Types of Sources: Online Module for First Year Writing

We created this Types of Sources module as one of four library modules for all sections of First Year Writing this fall. It is an asynchronous, online module delivered through Canvas, our institution’s learning management system, and consists of some reading, two short videos, and three discussion-board-based activities. The first activity, at the very beginning of the lesson, is intended to get students to start thinking about the characteristics of different types of sources. In the activity, students pick a type of resource (e.g. podcasts, scholarly journal articles, social media, etc.) from a list, answer some questions about it, and then comment on classmates’ posts. The second activity functions as a check-in partway through the module, asking students to identify two provided articles as either popular or scholarly. The final activity has students apply what they’ve learned—they do an initial search to find one source on their topic, and identify it as popular or scholarly. As librarians, we then comment on students’ posts to provide feedback. Find the Canvas Module in the Canvas Creative Commons

Patients' and staff members' experiences of restrictive practices in acute mental health in-patient settings: systematic review and thematic synthesis

BACKGROUND: Recent guidance has called for the reduction of restrictive practice use owing to growing concerns over the harmful physical and psychological effects for both patients and staff. Despite concerns and efforts, these measures continue to be used regularly to manage challenging behaviour in psychiatric in-patient settings. AIMS: To undertake a systematic review of patients' and staff members' experiences of restrictive practices in acute psychiatric in-patient settings. METHOD: A systematic review and thematic synthesis was conducted using data from 21 qualitative papers identified from a systematic search across three electronic databases (PsycInfo, Embase and MEDLINE) and citation searching. The protocol for the review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020176859). The quality of included papers was examined using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). RESULTS: Four overarching themes emerged from the experiences of patients: the psychological effects, staff communication, loss of human rights and making changes. Likewise, the analysis of staff data produced four themes: the need for restrictive practices, the psychological impact, decision-making and making changes. Patient and staff experiences of restrictive practices were overwhelmingly negative, and their use carried harmful physical and psychological consequences. Lack of support following restraint events was a problem for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Future programmes seeking to improve or reduce restrictive practices should consider the provision of staff training covering behaviour management and de-escalation techniques, offering psychological support to both patients and staff, the importance of effective staff-patient communication and the availability of alternatives

Earthquake slip surfaces identified by biomarker thermal maturity within the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake fault zone.

Extreme slip at shallow depths on subduction zone faults is a primary contributor to tsunami generation by earthquakes. Improving earthquake and tsunami risk assessment requires understanding the material and structural conditions that favor earthquake propagation to the trench. We use new biomarker thermal maturity indicators to identify seismic faults in drill core recovered from the Japan Trench subduction zone, which hosted 50 m of shallow slip during the Mw9.1 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Our results show that multiple faults have hosted earthquakes with displacement ≥ 10 m, and each could have hosted many great earthquakes, illustrating an extensive history of great earthquake seismicity that caused large shallow slip. We find that lithologic contrasts in frictional properties do not necessarily determine the likelihood of large shallow slip or seismic hazard

Cell Envelope Modifications By Lcp Family Proteins Of Group B Streptococcus And Virulence Singaling By Peptides Of The Salivaricin Locus Of Streptococcus Pyogenes

