Şeref Akdik:hayatı sanatı eserleri

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 19-Akdik, Kamil-Şeref-Muhittin-Sara. Not: Kitap İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi Kütüphane Koleksiyonunda mevcuttur.Unutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/010

R script to fit the kernel logistic regression model to the empirical case study

(1) Parasitism rates of larvae of the diamond black moth in 22 organic Brussels sprout fields across the Netherlands. (2) Area of forest and area of forest edge in 20 rings around the 22 target sites. (3) R code to fit the kernel logistic regression model model for the empirical case study

Persistence of Aquatic Insects across Managed Landscapes: Effects of Landscape Permeability on Re-Colonization and Population Recovery

<div><p>Human practices in managed landscapes may often adversely affect aquatic biota, such as aquatic insects. Dispersal is often the limiting factor for successful re-colonization and recovery of stressed habitats. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effects of landscape permeability, assuming a combination of riparian vegetation (edge permeability) and other vegetation (landscape matrix permeability), and distance between waterbodies on the colonization and recovery potential of weakly flying insects. For this purpose, we developed two models, a movement and a population model of the non-biting midge, <em>Chironomus riparius</em>, an aquatic insect with weak flying abilities. With the movement model we predicted the outcome of dispersal in a landscape with several linear water bodies (ditches) under different assumptions regarding landscape-dependent movement. Output from the movement model constituted the probabilities of encountering another ditch and of staying in the natal ditch or perishing in the landscape matrix, and was used in the second model. With this individual-based model of midge populations, we assessed the implications for population persistence and for recovery potential after an extreme stress event. We showed that a combination of landscape attributes from the movement model determines the fate of dispersing individuals and, once extrapolated to the population level, has a big impact on the persistence and recovery of populations. Population persistence benefited from low edge permeability as it reduced the dispersal mortality which was the main factor determining population persistence and viability. However, population recovery benefited from higher edge permeability, but this was conditional on the low effective distance that ensured fewer losses in the landscape matrix. We discuss these findings with respect to possible landscape management scenarios.</p> </div

Density plots of individuals dispersing in the simulated landscape (effective distance was kept constant).

<p>Lighter colours depict higher densities (black cells harbour zero individuals). Low edge permeability limits dispersal outside of the natal ditch, whereas increasing the edge permeability and swarming duration allows individuals to laterally disperse.</p

Outcome of the movement model in different landscape setups.

<p>A) probability of colonizing the new ditch, B) probability of mortality in the terrestrial habitat and C) staying in the natal ditch (z-axis; not labelled for better visibility of axis values). The probabilities are dependent on the landscape attributes. The surface plots of the output are separated into columns on the basis of the duration of the swarming movement, i.e. obligatory dispersal before individuals are allowed to settle in an aquatic habitat cell (240, 480, 720 and 960 minutes). Values on z-axes in all surface plots are from 0 to 1.0. Effective distances are plotted on the x-axis and span from 10 to 150 m, while the edge permeability values are plotted on the y-axis and span from 0.001 to 0.1.</p

Simulated landscape in the movement model.

<p>The landscape consisted of the aquatic habitat, i.e. two ditches of 100 cells each, and the landscape matrix. The distance between the ditches, the landscape matrix and edge permeability varied among spatial scenarios. Distance between ditches amounted to 10, 20 and 30 m, edge permeability values were 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1, while matrix permeability values amounted to 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0.</p

Life-history parameters of <i>Chironomus riparius</i> used in the individual-based model and the correlated random walk (CRW) parameters used in the movement model.

<p>Life-history parameters of <i>Chironomus riparius</i> used in the individual-based model and the correlated random walk (CRW) parameters used in the movement model.</p

Simulated yearly dynamics of midge populations.

<p>Abundances are plotted on a log-scale. The population consists of larvae, pupae and adults, where larvae are most abundant. The larval abundance curve is indistinguishable from the curve depicting the dynamics of the total population.</p

The median time to recovery of successfully recovered populations.

<p>Only accomplished recoveries were plotted. Each of the panels represents a different duration of the swarming movement, i.e. dispersal before individuals are allowed to settle in an aquatic habitat cell: A) 240, B) 480, C) 720, and D) 960 minutes swarming. Effective distances are plotted on the x-axis and the edge permeability values are plotted on the y-axis (note that the perspective of the surface plots is opposite than in previous figures).</p

Medians of the total population abundance in different landscape and swarming setups.

<p>The daily population abundances were averaged over eight simulation years and 20 reference replicates, and were based on evaluated landscape parameters in the dispersal model. Each of the panels represents a different duration of the swarming movement, i.e. dispersal before individuals are allowed to settle in an aquatic habitat cell: A) 240, B) 480, C) 720, and D) 960 minutes swarming. Effective distances are plotted on the x-axis and the edge permeability values are plotted on the y-axis.</p