Isolation and Identification Studies on Potential Xylanase Producing Strain Trichoderma sp. WICC F46 Isolated from Tropical Soil

Trichoderma is one of few fungal species of high potential application as bio factory for xylanase production. During last few years increased demand have been observed on the need to isolate high efficient strains from soil sample and to use different microbiological and bioprocess engineering approaches to increase the production yield. In this work, efficient xylanase producer strain was isolated from soil and fully identified using phylogeny analysis. In order to develop an efficient submerged medium for xylanase production, media screening was carried out followed by optimization using one factor at a time (OFAT) method. After optimization of medium composition, the maximal xylanase volumetric production reached 311.71 UmL-1. This medium was composed of corn cob, peptone, magnesium sulphate, calcium chloride, and ammonium sulphate

Quality of life satisfaction among converted Kelantan Chinese Muslims

This article investigates the quality of life of the Kelantan Chinese Muslim community before and after conversion to Islam, focusing on their level of satisfaction in term of economic aspect. This research was carried out using the sequential explanatory mixed method design involving 75 respondents selected for quantitative and five respondents for qualitative. The sampling method adopted was convenience and snowball samplings. The research data was collected using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that respondents were moderately satisfied before conversion and satisfied after conversion. Besides that, there is no significant difference of quality of life before and after conversion to Islam (F = 0.868, p = 0.355) and it was not influenced by the period of conversion to Islam (F = 0.832, p = 0.589). This analysis indicates numerous respondents are still moderately satisfied in their quality of life even though the average data shows they are satisfied after conversion

Pomegranate peels waste hydrolyzate optimization by response surface methodology for bioethanol production

Unwanted agricultural waste is largely comprised of lignocellulosic substrate which could be transformed into sugars. The production of bioethanol from garbage manifested an agreeable proposal towards waste management as well as energy causation. The goal of this work is to optimize parameters for generation of bioethanol through fermentation by different yeast strains while Saccharomyces cerevisiae used as standard strain. The low cost fermentable sugars from pomegranate peels waste (PPW) were obtained by hydrolysis with HNO3 (1 to 5%). The optimum levels of hydrolysis time and temperature were elucidated via RSM (CCD) ranging from 30 to 60 min and 50 to 100 °C respectively. The result shows that optimum values (g/L) for reducing sugars was 61.45 ± 0.01 while for total carbohydrates was 236 ± 0.01. These values were found when PPW was hydrolyzed with 3% HNO3, at 75 °C for one hour. The hydrolyzates obtained from the dilute HNO3 pretreated PPW yielded a maximum of 0.43 ± 0.04, 0.41 ± 0.03 g ethanol per g of reducing sugars by both Metchnikowia sp. Y31 and M. cibodasensis Y34 at day 7 of ethanologenic experiment. The current study exhibited that by fermentation of dilute HNO3 hydrolyzates of PPW could develop copious amount of ethanol by optimized conditions

Adaptive multi-polling scheduler for QoS support of video transmission in IEEE 802.11e WLANs

The 802.11E Task Group has been established to enhance quality of service (QoS) provision for time-bounded services in the current IEEE 802.11 medium access control protocol. The QoS is introduced throughout hybrid coordination function controlled channel access (HCCA) for the rigorous QoS provision. In HCCA, the station is allocated a fixed transmission opportunity (TXOP) based on its TSPEC parameters so that it is efficient for constant bit rate streams. However, as the profile of variable bit rate traffics is inconstant, they are liable to experience a higher delay especially in bursty traffic case. In this paper, we present a dynamic TXOP assignment algorithm called adaptive multi-polling TXOP scheduling algorithm (AMTXOP) for supporting the video traffics transmission over IEEE 802.11e wireless networks. This scheme invests a piggybacked information about the size of the subsequent video frames of the uplink streams to assist the hybrid coordinator accurately assign the TXOP according to actual change in the traffic profile. The proposed scheduler is powered by integrating multi-polling scheme to further reduce the delay and polling overhead. Extensive simulation experiments have been carried out to show the efficiency of the AMTXOP over the existing schemes in terms of the packet delay and the channel utilization

Screening for ligninolytic enzyme production by white rot fungi from Malaysia using different medium

White rot fungi were extensively reviewed as one for the groups instituted as the most efficient lignin degrader in nature. However, the induction of ligninolytic production varies upon different compositions in medium used for cultivation. In the present work we report the production of ligninolytic enzymes by two white rot fungi under different medium cultivation. Those strains produced significant amounts of Lignin Peroxidase, Manganese Peroxidase and Laccase enzymes in medium containing lignin were further employed to the various medium screening studies. The predominant ligninolytic producers identified as Cerrena sp. WICC F39 and P. chrysosporium WICC F38 found to be capable of producing consortium of ligninolytic enzymes mainly laccase in higher titres than P. chrysosporium DSMZ 6909. Cerrena sp. WICC F39 was the best producers of manganese peroxidase and laccase enzymes and the secretion were most enhanced using medium 4. A medium containing 10 g L-1 glucose, 3.5 g L-1 D-glucose, 0.054 g L-1 NH4Cl, 0.136 KH2PO, 0.044 g L-1 K2SO4, 0.775 MgCl2.6H2O 0.775, 0.1 g L-1 CaCl2.2H2O, 300 g L-1 thiamine-HCl and 0.1 ml trace element solution proved optimum for the enzymatic processes. High titres of laccase and significant amount of lignin and manganese peroxidase were observed at 56.34±6.37 U L-1, 2.05±0.27 U L-1 and 3.78±0.02 U L-1. Depletion of laccase and low enzymes activities for manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase were observed for Phanerochaete WICC F39 as compared to standard strains P. chrysosporium DSMZ. Both local isolates, Phanerochaete sp. WICC F38 and Cerrena sp. WICC F39 were deposited to The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with accession no: KU141330.1 and KU 141331.1

