The marriage market for immigrant families in Chosŏn Korea after the Imjin War: women, integration, and cultural capital

Challenging the myth of premodern Korea as ethnically homogenous, this study focuses on immigrant marriages in Chosŏn Korea following Japanese invasions (Imjin War, 1592-1598). By examining household registers and genealogies, I investigate the status of women who married into the families of Japanese and Ming Chinese immigrants and the social consequences of such marriages. The results unexpectedly indicate that immigrant families rarely intermarried, preferring integration with local families. As a means of acquiring social and cultural capital, Korean brides from elite families were vital to the success of immigrant families in forming social networks and in producing candidates for the civil service examinations, with failure to obtain such a bride proving a potential long-term obstacle to social advancement. There is a noticeable difference between families of Chinese and Japanese origin in this context due to the preference shown by Korean families for the descendants of Ming generals over Japanese defectors. Contributing to a growing number of studies that question whether the Korean family was fully "Confucianized" in the seventeenth century with a consequent decline in the status of women, this study argues that women possessed social and cultural capital and held particular value for immigrant familie

The historical background of the popularity of genealogies in Korea

The widespread trend for compiling genealogies in Korea is known to have emerged around the seventeenth century. To explain this, scholars have pointed to the influence of neo-Confucianism and similarities with Chinese genealogical traditions. However, this study focuses on the inclusionary and exclusionary forces within Korean genealogy with the former drawing more members into the genealogy and the latter resulting in fewer family members being included. In particular, this study draws attention to the selective recording of patrilineal family members and to the frequent inclusion of relatives-in-law in Korean genealogies. The social hierarchy system of premodern Korea appears to have been the most crucial factor in determining the particular features and popularity of Korean genealogies, and in this article, I draw attention to how this accounts for the differences between Korean genealogy and the genealogical traditions of other East Asian societies

The Very Dark Side of Internal Capital Markets: Evidence from Diversified Business Groups in Korea

This paper examines the capital allocation within Korean chaebol firms during the period from 1991 to 2000. We find strong evidence that, during the pre-Asian financial crisis period in the early 1990's, poorly performing firms with less investment opportunities invest more than well-performing firms with better growth opportunities. We also find the evidence of cross-subsidization among firms in the same chaebol group during the pre-crisis period. It appears that the existence of the "dark" side of internal capital markets explains most part of this striking phenomenon where "tunneling" practice has been common during the pre-crisis period. However, the inefficient capital allocation seems to disappear after the crisis as banks gain more power and market disciplines inefficient chaebol firms.

Families in the household registers of Seventeenth-century Korea : capital, urban and rural areas

Altres ajuts: NRF-2019S1A5B5A07106883Because of the Japanese (1592-1598), and Manchu (1627, 1636-1637), invasions, the seventeenth century was a turning point in the Neo-Confucian transformation of Chosŏn dynasty. Changes and continuities in Korean society and families can be seen in household registers published in the seventeenth century. Occupational records and family structures from the top to the bottom of society show that social hierarchies and governmental systems were well preserved even after the invasions. This study also highlights the value of household registers as a primary historical source for the study of Korean social and family histor

Using cellular models to inform diagnoses and predict therapeutic responses of individuals with cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) continues to be a premier disease model for genetics research by demonstrating many of the successes of molecular genetics research as well as the challenges still facing the genetics research community. Research in CF has elucidated the mechanisms underlying specific DNA variants that cause disease, leading to the development of modulator therapies that are able to very specifically and potently improve the function of specific variant versions of CFTR protein. The eventual goal of providing effective therapy to all individuals with CF will depend on the expansion of the approval of currently available drugs to all individuals who would benefit and the development of novel compounds to treat variants that are unresponsive to current modulators. These two goals will be dependent upon detailed molecular understanding of all variants found on disease associated alleles of CFTR. To this end, we have used cellular models to accurately measure CFTR function in vitro and to test the response of missense variants to CFTR small molecule drugs. The current outlook for treating CF is very optimistic as new modulators proceed through clinical trials and extend accessibility of therapies capable of treating the underlying cause of CF to a growing number of individuals

ARM MOTIONS FOR DIFFERENT TARGET POSITIONS DURING TAEKWONDO ROUNDHOUSE KICKS

The purpose of this study was to investigate arm motions for five different target positions during Taekwondo roundhouse kicks. Nine Taekwondo experts performed roundhouse kicks at a target. A 3D motion analysis was conducted. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to compare the arm motion among five conditions. This study reveals that a higher kick needs the increased vertical separation of the right and left arm (elbow and wrist) in release phase. For a longer kick at Body level, elbows should be more vertically apart and wrists should be more horizontally apart in the release phase. Both attackers and counter attackers in Taekwondo athletes can use the arm swing characteristics at different target heights and distances

ANALYSIS OF THE MOTION PLANES OF THE ‘FUNCTIONAL DOUBLE-PENDULUM’ POINTS IN GOLF

The purpose of this study was to investigate the swing characteristics of the skilled and less skilled golfers by comparing the properties of the functional swing plane (FSP) and motion planes (MPs) formed by the clubhead and key functional double-pendulum points. Twenty-seven male golfers were recruited: skilled (n = 15; handicap ? 3) and less skilled (n = 12; 12-18 handicap). The slopes and direction angles of the FSP and MPs were quantified. The skilled group was characterized by steeper MPs than the less skilled (p < 0.05). The skilled group also revealed more closed (or less open) FSP and MPs than the less skilled with an exception: the left shoulder plane. The skilled group aligned the left hand plane with the FSP closely, whereas the less skilled group aligned the left shoulder plane with the FSP

ANALYSIS OF THE TRUNK/SHOULDER COMPLEX MOTION DURING THE GOLF DRIVES USING A 5-SEGMENT TRUNK/SHOULDER MODEL

The purpose of this study was to quantify detailed trunk/shoulder complex motions during the golf drives using a new 5-segment trunk/shoulder model (pelvis, abdomen, thorax, and right/left shoulder girdles) and to describe the patterns of the relative motions of the trunk/shoulder segments. Fifteen male golfers were divided into two groups: skilled (n=8, 3-handicap or better) and less skilled (n=7, 13- to 18-handicap). The ranges of the orientation angles of the segments during the downswing were computed. In addition to the dominant rotation of the thorax, substantial frontal plane motions of the trunk segments (abdomen and thorax) and transverse plane motions of the shoulder girdles were observed. Only the frontal plane motion of the left shoulder girdle (elevation/depression) was identified as the factor which differentiated the groups

EFFECTS OF FOOT PLACEMENT ON RESULTANT JOINT MOMENTS OF LOWER EXTREMITY JOINTS DURING SQUAT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of foot placement (stance width and foot angle) on normalized sagittal- and frontal-plane resultant joint moments (NRJM) of the lower extremity joints during the squat. Forty-two participants were recruited: male (n = 21) and female (n = 21). Three-dimensional motion analysis and inverse dynamics analysis were conducted. There was a significant interaction between the stance width and foot angle on the NRJM in the sagittal plane, whereas there were significant main effects of the stance width, foot angle, and gender on the NRJM in the frontal plane