Evaluación de los efectos anti-inflamatorio y anti-artrítico de algunos extractos de plantas

The objective of the present research was to study the anti-inflammatory activity of sweet basil flowers, leaves of eucalyptus and the aerial parts of celery and sage on acute inflammation along with the effect of a methanol extract of celery, sage and eucalyptus on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. The effect of the methanol extract of celery, sage and eucalyptus on certain biochemical parameters in adjuvant arthritis and its safety in liver and kidney functions were evaluated. The fatty acids, hydrocarbons and phytosterols of all plants under investigation were studied. The results revealed a marked anti-inflammatory activity of all the studied plant extracts with different degrees ranging from 47 to 62%. The methanol extract of celery, sage and eucalyptus showed improvement in the level of plasma malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α and uric acid and also showed significant improvements in body weight and total food intake. The methanol extract of celery, sage and eucalyptus showed complete safety for liver and kidney functions. α-Linolenic acid and linoleic acid were present in all the studied plants. Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were present in all the studied plants.El objetivo de la presente investigación ha sido estudiar la actividad anti-inflamatoria de flores de albahaca dulces, hojas de eucalipto, hojas de apio y salvia. Se ha estudiado el efecto sobre la inflamación aguda de extractos metanólicos de apio, salvia y eucalipto y sobre la artritis inducida en ratas. Se han evaluado los efectos de los extractos metanólicos de apio, salvia y eucalipto sobre los parámetros bioquímicos determinados en la artritis inducida y su seguridad en las funciones del hígado y el riñón. Se han estudiado los ácidos grasos, hidrocarburos y fitoesteroles de todas las plantas objeto de la investigación. Los resultados han revelado una actividad antiinflamatoria de los extractos de las plantas estudiadas con diferentes grados entre un 47 y un 62%. Los extractos metanólico de apio, de salvia y de eucalipto han mostrado una mejoría de los niveles de malondialdehído en plasma, factor de necrosis tumoral α y de ácido úrico, también se muestra una mejoría significativa en el peso corporal y en la ingesta total de alimentos. Los extractos metanólicos de apio, de salvia y de eucalipto han mostrado una total seguridad sobre la función hepática y renal. Los ácidos α-linolénico y linoleico estaban presentes en todas las plantas estudiadas así como los esteroles Estigmasterol y β-sitosterol

The epaxial-hypaxial subdivision of the avian somite

AbstractIn all jaw-bearing vertebrates, three-dimensional mobility relies on segregated, separately innervated epaxial and hypaxial skeletal muscles. In amniotes, these muscles form from the morphologically continuous dermomyotome and myotome, whose epaxial–hypaxial subdivision and hence the formation of distinct epaxial–hypaxial muscles is not understood.Here we show that En1 expression labels a central subdomain of the avian dermomyotome, medially abutting the expression domain of the lead-lateral or hypaxial marker Sim1. En1 expression is maintained when cells from the En1-positive dermomyotome enter the myotome and dermatome, thereby superimposing the En1–Sim1 expression boundary onto the developing musculature and dermis.En1 cells originate from the dorsomedial edge of the somite. Their development is under positive control by notochord and floor plate (Shh), dorsal neural tube (Wnt1) and surface ectoderm (Wnt1-like signalling activity) but negatively regulated by the lateral plate mesoderm (BMP4). This dependence on epaxial signals and suppression by hypaxial signals places En1 into the epaxial somitic programme. Consequently, the En1–Sim1 expression boundary marks the epaxial–hypaxial dermomyotomal or myotomal boundary.In cell aggregation assays, En1- and Sim1-expressing cells sort out, suggesting that the En1–Sim1 expression boundary may represent a true compartment boundary, foreshadowing the epaxial–hypaxial segregation of muscle

Green biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Acalypha wilkesiana extract control root-knot nematode

