Preliminary Experiments for Demonstrating Magnetic Thrust Chamber Concept in Laser Fusion Rocket

Abstract: Laser Fusion Rocket (LFR) is an advanced propulsion system that converts inertial fusion energy into kinetic energy in magnetic thrust chamber. However, the concept of the magnetic thrust chamber had not been proved. It is necessary to demonstrate magnetic thrust chamber to develop LFR. So, we conducted preliminary experiments for demonstrating magnetic thrust chamber at Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) Database laser facility in Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE). This facility has single-beam Nd:YAG laser (the maximum energy 2.0 J). In these experiments, we measured magnetic field strength history and impulse bit. As the result, we found that the interaction between laserproduced plasma and magnetic field generates thrust. This indicates that laser-produced plasma is redirected by magnetic field. Magnetic thrust chamber is proved to have the possibility to gain thrust from laser-produced plasma

Synthesis and Properties of Hydrazine-Embedded Biphenothiazines and Application of Hydrazine-Embedded Heterocyclic Compounds to Fluorescence Cell Imaging

© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Hydrazine-embedded unsubstituted butterfly-shaped biphenothiazine and its sulfoxides were synthesized by dimerization of 1,9-dibromophenothiazine, which was prepared by realizing selective debromination at the 3,7-positions of 1,3,7,9-tetrabromophenothiazine. cis/trans-Biphenothiazine sulfoxide was selectively prepared by changing the oxidation temperature to control the inversion rate of the butterfly shape of the intermediate. Their butterfly-shapes, conformations, photophysical properties (UV-vis absorption, fluorescence), and redox properties were elucidated by X-ray analysis, DFT calculations, spectral and electrochemical measurements. Fluorescent hydrazine-embedded biphenothiazine sulfoxides and bicarbazoles were applied to cell imaging of HeLa cells. The bicarbazoles exhibited high fluorescence signals in the cells with low toxicity

Synthesis and Properties of Hydrazine-Embedded Biphenothiazines and Application of Hydrazine-Embedded Heterocyclic Compounds to Fluorescence Cell Imaging

© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Hydrazine-embedded unsubstituted butterfly-shaped biphenothiazine and its sulfoxides were synthesized by dimerization of 1,9-dibromophenothiazine, which was prepared by realizing selective debromination at the 3,7-positions of 1,3,7,9-tetrabromophenothiazine. cis/trans-Biphenothiazine sulfoxide was selectively prepared by changing the oxidation temperature to control the inversion rate of the butterfly shape of the intermediate. Their butterfly-shapes, conformations, photophysical properties (UV-vis absorption, fluorescence), and redox properties were elucidated by X-ray analysis, DFT calculations, spectral and electrochemical measurements. Fluorescent hydrazine-embedded biphenothiazine sulfoxides and bicarbazoles were applied to cell imaging of HeLa cells. The bicarbazoles exhibited high fluorescence signals in the cells with low toxicity

A Vinylogous Photocleavage Strategy Allows Direct Photocaging of Backbone Amide Structure

Side-chain modifications that respond to external stimuli provide a convenient approach to control macromolecular structure and function. Responsive modification of backbone amide structure represents a direct and powerful alternative to impact folding and function. Here, we describe a new photocaging method using histidine-directed backbone modification to selectively modify peptides and proteins at the amide N–H bond. A new vinylogous photocleavage method allows photorelease of the backbone modification and, with it, restoration of function