816 research outputs found
Lattice Study of Dense Matter with Two Colors and Four Flavors
We present results from a simulation of SU(2) lattice gauge theory with N_f=4
flavors of Wilson fermion and non-zero quark chemical potential mu, using the
same 12^3x24 lattice, bare gauge coupling, and pion mass in cut-off units as a
previous study with N_f=2. The string tension for N_f=4 is found to be
considerably smaller implying smoother gauge field configurations.
Thermodynamic observables and order parameters for superfluidity and color
deconfinement are studied, and comparisons drawn between the two theories.
Results for quark density and pressure as functions of mu are qualitatively
similar for N_f=2 and N_f=4; in both cases there is evidence for a phase in
which baryonic matter is simultaneously degenerate and confined. Results for
the stress-energy tensor, however, suggest that while N_f=2 has a regime where
dilute matter is non-relativistic and weakly-interacting, N_f=4 matter is
relativistic and strongly-interacting for all values of mu above onset.Comment: Horizontal axes of several figures rescaled. Version accepted for
publicatio
Application of the Maximum Entropy Method to the (2+1)d Four-Fermion Model
We investigate spectral functions extracted using the Maximum Entropy Method
from correlators measured in lattice simulations of the (2+1)-dimensional
four-fermion model. This model is particularly interesting because it has both
a chirally broken phase with a rich spectrum of mesonic bound states and a
symmetric phase where there are only resonances. In the broken phase we study
the elementary fermion, pion, sigma and massive pseudoscalar meson; our results
confirm the Goldstone nature of the pi and permit an estimate of the meson
binding energy. We have, however, seen no signal of sigma -> pi pi decay as the
chiral limit is approached. In the symmetric phase we observe a resonance of
non-zero width in qualitative agreement with analytic expectations; in addition
the ultra-violet behaviour of the spectral functions is consistent with the
large non-perturbative anomalous dimension for fermion composite operators
expected in this model.Comment: 25 pages, 13 figure
Understanding the assembly of Kepler's compact planetary systems
The Kepler mission has recently discovered a number of exoplanetary systems,
such as Kepler-11 and Kepler-32, in which ensembles of several planets are
found in very closely packed orbits (often within a few percent of an AU of one
another). These compact configurations present a challenge for traditional
planet formation and migration scenarios. We present a dynamical study of the
assembly of these systems, using an N-body method which incorporates a
parametrized model of planet migration in a turbulent protoplanetary disc. We
explore a wide parameter space, and find that under suitable conditions it is
possible to form compact, close-packed planetary systems via traditional
disc-driven migration. We find that simultaneous migration of multiple planets
is a viable mechanism for the assembly of tightly-packed planetary systems, as
long as the disc provides significant eccentricity damping and the level of
turbulence in the disc is modest. We discuss the implications of our preferred
parameters for the protoplanetary discs in which these systems formed, and
comment on the occurrence and significance of mean-motion resonances in our
simulations.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ
Probability Distribution Function of the Diquark Condensate in Two Colours QCD
We consider diquark condensation in finite density lattice SU(2). We first
present an extension of Vafa-Witten result, on spontaneous breaking of
vector-like global symmetries, that allows us to formulate a no-go theorem for
diquark condensation in a region of the chemical potential-mass parameter
space. We then describe a new technique to calculate diquark condensation at
any number of flavours directly at zero external source without using any
potentially dangerous extrapolation procedure. We apply it to the strong
coupling limit and find compelling evidences for a second order phase
transition, where a diquark condensate appears, as well as quantitative
agreement between lattice results and low-energy effective Lagrangian
calculations.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure
Numerical Portrait of a Relativistic BCS Gapped Superfluid
We present results of numerical simulations of the 3+1 dimensional Nambu -
Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model with a non-zero baryon density enforced via the
introduction of a chemical potential mu not equal to 0. The triviality of the
model with a number of dimensions d>=4 is dealt with by fitting low energy
constants, calculated analytically in the large number of colors (Hartree)
limit, to phenomenological values. Non-perturbative measurements of local order
parameters for superfluidity and their related susceptibilities show that, in
contrast to the 2+1 dimensional model, the ground-state at high chemical
potential and low temperature is that of a traditional BCS superfluid. This
conclusion is supported by the direct observation of a gap in the dispersion
relation for 0.5<=(mu a)<=0.85, which at (mu a)=0.8 is found to be roughly 15%
the size of the vacuum fermion mass. We also present results of an initial
investigation of the stability of the BCS phase against thermal fluctuations.
Finally, we discuss the effect of splitting the Fermi surfaces of the pairing
partners by the introduction of a non-zero isospin chemical potential.Comment: 41 pages, 19 figures, uses axodraw.sty, v2: minor typographical
correction
Optically Induced Second Harmonic Generation by Six-wave Mixing:Â A Novel Probe of Solute Orientational Dynamics
Mesonic Wavefunctions in the three-dimensional Gross-Neveu model
We present results from a numerical study of bound state wavefunctions in the
(2+1)-dimensional Gross-Neveu model with staggered lattice fermions at both
zero and nonzero temperature. Mesonic channels with varying quantum numbers are
identified and analysed. In the strongly coupled chirally broken phase at T=0
the wavefunctions expose effects due to varying the interaction strength more
effectively than straightforward spectroscopy. In the weakly coupled chirally
restored phase information on fermion - antifermion scattering is recovered. In
the hot chirally restored phase we find evidence for a screened interaction.
The T=0 chirally symmetric phase is most readily distinguished from the
symmetric phase at high T via the fermion dispersion relation.Comment: 18 page
Numerical Portrait of a Relativistic Thin Film BCS Superfluid
We present results of numerical simulations of the 2+1d Nambu - Jona-Lasinio
model with a non-zero baryon chemical potential mu including the effects of a
diquark source term. Diquark condensates, susceptibilities and masses are
measured as functions of source strength j. The results suggest that diquark
condensation does not take place in the high density phase mu>mu_c, but rather
that the condensate scales non-analytically with j implying a line of critical
points and long range phase coherence. Analogies are drawn with the low
temperature phase of the 2d XY model. The spectrum of the spin-1/2 sector is
also studied yielding the quasiparticle dispersion relation. There is no
evidence for a non-zero gap; rather the results are characteristic of a normal
Fermi liquid with Fermi velocity less than that of light. We conclude that the
high density phase of the model describes a relativistic gapless thin film BCS
superfluid.Comment: 37 pages, 16 figure
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