Addressing Maladaptive Coping Mechanisms in Response to External Stressors and Negative Affective States in Primary Care Settings

Individuals respond to negative affective states, including depression and bipolar disorder, and external stressful events with a wide variety of adaptive and maladaptive coping mechanisms or a mixture of both. Maladaptive coping mechanisms include substance use and binge eating, as well as avoidance or withdrawal behaviors. Understanding how patients respond to external stressors and adapt to negative affective states, including depression and hypomania, via questionnaires seeking to elucidate coping mechanisms is of utmost importance to recognize patients at risk of substance use, binge-eating, and other maladaptive behaviors. Only through explicit identification of these mechanisms can providers work with patients to take steps to mitigate negative health effects of maladaptive coping behaviors via targeted patient education and formation of collaborative partnerships with patients.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/fmclerk/1861/thumbnail.jp

Positive self-representations, sustainability and socially organised denial in UK tourists: discursive barriers to a sustainable transport future

This paper provides an empirical application of some recent developments in the social science of sustainability to understanding sustainable transport behaviour. We analyse talk about holidaymaking taken from interviews with self-defined “eco” or “sustainable” tourists. The focus of this paper explores the ways in which participants understand and reconcile the potential conflict of air transport and the notion of sustainable holidays. We identify a number of discursive strategies participants used to project and maintain positive self-representations in the context of complex, often incompatible constructions of sustainability derived from this particular dilemma. Such strategies are considered as concrete examples of the psychosocial organisation of denial and thus offer discursive barriers to sustainable transport futures. However, the analysis also demonstrates the ways in which some individuals were able to resist or challenge such forms of socially organised denial. The potential implications of these discursive barriers and strategies for sustainable transport futures and the tourism sector are discussed

Geology of Cumberland Gap National Historical Park

Cumberland Gap National Historical Park is located in parts of Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee. The park was authorized by President Franklin Roosevelt on June 11, 1940, and is now the largest historical park in the National Park System. It contains 24,000 acres along Cumberland Mountain near Ewing, Va., proceeding southwest toward Fern Lake in Tennessee, a distance of approximately 20 miles. The average width of the park is only 1.6 miles. The park hosts a distinctive range of geologic processes and features. Unique structural geology, caves and karst, surface and groundwater erosion, and mass wasting are just a few of the processes that shape the scenic landscape of the park. This publication illustrates the relationship between the geology of Cumberland Gap and the historical and cultural issues that are important to the park and its visitors. It is intended for park visitors, educators, park staff, and anyone interested in the geology of Cumberland Gap National Historical Park. It was produced using digital geologic mapping and geographic information system technology, which also help the National Park Service with resource management and meeting federal mandates, while also providing informative perspectives that are valuable to all citizens who enjoy national parks. For more information, please visit the Cumberland Gap National Historical Park Web site at www.nps.gov/cuga. To obtain digital geologic and other GIS data, visit the National Park Service Data Portal at nrinfo.nps.govtReference.mvc/Search

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A REGRESSION MODEL TO ESTIMATE VO2 max FOR OLDER ADOLESCENTS FROM PACER 20-M SHUTTLE RUN PERFORMANCE

