Some Juva households' food expenditures

A consumer research study of food purchases in 10 households in Juva, Finland, in 2004 suggests that few households are environmentally conscious as was the case in the Järna study. The primary aim of this consumer survey was to see what a typical Finnish food basket might contain (consumption profile). A secondary goal was to find out how many of the items in that basket were locally and ecologically produced foodstuffs

Revising Geology Labs to Explicitly Use the Scientific Method

This article points out that many content- or skill-based labs can be revised to explicitly involve the scientific method by asking students to propose hypotheses before making observations. Labs in which this method has been successfully applied include skill-building labs such as topographic map labs, content-based labs involving experiments with models, and field labs. Because these labs force students to state their expectations before making observations, they allow students to test their own models for various processes, making the students feel more engaged in the observations. This type of exercise reinforces other discussions of the scientific method, and gives students a better understanding of how scientists think. It provides models for applying the scientific method that students can consider when they try to design tests for open-ended research questions in this or other courses. Educational levels: Graduate or professional

Consumer surveys in Juva and Järna for identification of eco-local food baskets

In both Finland and Sweden a family member collected the receipts or filled in purchase diaries for all food entering the household for human consumption during 14 days period. Information on the amount, price, origin and environmental brand of all food products was recorded. After the recording period, the families were interviewed about their food choices, food consumption and food purchasing habits

Autonomy and Performance of Foreign Subsidiaries in five Transition Countries

The paper analyses the link between the autonomy according to business function and the performance of foreign subsidiaries in Slovenia, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Estonia. The novelty of the paper is in the deeper investigation of the multidimensionality of autonomy. Using the method of principal components, four business function factors relating to autonomy were obtained (technology, marketing, management, finance). The results supported the argument that the relationship between autonomy and performance depends on the type of autonomy. Marketing and finance are the most powerful dimensions of autonomy. Higher autonomy in marketing is negatively linked with technology upgrading, measured by productivity level, improvement of technological level of production equipment, and quality of products. The higher the financial autonomy of the subsidiaries the bigger the positive changes in all fields of performance.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40166/3/wp780.pd

Local and ecological food consumption - case studies in Finland and Sweden

Preliminary results show that in the Juva district amount of energy according to the purchase diary is 7.6 MJ/person/day and in Järna district the amount is 9.4 MJ/person/day. Our results are in a range that is reasonable

Autonomy and Performance of Foreign Subsidiaries in five Transition Countries

The paper analyses the link between the autonomy according to business function and the performance of foreign subsidiaries in Slovenia, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Estonia. The novelty of the paper is in the deeper investigation of the multidimensionality of autonomy. Using the method of principal components, four business function factors relating to autonomy were obtained (technology, marketing, management, finance). The results supported the argument that the relationship between autonomy and performance depends on the type of autonomy. Marketing and finance are the most powerful dimensions of autonomy. Higher autonomy in marketing is negatively linked with technology upgrading, measured by productivity level, improvement of technological level of production equipment, and quality of products. The higher the financial autonomy of the subsidiaries the bigger the positive changes in all fields of performance.international technology transfer, FDI effects on the host economy, subsidiary autonomy, subsidiary performance, transition countries

On Independence Atoms and Keys

Uniqueness and independence are two fundamental properties of data. Their enforcement in database systems can lead to higher quality data, faster data service response time, better data-driven decision making and knowledge discovery from data. The applications can be effectively unlocked by providing efficient solutions to the underlying implication problems of keys and independence atoms. Indeed, for the sole class of keys and the sole class of independence atoms the associated finite and general implication problems coincide and enjoy simple axiomatizations. However, the situation changes drastically when keys and independence atoms are combined. We show that the finite and the general implication problems are already different for keys and unary independence atoms. Furthermore, we establish a finite axiomatization for the general implication problem, and show that the finite implication problem does not enjoy a k-ary axiomatization for any k

Quantitative characterization of pore structure of several biochars with 3D imaging

Pore space characteristics of biochars may vary depending on the used raw material and processing technology. Pore structure has significant effects on the water retention properties of biochar amended soils. In this work, several biochars were characterized with three-dimensional imaging and image analysis. X-ray computed microtomography was used to image biochars at resolution of 1.14 $\mu$m and the obtained images were analysed for porosity, pore-size distribution, specific surface area and structural anisotropy. In addition, random walk simulations were used to relate structural anisotropy to diffusive transport. Image analysis showed that considerable part of the biochar volume consist of pores in size range relevant to hydrological processes and storage of plant available water. Porosity and pore-size distribution were found to depend on the biochar type and the structural anisotopy analysis showed that used raw material considerably affects the pore characteristics at micrometre scale. Therefore attention should be paid to raw material selection and quality in applications requiring optimized pore structure.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8823-

