severe loading conditions and damage can occur during operation due to heat, pressure, foreign objects and hot gas corrosion, despite the protective coatings applied onto the turbine blades. Instead of replacing the damaged components, maintenance, repair and overhaul are key to extend the total service life. Besides welding, the repair of turbine blades by brazing is an established repair process in the industry and involves many individual steps that often require a high degree of manual work. In the present study, a hybrid joining and coating technology was developed to shorten the state-of-the-art process chain for repairing turbine blades. With this approach, a repair coating, which consists of a filler metal, a hot gas corrosion protective layer and an aluminum top layer, is applied by atmospheric plasma spraying. The coated turbine blade then undergoes a heat-treatment so that a brazing and aluminizing process is carried out simultaneously. Due to diffusion and segregation processes, pores can occur in the heat-treated coating. In the present study, a full factorial design of experiment was performed to reduce the pores in the coating. The microstructure of the repair coating was investigated by optical-and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the impact of the process parameters on the resulting microstructure is discussed

O budoucnosti našeho vzdělání

Kdo si ještě vzpomíná na slovo Sputnik? Sputnik byla umělá oběžnice, kterou Rusové v roce 1957 – jako první! – vyslali na oběžnou dráhu okolo Země. „Sputnikový šok“ vyvolal především v USA vlnu ohromení a sebekritiky