The PACER provides a convenient and relatively low cost assessment of aerobic fitness. The PACER is less expensive and more readily available than stationary or portable metabolic systems, can be completed in a condensed area of 20 meters, and can be administered to large groups. The PACER is the preferred (or default) test of aerobic fitness for the FITNESSGRAM[registered] youth fitness program. The purpose of this study was to develop a regression model to estimate VO₂ max from PACER performance, age, gender, and body mass or body mass index in 17- to 18-year-old males and females. Additionally, several previously published equations were cross-validated to allow for comparison between prediction models. A secondary purpose was to examine the criterion-referenced validity of the models. Participants included 22 females and 26 males aged 17 to 18 years. Height and weight were assessed and percent body fat was measured with air displacement plethesmography via the BOD POD. Participants completed a maximal treadmill test following the Bruce protocol. The PACER 20-m multi-stage shuttle run was completed following FITNESSGRAM[registered] procedures. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to predict VO₂ max from the number of laps completed on the PACER, age, gender, and body mass or body mass index. Estimates of VO₂ max from previously published prediction models were cross-validated and the standard error of estimate (SEE) and total error (TE) were calculated. Comparison of the two error estimates identified the effect of systematic overestimation or underestimation on prediction accuracy. Mean scores for VO₂ max for males (41.9 ± 9.9) and females (33.1 ± 6.7) were lower than the 2010 FITNESSGRAM[registered] Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) standards (males [greater-than or equal to] 44.2 ml.kg-1.min-1 and females [greater-than or equal to] 38.6 ml.kg-1.min-1). Only 27% of female participants (n = 6) and 42% of male participants (n = 11) had a measured VO₂ in the HFZ. The only variable that significantly contributed to estimation of VO₂ max was PACER laps completed. The model developed on the current sample was: VO₂ max = 20.41012 + (PACER laps * 0.41304). The correlation between measured VO₂ max and VO₂ max predicted from this equation was high (R = .89). All cross-validated prediction equations produced high correlations between measured and estimated VO₂ max (R [greater-than or equal to] .81). The prediction model developed in the current study and the Léger et al. (1988) model produced the highest correlations (r = .89) between measured and estimated VO₂ max, the lowest standard errors of estimate (4.36 ml.kg-1.min-1 and 4.43 ml.kg-1.min-1), and the lowest TE (4.36 ml.kg-1.min-1 and 4.81 ml.kg-1.min-1). Criterion-referenced analysis was used to examine the classification accuracy of the models for three categories (HFZ, Needs Improvement - Some Risk [NISR], and Needs Improvement - High Risk [NIHR]) and two categories (HFZ and Needs Improvement [NI]). Proportion of agreement for the three category analysis was moderate (Pa = .73) for the model developed in the current study. When classification was condensed into two classification zones (HFZ and NI), Pa increased (Pa = .88). The remaining cross-validated models had a low to moderate Pa (.52 - .66) under the three category format, and moderate Pa (.66 - .77) under the two category format. In conclusion, the prediction model developed in the current study developed on an older adolescent sample provides an accurate estimate of VO₂ max. The variable of laps completed on the PACER was the only significant contributor to the equation. Most of the previously published equations were notably less accurate than this new model. The current prediction model also produced accurate classification of fitness levels into the Healthy Fitness Zone or Needs Improvement categories

Ghajn Klieb, (Rabat, Malta)

Between October and December 1999 a team of local and foreign undergraduates from the University of Malta carried out a survey of the site at Ghajn Klieb outside Rabat. The exercise constituted the practical part of a unit on the Principles of Archaeological Surveying directed by Dr Nicholas Vella of the Department of Classics & Archaeology. For the survey the team was joined by Hanna Stager, a graduate of the same department, who also researched some of the references used in this article. Initial reconnaissance of the site was carried out on 15 October 1999 with Nathaniel Cutajar and Michelle B uhagiar, Curator and Assistant Curator respectively at the National Museum of Archaeology. The scatter of surface ceramics and the existence of previously known and unknown features revealed the extent and potential of the site. It was decided that the locality of Ghajn Klieb warranted systematic study that could be carried out in various stages, with the longterm aim being an assessment of human activity and cultural behaviour at the site. The Museums Department gave the go-ahead for this project, and permission to collect the surface ceramics was granted. This short report is intended to give an outline of the work undertaken to date. Emphasis is placed on the field methods adopted and on the presentation of what we believe to be worth talking about at this stage. An effort is here made by the senior author to unravel the collaborative nature of the exercise by lending weight to individual thoughts and interpretations that arose while work progressed in the field.peer-reviewe

LYVE1 Marks the Divergence of Yolk Sac Definitive Hemogenic Endothelium from the Primitive Erythroid Lineage.

The contribution of the different waves and sites of developmental hematopoiesis to fetal and adult blood production remains unclear. Here, we identify lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE1) as a marker of yolk sac (YS) endothelium and definitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Endothelium in mid-gestation YS and vitelline vessels, but not the dorsal aorta and placenta, were labeled by Lyve1-Cre. Most YS HSPCs and erythro-myeloid progenitors were Lyve1-Cre lineage traced, but primitive erythroid cells were not, suggesting that they represent distinct lineages. Fetal liver (FL) and adult HSPCs showed 35%-40% Lyve1-Cre marking. Analysis of circulation-deficient Ncx1-/- concepti identified the YS as a major source of Lyve1-Cre labeled HSPCs. FL proerythroblast marking was extensive at embryonic day (E) 11.5-13.5, but decreased to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) levels by E16.5, suggesting that HSCs from multiple sources became responsible for erythropoiesis. Lyve1-Cre thus marks the divergence between YS primitive and definitive hematopoiesis and provides a tool for targeting YS definitive hematopoiesis and FL colonization