Comparison and phylogenetic analysis based on the B2L gene of orf virus from goats and sheep in China during 2009-2011

As a zoonotic infectious disease, orf outbreaks have been reported in China in recent years. However, molecular epidemiology analysis has not been performed for Chinese orf virus (ORFV) strains. Here, we have identified 13 ORFVs from goats and sheep in China between 2009 and 2011. Thirty-four complete B2L sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree to elucidate the molecular epidemiology of ORFV in China. Nucleotide sequences of B2L genes of clinical samples and attenuated vaccine strains were aligned and compared. Three genotypes were found by molecular epidemiology analysis. Amino acid substitutions were dispersed among B2 polypeptides from wild and attenuated ORFV strains. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00705-013-1946-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Joint Subcarrier and Power Allocation Method in Wireless Powered Communication Networks for OFDM Systems

We investigate wireless powered communication network for OFDM systems, where a hybrid access point (H-AP) broadcasts energy signals to users in the downlink, and the users transmit information signals to the H-AP in the uplink based on an orthogonal frequency division multiple access scheme. We consider a full-duplex H-AP which simultaneously transmits energy signals and receives information signals, and a perfect self-interference cancelation where the H-AP fully eliminates its self interference. In this scenario, we address a joint subcarrier scheduling and power allocation problem to maximize the sum-rate. In general, the problem is on-convex due to subcarrier scheduling, and thus it requires an exhaustive search method, which is prohibitively complicated to obtain the globally optimal solution. In order to reduce the complexity, we jointly optimize subcarrier scheduling and power allocation by applying the Lagrange duality method. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm exhibits only negligible sum-rate performance loss compared to the optimal exhaustive search algorithm and a significant performance gain over conventional scheme

Joint Subcarrier and Power Allocation Methods in Full Duplex Wireless Powered Communication Networks for OFDM Systems

In this paper, we investigate wireless powered communication network for OFDM systems, where a hybrid access point ( H-AP) broadcasts energy signals to users in the downlink, and the users transmit information signals to the H-AP in the uplink based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access. We consider a full-duplex H-AP which simultaneously transmits energy signals and receives information signals. In this scenario, we address a joint subcarrier scheduling and power allocation problem to maximize the sum-rate under two cases: perfect self-interference cancelation ( SIC) where the H-AP fully eliminates its self-interference ( SI) and imperfect SIC where residual SI exists. In general, the problems for both cases are nonconvex due to the subcarrier scheduling, and thus it requires an exhaustive search method, which is prohibitively complicated to obtain an optimal solution. In order to reduce the complexity, for the perfect SIC scenario, we jointly optimize subcarrier scheduling and power allocation by applying the Lagrange duality method. Next, for the imperfect SIC case, the problem becomes more complicated due to the SI at the H-AP. To solve this problem, we propose an iterative algorithm based on the projected gradient method. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm for the case of perfect SIC exhibits almost the same sum-rate performance compared to the optimal algorithm, and the proposed iterative algorithm for the imperfect SIC case offers a significant performance gain over conventional schemes

Cost-Effective Silicon Vertical Diode Switch for Next-Generation Memory Devices

In this letter, a cost-effective vertical diode scheme for next-generation memory devices, including phase-change memories (PCMs), is realized. After the contact formation for diodes with only one mask layer, an amorphous silicon (a-Si) film was deposited within the contacts using SiH4 ramp-up ambient in a conventional batch-type furnace in order to minimize the growth of native oxide. A deposition/etch-back/deposition scheme enabled us to achieve robust vertical diodes without any seams or interfacial oxide layer within the vertical diode pillars. Subsequent annealing at 600 degrees C provided solid-phase epitaxial alignment of the a-Si layer. An ideality factor revealed that the new scheme provided noticeable crystallinity of the silicon diodes. Moreover, the electrical characteristics of the diodes verified that the scheme was suitable for full operation of PCM devices