Isolation of a New Efficient Dye Decolorizing White Rot Fungus <em>Cerrena </em> Sp. WICC F39

399-404Lignin degrading system of white rot fungi and its exploitation in the decolorization of synthetic dyes has been used in a wide array for human benefits. In this study, decolorization of two model synthetic dyes, Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Methylene Blue (MB) with the ability of Kraft lignin degradation were investigated using new fungal isolates from Malaysian soils. The most potent isolates WICC F38 and WICC F39 were selected for further investigation along with reference strain P. chrysosporium DSMZ 6909. To prove their dye decolorization capabilities, the qualitative and quantitative methods were conducted, while their potential for biodegradation of kraft lignin was carried out using gravimetric method. The degree of lignin degradation, dyes decolorization (dyes intensity reduction) and productivity of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase were studied. It was noticed that 86-88% of decolorization rate for both synthetic dyes was obtained by WICC F38 and WICC F39; respectively. However, MB showed a more decolorization rate than RB5 by the selected isolates. The efficiency of the selected fungal isolates comparisons with reference strain for decolorization rate of synthetic dyes could be ordered as follows; WICC F39> P. chrysosporium DSMZ 6909> WICC F38. The fungal decolorization capabilities in the present study were concomitant with the production of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase. The isolates under the study were identified as Phanerochaete sp. WICC F38 (ac., KU141330) and Cerrena sp. WICC F39 (ac., KU141331) using molecular identification strategy

Isolation of a New Efficient Dye Decolorizing White Rot Fungus Cerrena Sp WICC F39

Lignin degrading system of white rot fungi and its exploitation in the decolorization of synthetic dyes has been used in a wide array for human benefits. In this study, decolorization of two model synthetic dyes, Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Methylene Blue (MB) with the ability of Kraft lignin degradation were investigated using new fungal isolates from Malaysian soils. The most potent isolates WICC F38 and WICC F39 were selected for further investigation along with reference strain P. chrysosporium DSMZ 6909. To prove their dye decolorization capabilities, the qualitative and quantitative methods were conducted, while their potential for biodegradation of kraft lignin was carried out using gravimetric method. The degree of lignin degradation, dyes decolorization (dyes intensity reduction) and productivity of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase were studied. It was noticed that 86-88% of decolorization rate for both synthetic dyes was obtained by WICC F38 and WICC F39; respectively. However, MB showed a more decolorization rate than RB5 by the selected isolates. The efficiency of the selected fungal isolates comparisons with reference strain for decolorization rate of synthetic dyes could be ordered as follows; WICC F39> P. chrysosporium DSMZ 6909> WICC F38. The fungal decolorization capabilities in the present study were concomitant with the production of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase. The isolates under the study were identified as Phanerochaete sp. WICC F38 (ac., KU141330) and Cerrena sp. WICC F39 (ac., KU141331) using molecular identification strategy

Production of high cell mass of bacillus firmus using statistical medium optimization

Growing concern over agricultural losses due to nematodes infection had drawn huge interest in using biological control of Bacillus firmus as an agent to reduce the damages and increase crop yield. Bacillus firmus strains are well known for their ability to terminate nematode Meloidogyne incognita activity. They are also able to secrete beneficial enzyme for use in food, animal feed and industrial sector. Therefore, production of high cell mass for this microbeis required. Extensive study for the development of a suitable medium composition and cultivation strategy is needed. The aim of this study is to increase the biomass production of Bacillus firmus through optimization of medium composition using statistical approach. Different production media from previous literatures were screened to supports high cells growth. The best medium was found to yield the highest cell mass of about 6.27 g L-1. The composition of the medium was screened for significant factors and further being optimized using statistical method which employed Box Behnken design. The optimized mediumwas found to efficiently increased the cell mass of about 10.22 g L-1. This value is 49.85% higher compared to the unoptimized medium

Biocontrol activity of aureubasidium pullulans and candida orthopsilosis isolated from tectona grandis l. Phylloplane against aspergillus sp. In post-harvested citrus fruit

This study aimed to isolate and identify moulds from rotten Citrus sinensis post-harvests and to investigate the activity of antagonist and biocontrol activity moulds that cause citrus fruit rotting. A total of 12 mould isolates were obtained. Following the pathogenicity test, two representative mould isolates were selected and identified based on the sequence analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rDNA. Methods used in this study include isolation of fungal postharvest diseases, pathogenicity assay, antagonism assay, growth curve analysis, in vitro biocontrol assay, and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Two isolates of fungal postharvest diseases were determined as the most destructive pathogens. The biocontrol assay showed that isolates of Y1 and Y10 were capable to reduce the growth of fungal isolates K6 and K9 and mitigate up to 100% of the damage of sweet citrus fruits after 7 days of incubation. The moulds were identified as K6 (Aspergillus flavus sensu lato) and K9 (Aspergillus niger sensu lato). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Y10 yeast isolate was identified as Candida orthopsilosis, whereas the Y1 isolate had a close genetic relationship with Aureobasidium pullulans and possibly belongs to a new species. Further analysis is necessary to confirm this finding