Regulation of BMP4/Dpp retrotranslocation and signaling by deglycosylation.

During endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), the cytoplasmic enzyme N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1) is proposed to remove N-glycans from misfolded N-glycoproteins after their retrotranslocation from the ER to the cytosol. We previously reported that NGLY1 regulates Drosophila BMP signaling in a tissue-specific manner (Galeone et al., 2017). Here, we establish the Drosophila Dpp and its mouse ortholog BMP4 as biologically relevant targets of NGLY1 and find, unexpectedly, that NGLY1-mediated deglycosylation of misfolded BMP4 is required for its retrotranslocation. Accumulation of misfolded BMP4 in the ER results in ER stress and prompts the ER recruitment of NGLY1. The ER-associated NGLY1 then deglycosylates misfolded BMP4 molecules to promote their retrotranslocation and proteasomal degradation, thereby allowing properly-folded BMP4 molecules to proceed through the secretory pathway and activate signaling in other cells. Our study redefines the role of NGLY1 during ERAD and suggests that impaired BMP4 signaling might underlie some of the NGLY1 deficiency patient phenotypes

Deep reinforcement learning based edge computing for video processing

In many of 5G applications, end devices with lack of computing power often need to carry out heavy computations involving multimedia data. Edge computing has emerged as a promising solution to circumvent scarce resources at end devices, with moderate delays compared to cloud computing. In this work, we study the problem of offloading video processing tasks to edge servers. To this end, we develop a deep reinforcement learning based method for selecting either local or edge server to process video frames. We demonstrate the performance of our method through experiments with video frame transform tasks

Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 with the surface area, crystallite size, and pore size

Mesoporous TiO2 materials with various pore-size distributions were synthesized by using diblock copolymers via a sol-gel process in aqueous solution. The properties of these materials were characterized by FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XRD, DRS, BET, and BJH analysis. All particles have spherical morphology with a diameter range of 1-3 mu m. The mesoporous TiO2 materials calcined at 400 degrees C were found to have different specific surface areas-186, 2 10, and 192 m(2) g(-1) -and average pore sizes depending on the type of diblock copolymer-5.1, 6.1, and 6.4 nm-and their crystallite sizes were found to be 8.1, 8.3, and 8.8 nm. The photocatalytic activity of each sample was investigated by measuring the photodecomposition of methylene blue (MB), and the small crystallite size, large surface area, and small pore size were found to exhibit better photocatalytic activities. In addition, the photocatalytic activities of all the mesoporous TiO2 materials were found to be better than that of commercial TiO2. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Hydrphobic chain of amphiphilic dendritic polymer self-assembled membrane for adsorption of metallic ion and method for preparation thereof

PURPOSE: A metallic ion absorbing membrane and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to reuse the metallic ion absorbing membrane by eliminating metallic ions from the membrane.CONSTITUTION: A composition for a metallic ion absorbing membrane is applied and is introduced into a hydrophilic coagulating solution. Amphiphillic dendritic polymer is self-assembled on the surface of the metallic ion absorbing membrane in order to absorb heavy metallic ions from the solution. The heavy metallic ions are acid-based adjusted to be cleaned. The composition includes polymer for forming a membrane, dendritic polymer, an organic solvent, and an additive. The polymer for forming the membrane is selected from a group including polysulfone, polyimide, polyamide imide, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, and polyvinylidene fluoride.COPYRIGHT KIPO 201

Hyperbranched poly(amidoamine)/polysulfone composite membranes for Cd(II) removal from water

A composite membrane composed of hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) (HYPAM) and polysulfone (PSf) was successfully prepared to enable the removal of heavy metal ions from contaminated aqueous media. HYPAM was prepared by a one-pot reaction followed by modification with palmitoyl chloride, which included a long aliphatic chain that improved the compatibility with the hydrophobic PSf. The dendritic chelating agent HYPAM was incorporated into PSf via a phase inversion process to produce a HYPAM/PSf membrane. The resulting membrane was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The binding capacity of the HYPAM/PSf membrane toward heavy metal ions [Cd(II)] was investigated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The efficiency of Cd(II) removal was 51% and resulted from metal ion complexation by a tertiary amine of HYPAM, and primary amine and amide groups grafted onto the PSf membrane surface. Moreover, the water permeability and the bovine serum albumin (BSA) retention of the HYPAM/PSf composite membrane were as high as 18Lm h at 1bar and 85%, respectively. Under acidic conditions, the composite membrane recovered 86% of the Cd(II) ions. The findings of the present study highlight the potential for using HYPAM/PSf composite membranes as effective recyclable materials for the removal of heavy metal ions in the context of water treatment

NGLY1 Deficiency, a Congenital Disorder of Deglycosylation: From Disease Gene Function to Pathophysiology

N-Glycanase 1 (NGLY1) is a cytosolic enzyme involved in removing N-linked glycans of misfolded N-glycoproteins and is considered to be a component of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). The 2012 identification of recessive NGLY1 mutations in a rare multisystem disorder has led to intense research efforts on the roles of NGLY1 in animal development and physiology, as well as the pathophysiology of NGLY1 deficiency. Here, we present a review of the NGLY1-deficient patient phenotypes, along with insights into the function of this gene from studies in rodent and invertebrate animal models, as well as cell culture and biochemical experiments. We will discuss critical processes affected by the loss of NGLY1, including proteasome bounce-back response, mitochondrial function and homeostasis, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. We will also cover the biologically relevant targets of NGLY1 and the genetic modifiers of NGLY1 deficiency phenotypes in animal models. Together, these discoveries and disease models have provided a number of avenues for preclinical testing of potential therapeutic approaches for this disease

Endoscopically injectable and self-crosslinkable hydrogel-mediated stem cell transplantation for alleviating esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection

Esophageal stricture after extensive endoscopic submucosal dissection impairs the quality of life of patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma. Beyond the limitations of conventional treatments including endoscopic balloon dilatation and the application of oral/topical corticosteroids, several cell therapies have been recently attempted. However, such methods are still limited in clinical situations and existing setups, and the efficacies are less in some cases since the transplanted cells hardly remain at the resection site for a long time due to swallowing and peristalsis of the esophagus. Thus, a cell transplantation platform directly applicable with clinically established equipment and enabling stable retention of transplanted cells can be a promising therapeutic option for better clinical outcomes. Inspired by ascidians that rapidly self-regenerate, this study demonstrates endoscopically injectable and self-crosslinkable hyaluronate that allows both endoscopic injection in a liquid state and self-crosslinking as an in situ-forming scaffold for stem cell therapy. The pre-gel solution may compatibly be applied with endoscopic tubes and needles of small diameters, based on the improved injectability compared to the previously reported endoscopically injectable hydrogel system. The hydrogel can be formed via self-crosslinking under in vivo oxidative environment, while also exhibiting superior biocompatibility. Finally, the mixture containing adipose-derived stem cells and the hydrogel can significantly alleviate esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection (75% of circumference, 5 cm in length) in a porcine model through paracrine effects of the stem cell in the hydrogel, which modulate regenerative processes. The stricture rates on Day 21 were 79.5% ± 2.0%, 62.8% ± 1.7%, and 37.9% ± 2.9% in the control, stem cell only, and stem cell-hydrogel groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Therefore, this endoscopically injectable hydrogel-based therapeutic cell delivery system can serve as a promising platform for cell therapies in various clinically relevant situations. © 2023 The Authors. Bioengineering & Translational Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers.11Nsciescopu