Thioimidazolium Ionic Liquids as Tunable Alkylating Agents

Alkylating ionic liquids based on the thioimidazolium structure combine the conventional properties of ionic liquids, including low melting point and nonvolatility, with the alkylating function. Alkyl transfer occurs exclusively from the <i>S</i>-alkyl position, thus allowing for easy derivatization of the structure without compromising specificity. We apply this feature to tune the electrophilicty of the cation to profoundly affect the reactivity of these alkylating ionic liquids, with a caffeine-derived compound possessing the highest reactivity. Anion choice was found to affect reaction rates, with iodide anions assisting in the alkylation reaction through a “shuttling” process. The ability to tune the properties of the alkylating agent using the toolbox of ionic liquid chemistry highlights the modular nature of these compounds as a platform for alkylating agent design and integration in to future systems

Water-Soluble Monodisperse Core–Shell Nanorings: Their Tailorable Preparation and Interactions with Oppositely Charged Spheres of a Similar Diameter

Water-soluble monodisperse core–shell structured polymeric nanorings were robustly produced via precise self-assembly between a circular plasmid DNA (monodisperse) and monodisperse polymeric core–shell micelles; the structural parameters of the nanorings can be tailored by controlling the structural parameters of the DNA and the micelles. A study on the morphology-dependent properties of the obtained nanorings revealed that the nanorings exhibit a much higher binding affinity than their linear counterparts when interacting with oppositely charged spheres of a similar diameter. In addition, the formation of one-to-one nanoring/sphere complexes, in which the nanoring circles the equator of the sphere, was observed, which is manifested as a “host–guest” inclusion complex on the nanoscale

Construction and Regulation of a Superhydrophobic Sponge via In Situ Anchoring of a Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymer for Efficient Oil/Water Separation

In the ever-growing environmental concerns caused by crude oil spills and solvent discharges, our study pioneered an ingenious approach to fabricate superhydrophobic melamine formaldehyde (HMF) materials through in situ anchoring of a porous hyper-cross-linked polymer (HCP) and achieved stable integration of HCP on the MF surface by covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds instead of traditional adhesives. The resulting composite material exhibits exceptional performance with an oil adsorption capacity of 130 mL/g, a filtration/separation efficiency exceeding 99%, and remarkable environmental resistance and recyclability. The robust interfacial strength and high degree of cross-linking porous HCP facilitate tailorable design and easy adjustment of pore structures and ensure repeated use through simple squeezing. Notably, the hydrophobicity and porous structure of the sponge can be conveniently regulated by controlling the deposition amount of HCP, realizing a high adsorption capacity and/or efficient emulsion separation on demand. This study not only contributes to the advancement of wettability materials but also presents an efficient, versatile, and convenient method and toolbox to address diverse oil/water separation challenges, paving the way for sustainable environmental solutions and marking a significant stride toward a cleaner future

Data for the ns gene mapping

The information of molecular markers and candidate genes were listed in Table 1 and Table 3. Table 2 was the validity results of the SSRns-127 marker for MAS breeding. The pictures in Figure 1 showed the phenotypes of parental lines. Figure 2 was the genetic map of the ns gene

QTL analysis of cucumber fruit peduncle lengths at Hainan and Beijing.

<p>QTL analysis of cucumber fruit peduncle lengths at Hainan and Beijing.</p

QTLs controlling the length of cucumber fruit peduncle and their effects.

<p>QTLs controlling the length of cucumber fruit peduncle and their effects.</p

Comparison of cell morphology in the parental lines 1101 and 1694.

<p>a-b Microscopic longitudinal sections of the fruit peduncle 14 days after anthesis in line 1101 (a) and line 1694 (b) (Vb, vascular bundles; Pi, pith). The dimensions of the white outlined box is 889 μm × 889 μm, and the black bar is 250 μm. c-d The cell number (c) and cell size (d) were approximately calculated. The bars show significance calculated by the unpaired t test, P<0.05.</p

Validity of the marker UW021226 tightly linked to <i>qfpl6</i>.<i>1</i> was tested using 19 accessions of cucumber germplasm.

<p>Validity of the marker UW021226 tightly linked to <i>qfpl6</i>.<i>1</i> was tested using 19 accessions of cucumber germplasm.</p

Estimates of genetic parameters of the D-2 model at Hainan and Beijing.

<p>Estimates of genetic parameters of the D-2 model at Hainan and Beijing.</p

Cucumber fruit peduncle length (FPL) performance of two parents and their F1 progeny, and frequency distribution of FPL among different populations at Hainan in December 2014 and Beijing in May 2015.

<p>a 1101 (P1, left), 1694 (P2, middle) and their F1 (right). 1101 had longer fruit peduncles than 1694, and F1 between them. b The frequency of fruit peduncle length of P1, P2, F1 and F2 populations at Hainan in December, 2014 and Beijing in May, 2015.</p