Nanoparticles nowadays are an effective control agent against most phytopathogens. However, there are many reports on their antimicrobial activity and little as a nematicide. In this study, green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using Acalypha wilkesiana aqueous leaf extract was achieved. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the crystalline structure with face-centred cubic (fcc), where is the size was nearly 20 nm. SEM images of the Ag NPs show the spherical shape and in the range from 10 to 30 nm. Various functional groups, capping, and stability agents were identified using Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nematicidal activity of biosynthesized Ag NPs conc. 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL were evaluated in vitro against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), egg hatching (6 days after) and movement after 24 and 48 h. The Ag NPs (100 µg/ml) application after 48 h was the most effective treatment that showed 53.3% of nematode mortality. Overall, the efficiency of bio-Ag NPs reduced the nematode activity, mortality, egg hatching, and movement of larvae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nematicidal action of biosynthesized Ag NPs using A. wilkesiana aqueous extract, and it could be recommended to manage the plant-parasitic nematode as it is simple, stable, cost-effective and keep the environment safe

Evolutionarily conserved morphogenetic movements at the vertebrate head-trunk interface coordinate the transport and assembly of hypopharyngeal structures

The vertebrate head trunk interface (occipital region) has been heavily remodelled during evolution, and its development is still poorly understood. In extant jawed vertebrates, this region provides muscle precursors for the throat and tongue (hypopharyngeal/hypobranchial/hypoglossal muscle precursors, HMP) that take a stereotype path rostrally along the pharynx and are thought to reach their target sites via active migration. Yet, this projection pattern emerged in jawless vertebrates before the evolution of migratory muscle precursors. This suggests that a so far elusive, more basic transport mechanism must have existed and may still be traceable today. Here we show for the first time that all occipital tissues participate in well-conserved cell movements. These cell movements are spearheaded by the occipital lateral mesoderm and ectoderm that split into two streams. The rostrally directed stream projects along the floor of the pharynx and reaches as far rostrally as the floor of the mandibular arch and outflow tract of the heart. Notably, this stream leads and engulfs the later emerging HMP, neural crest cells and hypoglossal nerve. When we (i) attempted to redirect hypobranchial/hypoglossal muscle precursors towards various attractants, (ii) placed non-migratory muscle precursors into the occipital environment or (iii) molecularly or (iv) genetically rendered muscle precursors non-migratory, they still followed the trajectory set by the occipital lateral mesoderm and ectoderm. Thus, we have discovered evolutionarily conserved morphogenetic movements, driven by the occipital lateral mesoderm and ectoderm, that ensure cell transport and organ assembly at the head trunk interface3902231246FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2006/05892-3Guy's and St. Thomas' Charitable Foundation; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); European Union (EU); UoP Faculty of Scienc

Stakeholders’ expectations in utilising financial models for public-private partnership projects

International audienceThe vertebrate head-trunk interface (occipital region) has been heavily remodelled during evolution, and its development is still poorly understood. In extant jawed vertebrates, this region provides muscle precursors for the throat and tongue (hypopharyngeal/hypobranchial/hypoglossal muscle precursors, HMP) that take a stereotype path rostrally along the pharynx and are thought to reach their target sites via active migration. Yet, this projection pattern emerged in jawless vertebrates before the evolution of migratory muscle precursors. This suggests that a so far elusive, more basic transport mechanism must have existed and may still be traceable today. Here we show for the first time that all occipital tissues participate in well-conserved cell movements. These cell movements are spearheaded by the occipital lateral mesoderm and ectoderm that split into two streams. The rostrally directed stream projects along the floor of the pharynx and reaches as far rostrally as the floor of the mandibular arch and outflow tract of the heart. Notably, this stream leads and engulfs the later emerging HMP, neural crest cells and hypoglossal nerve. When we (i) attempted to redirect hypobranchial/hypoglossal muscle precursors towards various attractants, (ii) placed non-migratory muscle precursors into the occipital environment or (iii) molecularly or (iv) genetically rendered muscle precursors non-migratory, they still followed the trajectory set by the occipital lateral mesoderm and ectoderm. Thus, we have discovered evolutionarily conserved morphogenetic movements, driven by the occipital lateral mesoderm and ectoderm, that ensure cell transport and organ assembly at the head-trunk interface