ABSTRACT CELL ENVELOPE MODIFICATIONS BY LCP FAMILY PROTEINS OF GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS AND VIRULENCE SIGNALING BY PEPTIDES OF THE SALIVARICIN LOCUS OF STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES by HANNAH MORRISON ROWE December 2014 Advisor: Dr. Melody Neely Major: Immunology and Microbiology Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Streptococci are important human and animal pathogens. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a zoonotic pathogen that is the leading cause of human neonatal sepsis and meningitis. In order to cause systemic disease GBS must produce a polysaccharide capsule. Capsule expression is controlled in part by the protein CpsA. We demonstrate that deletion of the cpsA gene, or expression of proteins with modifications to the extracellular or leucine zipper domains leads to reduced capsule expression and abnormalities in the bacterial cell wall and in cell division. Capsule and cell wall/cell division phenotypes are also seen when modified proteins are expressed in a wild type bacterial strain, indicating the modified protein exerts a dominant negative effect. Additionally, we demonstrate that the dominant negative effect can act through addition of purified modified CpsA protein or synthetic CpsA-derived peptide to wild type cultures. Further investigation of mutation of the lytR gene, which encodes for a protein related to CpsA, showed that LytR also has roles in bacterial capsule expression and cell wall/cell division phenotypes. Streptococcus pyogenes is a human pathogen that causes a range of diseases from superficial to life threatening. Peptide signaling serves important roles in many pathogenic bacterial species. We demonstrate that the peptides encoded in the salivaricin locus by S. pyogenes, SalA and SalZ, have key roles in controlling virulence of S. pyogenes. Data suggests that the SalA peptide acts synergistically with the two component signaling system also encoded in the sal locus, SalKR, in regulation of transcription and in survival in a model of septic infection. The SalZ peptide was also shown to have roles in transcription of the sal locus and virulence of S. pyogenes. Taken together, the work described here demonstrates key mechanisms for pathogenesis by Streptococci

How Attachment Styles Affect Our Perception of Daily Activities

Existing research indicates that social functioning (i.e., emotional motives, social interaction, relationships, interpersonal goals) is associated with personal attachment style (Locke, 2008) and avoidance in emerging adults. Furthermore, attachment styles of individuals can predict daily activities and personal motives (Springstein et al., 2023). While evidence has pointed to interpersonal risk (i.e., physiological safety versus threat) and a sense of security, research has yet to explore these variables in the relationship between attachment styles and helping other individuals in social settings in university students. For our research, we wanted to expand on this past research and test the effects of daily activities and how people perceive these based on their attachment styles. We hypothesized that participants who have an anxious or avoidant attachment style will be less likely to help in perceptive daily social situations than those who have a secure attachment style. The participant sample are 46 introductory psychology students who participated for class credit in SONA. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire of 10 hypothetical situations of daily activities demonstrated through prosocial Qualtrics. Afterwards, participants were to take an online attachment style questionnaire consisting of 24 questions that will conclude their attachment styles based on research of attachment styles positively influencing external relationships (Natisse et. al. 2022). We found that..

Review of best management practices for aquatic vegetation control in stormwater ponds, wetlands, and lakes

Auckland Council (AC) is responsible for the development and operation of a stormwater network across the region to avert risks to citizens and the environment. Within this stormwater network, aquatic vegetation (including plants, unicellular and filamentous algae) can have both a positive and negative role in stormwater management and water quality treatment. The situations where management is needed to control aquatic vegetation are not always clear, and an inability to identify effective, feasible and economical control options may constrain management initiatives. AC (Infrastructure and Technical Services, Stormwater) commissioned this technical report to provide information for decision- making on aquatic vegetation management with in stormwater systems that are likely to experience vegetation-related issues. Information was collated from a comprehensive literature review, augmented by knowledge held by the authors. This review identified a wide range of management practices that could be potentially employed. It also demonstrated complexities and uncertainties relating to these options that makes the identification of a best management practice difficult. Hence, the focus of this report was to enable users to screen for potential options, and use reference material provided on each option to confirm the best practice to employ for each situation. The report identifies factors to define whether there is an aquatic vegetation problem (Section 3.0), and emphasises the need for agreed management goals for control (e.g. reduction, mitigation, containment, eradication). Resources to screen which management option(s) to employ are provided (Section 4.0), relating to the target aquatic vegetation, likely applicability of options to the system being managed, indicative cost, and ease of implementation. Initial screening allows users to shortlist potential control options for further reference (Section 5.0). Thirty-five control options are described (Section 5.0) in sufficient detail to consider applicability to individual sites and species. These options are grouped under categories of biological, chemical or physical control. Biological control options involve the use of organisms to predate, infect or control vegetation growth (e.g. classical biological control) or manipulate conditions to control algal growth (e.g. pest fish removal, microbial products). Chemical control options involve the use of pesticides and chemicals (e.g. glyphosate, diquat), or the use of flocculants and nutrient inactivation products that are used to reduce nutrient loading, thereby decreasing algal growth. Physical control options involve removing vegetation or algal biomass (e.g. mechanical or manual harvesting), or setting up barriers to their growth (e.g. shading, bottom lining, sediment capping). Preventative management options are usually the most cost effective, and these are also briefly described (Section 6.0). For example, the use of hygiene or quarantine protocols can reduce weed introductions or spread. Catchment- based practices to reduce sediment and nutrient sources to stormwater are likely to assist in the avoidance of algal and possibly aquatic plant problems. Nutrient removal may be a co-benefit where harvesting of submerged weed biomass is undertaken in stormwater systems. It should also be considered that removal of substantial amounts of submerged vegetation may result in a sudden and difficult-to-reverse s witch to a turbid, phytoplankton dominated state. Another possible solution is the conversion of systems that experience aquatic vegetation issues, to systems that are less likely to experience issues. The focus of this report is on systems that receive significant stormwater inputs, i.e. constructed bodies, including ponds, amenity lakes, wetlands, and highly-modified receiving bodies. However, some information will have application to other natural water bodies

