Kooperation eigenständiger Betriebe auf einer gemeinsamen Hofstelle: Das Organisationsmodell „Gemeinschaftshof“

Das hier entwickelte Organisationsmodell „Gemeinschaftshof“ (ein Hof, mehrere selbständige Unternehmer) umfasst landwirtschaftliche Betriebe, die zwischen dem klassischen Familienbetrieb (ein Hof, ein Unternehmer) auf der einen und den Hofgemeinschaften (ein Hof, ein Unternehmen, mehrere Betriebsleiter) auf der anderen Seite anzusiedeln sind. Auf Basis einer qualitativen Studie auf 5 Bio-Betrieben wird das Modell ausgestaltet und untersucht. Die Spezialisierungsgrade der eigentlichen landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe auf den betrachteten Gemeinschaftshöfen sind als sehr gering einzustufen. Vielmehr beruht die Diversifizierung der Gemeinschaftshöfe auf dem Spektrum landwirtschaftlicher Spezialbetriebe (Garten- und Obstbau, Imkerei, Baumschule), nachgelagerter Betriebe (Vermarktung, Verarbeitung) und mehr oder weniger landwirtschaftsferner Betriebe (z.B. Ponyreitbetrieb, Handwerk, therapeutische Praxen), die neben einem eher traditionellen Gemischtbetrieb existieren. So dass sich für die betrachteten Gemeinschaftshöfe feststellen lässt: Es werden eher entstehende Synergieeffekte genutzt, als dass wechselseitige Spezialisierungseffekte gezielt gesucht würden. Vorteile ergeben sich in der Vermarktung durch eine gemeinsame Dachmarke sowie im sozialen und privaten Bereich

Mixed topological semimetals driven by orbital complexity in two-dimensional ferromagnets

The concepts of Weyl fermions and topological semimetals emerging in three-dimensional momentum space are extensively explored owing to the vast variety of exotic properties that they give rise to. On the other hand, very little is known about semimetallic states emerging in two-dimensional magnetic materials, which present the foundation for both present and future information technology. Here, we demonstrate that including the magnetization direction into the topological analysis allows for a natural classification of topological semimetallic states that manifest in two-dimensional ferromagnets as a result of the interplay between spin-orbit and exchange interactions. We explore the emergence and stability of such mixed topological semimetals in realistic materials, and point out the perspectives of mixed topological states for current-induced orbital magnetism and current-induced domain wall motion. Our findings pave the way to understanding, engineering and utilizing topological semimetallic states in two-dimensional spin-orbit ferromagnets

Formation of the coherent heavy fermion liquid at the 'hidden order' transition in URu2Si2

In this article we present high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) spectra of the heavy-fermion superconductor URu$_2$Si$_2$. Measurements as a function of both excitation energy and temperature allow us to disentangle a variety of spectral features, revealing the evolution of the low energy electronic structure across the hidden order transition. Already above the hidden order transition our measurements reveal the existence of weakly dispersive states below the Fermi level that exhibit a large scattering rate. Upon entering the hidden order phase, these states transform into a coherent heavy fermion liquid that hybridizes with the conduction bands.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

In-Depth Assessment of the EU Member States’ Submissions for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive under articles 8, 9 and 10 on Hydrographical Conditions Descriptor 7

According to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), in 2012 Member States had to report on the initial assessment of their marine waters (art. 8), on the determination of good environmental status (art. 9) and on the establishment of environmental targets and associated indicators (art. 10). At the request of DG Environment, the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission has carried out an in-depth assessment (IDA) of the reporting done by Member States. This document presents the result of this IDA for MSFD Descriptor 7 (Permanent alteration of hydrographical conditions does not adversely affect marine ecosystems), carried out on the basis of reporting from the following Member States (MS): Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. The aims of the IDA were: i) to evaluate comparability and coherence of methods and in particular their relation to the assessments under other European and international frames and the latest scientific evidence, ii) to provide recommendations for improved implementation of the MSFD in the second cycle (2018) and iii) to support the review and the possible revision of the Commission Decision (2010/477/EU). In this IDA document, relevant issues are addressed, followed by suggestions and potential actors regarding the MSFD Descriptor 7.JRC.H.1-Water Resource

PBPK Models for CYP3A4 and P-gp DDI Prediction : A Modeling Network of Rifampicin, Itraconazole, Clarithromycin, Midazolam, Alfentanil, and Digoxin

According to current US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidance documents, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a powerful tool to explore and quantitatively predict drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and may offer an alternative to dedicated clinical trials. This study provides whole-body PBPK models of rifampicin, itraconazole, clarithromycin, midazolam, alfentanil, and digoxin within the Open Systems Pharmacology (OSP) Suite. All models were built independently, coupled using reported interaction parameters, and mutually evaluated to verify their predictive performance by simulating published clinical DDI studies. In total, 112 studies were used for model development and 57 studies for DDI prediction. 93% of the predicted area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) ratios and 94% of the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) ratios are within twofold of the observed values. This study lays a cornerstone for the qualification of the OSP platform with regard to reliable PBPK predictions of enzyme-mediated and transportermediated DDIs during model-informed drug development. All presented models are provided open-source and transparently documented

Decoupled sedimentary records of combustion : causes and implications

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, [year]. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 43 (2016): 5098–5108, doi:10.1002/2016GL069253.Pyrogenic carbon (PyC) is a collective term for carbon-rich residues comprised of a continuum of products arising from biomass burning and fossil-fuel combustion. PyC is ubiquitous in the environment where it can be transported by wind and water before being deposited in aquatic sediments. We compare results from four different methods used to trace PyC that were applied to a high-temporal resolution sedimentary record in order to constrain changes in PyC concentrations and fluxes over the past ~250 years. We find markedly discordant records for different PyC tracers, particularly during the preindustrial age, implying different origins and modes of supply of sedimentary PyC. In addition to providing new insights into the composition of sedimentary combustion products, this study reveals that elucidation of past combustion processes and development of accurate budgets of PyC production and deposition on local to regional scales requires careful consideration of both source characteristics and transport processes.UZH; NSF Grant Numbers: OCE-9708478, CHE-00891722016-11-3

Editorial: vision in cephalopods: part II

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