PEREHDYTTÄMINEN OSANA UUDEN TYÖNTEKIJÄN KEHITTYMISTÄ : CASE LA BAMBA

Tämän opinnäytetyön aiheena oli laatia perehdytysopas ravintola La Bambaan uusien työntekijöiden ja perehdyttäjien käyttöön. Tavoitteena oli tehdä kohdeyritykseemme toimiva perehdyttämisopas, jonka tarkoitus on jatkossa toimia osana uuden työntekijän kehittymistä. Tarkoituksena on tutkia mitä asioita perehdyttäminen pitää sisällään, ja miten se tulisi toteuttaa yksilöidysti kaikille sopivaksi. Tavoitteena on myös tutkia perehdytystä osana uuden työntekijän kehittymistä uudesta tulokkaasta tulosta tekeväksi työntekijäksi. Henkilöstön kehittämisellä tarkoitetaan tiedon, ammattitaidon ja työtaitojen ylläpitoa ja kasvattamista, joilla turvataan henkilöstön selviytyminen nykyisistä ja tulevista työtehtävistä. Henkilöstön kehittäminen on kokonaisuus, johon osana kuuluvat henkilöstön valintaan liittyvät asiat ja henkilöstön perehdyttäminen. Perehdyttäminen on osa osaamisen kehittämistä. Se voidaan nähdä investointina, jolla lisätään henkilöstön osaamista, parannetaan laatua, tuetaan työssä jaksamista ja vähennetään työtapaturmia ja poissaoloja. Perehdyttämisprosessissa työntekijä perehdytetään muun muassa yrityksen organisaatioon ja toimintatapoihin, liikeideaan, henkilöstöstrategiaan ja organisaatioympäristöön. Opinnäytetyön empiriaosuudessa selvitettiin kohdeyrityksen työntekijöiden näkemyksiä yrityksen perehdyttämisen nykytilasta sekä mahdollisia ideoita perehdyttämisen kehittämiseen ja heidän kehittymismahdollisuuksiaan yrityksessä. Tulosten perusteella pohdittiin, kuinka perehdyttämistä voitaisiin parantaa kohdeyrityksessä. Kyselyn tuloksia käytettiin osittain apuna myös perehdyttämisoppaan laadinnassa. Teoreettista tietoa ja kyselyn tuloksia verrattaessa kohdeyrityksen perehdyttämisessä havaittiin puutteita. Jotkut työntekijät olivat tyytymättömiä tämän hetkiseen perehdyttämisprosessiin sekä perehdyttämisen vastuujakoon. Pyrkimällä luomaan kirjallisen perehdyttämisoppaan suullisen perehdyttämiskäytännön rinnalle pyritään perehdyttämistä parantamaan kohdeyrityksessä.The subject of this thesis was to create an orientation guide for the use of restaurant La Bamba’s new employees and superiors. The objective of this thesis was to create a functional orientation guide which is supposed to be used as a part of a new employee’s development. The meaning of this thesis is to research what the orientation process contains and how the process should be fulfilled for everyone individually. The objective of the thesis is also to study the orientation as a part of a new employee’s development from newcomer to a result-oriented worker. Human resource development means to maintain and increase knowledge, professional ability and workmanship. By these it is assured that the personnel manages the current and future, often more challenging work assignments. Human resource development is an entity which constitutes the issue of selecting personnel and their orientation. Orientation is a part of developing the know-how. Orientation may be seen as an investment which increases the knowledge of the human resource, improves the quality, supports managing in work and decreases the occupational accidents and absence. In the orientation process the employee is familiarized to company's organization, operation modes, business idea, personnel strategy and policy and the surroundings of the organization. In the empirical part this thesis' intent was to clarify case company's employees' views on the current state of company's orientation and some ideas for developing orientation and their possibilities to make progress in their career or work. On the basis of the results, ideas on improving the orientation were considered. The results were also partly used when the new orientation guide was created. When theoretical data and results of the survey were compared, some shortages in the case company's orientation were acknowledged. Some employees were dissatisfied on the current orientation process and responsibility sharing of the orientation. By creating a written orientation guide beside of the oral orientation convention, orientation could be improved in the case company