Assessing spatiotemporal relationships between atmospheric nitrogen deposition and butterfly species records through statistical modelling

Atmospheric nitrogen deposition has been linked with an overall loss of plant species richness and homogenisation of semi-natural habitats both in GB and elsewhere. We expect that nitrogen-induced changes in plant communities will impact invertebrate species through the loss of reproductive habitat, food plants and suitable microclimatic conditions caused by the shifts in composition of plant communities. Prior to this thesis, no quantitative research had been undertaken to assess the potential effects of nitrogen on fauna in GB. Butterflies are often used as indicator species due to their sensitivity to environmental change, our comprehensive understanding of their ecology, and the existence of long-term datasets on their abundance and distribution. In this study, I analysed butterfly data from the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme alongside data on expected driver variables including nitrogen deposition, sulphur deposition, temperature, rainfall, land use intensity, and elevation. I performed a spatio-temporal analysis on the data for each species individually using generalised additive models to understand the complex and expected non-linear relationships between butterfly trends and their drivers. Model results were summarised to provide an overview of the total number of species exhibiting responses to nitrogen. In addition, results were summarised by trait groupings such as voltinism, host plant category, host plant specificity, and breeding habitat to summarise whether any trait groupings may be particularly strongly impacted by nitrogen pollution. In addition, I performed further detailed analysis on Lasiommata megera, the Wall Brown butterfly, which has been shown to be negatively impacted by nitrogen in studies undertaken elsewhere in Europe. I ran a similar spatio-temporal analysis to that mentioned above, but with the addition of two variables I hypothesised would be key drivers of L. megera: temperature in the previous September and elevation. The results for this additional analysis were presented separately. I demonstrated that individual butterfly species vary in their relationships with nitrogen deposition and highlighted both species-level and potential trait level responses. Nine butterfly species were negatively correlated with historic nitrogen deposition, and nine were negatively correlated with percentage change in nitrogen deposition at the site over time. Two species showed significant negative relationships with both historic nitrogen deposition and percentage change in nitrogen deposition over time: Fabriciana adippe (High Brown Fritillary) and Hipparchia semele (Grayling). These findings suggest that there is a strong correlative relationship between nitrogen deposition and the abundance of many butterfly species in GB. Other key drivers of change identified in this analysis were time, rainfall, and temperature in the current and previous year. I also demonstrated a strong relationship between abundance of L. megera and historic nitrogen deposition using the model with more detailed covariates. Initial summaries based on traits were inconclusive, not highlighting any particular trait groupings as being especially susceptible to the effects of nitrogen pollution. The results of this study present the first correlative link between nitrogen deposition and negative impacts on terrestrial fauna in GB. It reinforces the importance of continued efforts to reduce emissions to protect the natural environment. It also provides a basis for further field and lab-based work to be undertaken to better understand the causal mechanisms behind the observed relationships