419 research outputs found
Hairy black holes in cubic quasi-topological gravity
We construct a class of five dimensional black hole solutions to cubic
quasi-topological gravity with conformal scalar hair and study their
thermodynamics. We find these black holes provide the second example of black
hole -lines: a line of second order (continuous) phase transitions,
akin to the fluid/superfluid transition of He. Examples of isolated
critical points are found for spherical black holes, marking the first in the
literature to date. We also find various novel and interesting phase
structures, including an isolated critical point occurring in conjunction with
a double reentrant phase transition. The AdS vacua of the theory are studied,
finding ghost-free configurations where the scalar field takes on a non-zero
constant value, in notable contrast to the five dimensional Lovelock case.Comment: 29 pages, 12 figure
"Ay, in the temple, in the town, the field, you do me mischief": the representation of rape and threatened rape in Shakespeare's works.
Shakespeare returned to the theme of rape on a number of occasions throughout his career, but only "Titus Andronicus" and "The Rape of Lucrece" include a rape within the narrative context. This study will examine the representation of rape in the context of the Early Modern understanding of the concept. The study will show that Shakespeare metaphorically represents the rapes of Lavinia in "Titus Andronicus" and Lucrece in "The Rape of Lucrece" and that these metaphors are repeatedly reflected in later works which include a theme of threatened rape, giving currency to the threat and introducing the possibility of a tragic outcome. A key point of originality in this study is that it will show that the narrative of the four lovers in A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comic re-working of the rape plot in "Titus Andronicus".
This work will also examine how contemporary complaints of rape reflected the evidential requirements of the hue and cry process, and will show that knowledge of this process contributed to the Early Modern concept of rape. A key point of originality within this work is that it will show that Shakespeare establishes rape and threatened rape within the contemporary context of the hue and cry process, and that this signposts the audience and reader of texts which include a threatened rape to expect that a rape will occur
Solar wind density turbulence and solar flare electron transport from the Sun to the Earth
Solar flare accelerated electron beams propagating away from the Sun can
interact with the turbulent interplanetary media, producing plasma waves and
type III radio emission. These electron beams are detected near the Earth with
a double power-law energy spectrum. We simulate electron beam propagation from
the Sun to the Earth in the weak turbulent regime taking into account the
self-consistent generation of plasma waves and subsequent wave interaction with
density fluctuations from low frequency MHD turbulence. The rate at which
plasma waves are induced by an unstable electron beam is reduced by background
density fluctuations, most acutely when fluctuations have large amplitudes or
small wavelengths. This suppression of plasma waves alters the wave
distribution which changes the electron beam transport. Assuming a 5/3
Kolmogorov-type power density spectrum of fluctuations often observed near the
Earth, we investigate the corresponding energy spectrum of the electron beam
after it has propagated 1 AU. We find a direct correlation between the spectrum
of the double power-law below the break energy and the turbulent intensity of
the background plasma. For an initial spectral index of 3.5, we find a range of
spectra below the break energy between 1.6-2.1, with higher levels of
turbulence corresponding to higher spectral indices.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, to be published in Ap
Social Support and Perceptions of COVID-19-Related Emotional Impact on Mental Health Among Early Adolescents in Appalachia
Background: Young people who experience higher levels of social support from their schools and families have been shown to be less likely to develop symptoms of negative mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety.1–4 This raises questions concerning how young people\u27s stress and psychological changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as social support during this time have affected their overall mental health. The aim of this study was to assess the association between sources of parental- and school-level social support and youth perceptions of COVID-19-related emotional impact on mental health among early adolescent girls and boys in Appalachia.
Methods: Using linear regression, we analyzed the first and third wave of survey data from the larger parent study (Young Mountaineer Health Study) cohort, collected in 20 middle schools throughout West Virginia in the fall of 2020 and fall of 2021 (N = 1349, mean age: 11.5, response rate: 80.7%).
Results: Approximately half of participants reported knowing someone that had been sick with COVID-19. Those experiencing higher levels of perceived COVID-19-related emotional impact reported greater levels of depression, anxiety, and anger. Both parental and school-level social support were associated with better mental health outcomes.
Conclusions: Early adolescent perceptions of COVID-19-related emotional impact were associated with depression, anxiety, and anger and moderated by social support at home and in school among 11-12-year-old youth in Appalachia
Quantifying the Transit Light Source Effect: Measurements of Spot Temperature and Coverage on the Photosphere of AU Microscopii with High-Resolution Spectroscopy and Multi-Color Photometry
AU Mic is an active 24 Myr pre-main sequence M dwarf in the stellar
neighborhood (d9.7 pc) with a rotation period of 4.86 days. The two
transiting planets orbiting AU Mic, AU Mic b and c, are warm sub-Neptunes on
8.5 and 18.9 day periods and are targets of interest for atmospheric
observations of young planets. Here we study AU Mic's unocculted starspots
using ground-based photometry and spectra in order to complement current and
future transmission spectroscopy of its planets. We gathered multi-color LCO
0.4m SBIG photometry to study the star's rotational modulations and LCO NRES
high-resolution spectra to measure the different spectral components within the
integrated spectrum of the star, parameterized by 3 spectral components and
their coverage fractions. We find AU Mic's surface has at least 2 spectral
components, a K ambient photosphere with cool spots that have a
temperature of K and cover percent of the surface,
increasing and decreasing by 5 from the average throughout a rotation. We
also detect a third flux component with a filling factor less than 0.5 and
a largely uncertain temperature that we attribute to flare flux not entirely
omitted in the time-averaged spectra. We include measurements of spot
temperature and coverage fraction from both 2- and 3- temperature models, which
we find agree with each other strongly. Our expanded use of various techniques
to study starspots will help us better understand this system and may have
applications for interpreting the transmission spectra for exoplanets
transiting stars of a wide range of activity levels.Comment: 25 pages, 13 figures, Accepted to Ap
Porridge, piety, and patience: young Qur’anic students’ experiences of poverty in Kano, Nigeria
Inequalities are growing on a global scale and rising consumerism has exacerbated the negative connotations of material deprivation in many places. What does this imply for how poor people experience their situation? What role does religion play in their lives? This paper explores these questions by studying how young Qur'anic students (almajirai) in Kano in northern Nigeria experience, and deal with, being poor. In the context of growing violent conflict related to the Boko Haram insurgency, poor Muslims, including the almajirai, have frequently been cast as being prone to violence in order to claim their share of highly unequally distributed resources. Religion has often been portrayed as a radicalizing force in their lives. This paper challenges such views. It describes how the almajirai deploy religious discourses to moderate feelings of inadequacy and shame triggered by experiences of exclusion. At the same time, recourse to religious discourses emphasizing the values of asceticism and endurance does not further an agenda of social change and thus risks perpetuating the almajirai's weak social position. The paper concludes that consumerism and wealth-based definitions of status are likely to silence demands for social justice
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