Correlates of health-related quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction: A literature review

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd Background By the increasing emphasis on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI), it is necessary to explore factors that affect HRQoL in this population. Objectives This study aimed to identify correlates of HRQoL in patients with MI. Design A literature review of the factors that affect HRQoL in patients with MI (1995–2016). Data sources Three main databases—CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsychINFO—were searched to retrieve relevant peer-reviewed articles published in English. Review methods In consultation with a medical librarian, we identified relevant MeSH terms and used them for searching the literature: health-related quality of life/quality of life/HRQoL/QoL, myocardial infarction/heart attack/MI and predict*/factor. Data elements were extracted and narratively described variables synthesised into four categories. Results A total of 48 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Correlates of HRQoL in patients with MI were identified in the following categories: demographic, behavioural, disease-related, and psychosocial factors. Specific correlates included age and gender-identity for demographic factors; physical activity and smoking for behavioural factors; severity of MI, symptoms, and comorbidities for disease-related factors; anxiety and depression for psychosocial factors. Conclusions Identifying correlates of HRQoL can help identify patients who are at risk for poor HRQoL in the recovery or rehabilitation stage of post-MI. Future intervention should focus on adjustable correlates such as behavioural and psychosocial factors to promote HRQoL among patients after experiencing MI

Predictors of health-related quality of life in korean patients with myocardial infarction: a longitudinal observational study

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Background: Experience of myocardial infarction (MI) negatively affects different aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Objectives: This study aimed to examine trends in HRQoL of MI patients and to identify demographic, clinical and psychosocial predictors of HRQoL at three months. Methods: A total of 150 patients in South Korea were completed the study questionnaires at baseline. After three months from discharge, 136 participants completed follow-up questionnaires, including the Korean version of the MacNew Quality of Life after Myocardial Infarction Questionnaire (MacNew). Results: HRQoL significantly improved over three months. Younger age, ST-elevation MI, and higher LVEF, lower level of depression, better understanding of the illness and higher perceived social support at baseline were associated with better HRQoL at three months. Conclusion: Providing adequate information about the illness and social support as well as reducing negative psychological experiences in early days after MI may improve HRQoL of MI patients

The use of an online support group for neuromuscular disorders: a thematic analysis of message postings

Purpose: People affected by neuromuscular disorders can experience adverse psychosocial consequences and difficulties accessing information and support. Online support groups provide new opportunities for peer support. The aim of this study was to understand how contributors used the message board function of a newly-available neuromuscular disorders online support group. Methods: Message postings (n=1,951) from the first five months of the message board of a newly-formed online support group for neuromuscular disorders hosted by a charitable organisation were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Members created a sense of community through disclosing personal information, connecting with people with similar illness experiences or interests, welcoming others, and sharing aspirations for the development of a resourceful community. Experiences, emotional reactions and support were shared in relation to: delayed diagnosis; symptom interpretation; illness management and progression; the isolating impact of rare disorders; and the influence of social and political factors on illness experiences. Conclusions: This study provided a novel insight into individuals’ experiences of accessing a newly-available online support group for rare conditions hosted by a charitable organisation. The findings highlight how the online support group provided an important peer support environment for members to connect with others, exchange information and support, and engender discussion on political and social issues unique to living with often-rare neuromuscular disorders. Online support groups may therefore provide an important and easily accessible support outlet for people with neuromuscular disorders as well as a platform for empowering members to raise awareness about the impact of living with these conditions. Further research is needed to examine member motivations for using such groups and any effects of participation in greater detail

A direct method for measuring discounting and QALYs more easily and reliably

Time discounting and quality of life are two important factors in evaluations of medical interventions. The measurement of these two factors is complicated because they interact. Existing methods either simply assume one factor given, based on heuristic assumptions, or invoke complicating extraneous factors, such as risk, that generate extra biases. The authors introduce a method for measuring discounting (and then quality of life) that involves no extraneous factors and that avoids distorting interactions. Their method is considerably simpler and more realistic for subjec

Anion Vacancy Regulated Sodium/Potassium Intercalation in Potassium Prussian Blue Analog Cathodes for Hybrid Sodium-Ion Batteries

Fe-based potassium Prussian blue analogs (K-PBAs) are commonly used as K-ion battery (KIB) cathodes. Interestingly, K-PBAs are appealing cathodes for Na-ion batteries (NIBs). In a hybrid NIB cell, where Na-ion is in the electrolyte and K-ion is in the PBA cathode, cation intercalation and electrochemical performance of the cathode can be significantly affected by [Fe(CN)6]4− anion vacancy. This work studies the effect of anion vacancy in K-PBAs on regulating K-ion/Na-ion intercalation mechanism in hybrid NIB cells, by comparing two K-PBA cathodes with different vacancy contents. The results demonstrate that introducing a level of anion vacancy can maximize the number of K-ion intercalation sites and enhance K-ion diffusion in the PBA framework. This facilitates K-ion intercalation and suppresses Na-ion intercalation, resulting in a K-ion-dominated and high-discharge-voltage ion storage process in the hybrid NIB cell. The K-PBA cathode with 20% anion vacancy delivers 128 mAh g−1 at 25 mA g−1 and 67 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1, as well as retains 89% and 81% capacity after 100 and 300 cycles, respectively. It completely outperforms the counterpart with 7% anion vacancy, which exhibits increased Na-ion intercalation but overall deteriorated ion storage

Screening for inborn errors of metabolism in high-risk children: a 3-year pilot study in Zhejiang Province, China

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been available in China for 8 years. This technique makes it possible to screen for a wide range of previously unscreened inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) using a single test. This 3-year pilot study investigated the screening, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of IEM in symptomatic infants and children.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>All children encountered in the Newborn Screening Center of Zhejiang Province during a 3-year period with symptoms suspicious for IEM were screened for metabolic diseases. Dried blood spots were collected and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. The diagnoses were further confirmed by clinical symptoms and biochemical analysis. Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and primary carnitine deficiency were confirmed by DNA analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 11,060 symptomatic patients (6,720 boys, 4,340 girls) with a median age of 28.8 months (range: 0.04-168.2 months) were screened. Among these, 62 were diagnosed with IEM, with a detection rate of 0.56%. Thirty-five were males and 27 females and the median age was 3.55 months (range 0.07-143.9 months). Of the 62 patients, 27 (43.5%) had aminoacidemias, 26 (41.9%) had organic acidemias and nine (14.5%) had fatty acid oxidation disorders.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Because most symptomatic patients are diagnosed at an older age, mental retardation and motor delay are difficult to reverse. Additionally, poor medication compliance reduces the efficacy of treatment. More extensive newborn screening is thus imperative for ensuring early diagnosis and enhancing the treatment efficacy of IEM.</p

Task-evoked pupillary responses track precision-weighted prediction errors and learning rate during interceptive visuomotor actions.

This is the final version. Available from Nature Research via the DOI in this record.Data availability: All relevant data and code are available online from: https://osf.io/z96q8/.In this study, we examined the relationship between physiological encoding of surprise and the learning of anticipatory eye movements. Active inference portrays perception and action as interconnected inference processes, driven by the imperative to minimise the surprise of sensory observations. To examine this characterisation of oculomotor learning during a hand-eye coordination task, we tested whether anticipatory eye movements were updated in accordance with Bayesian principles and whether trial-by-trial learning rates tracked pupil dilation as a marker of 'surprise'. Forty-four participants completed an interception task in immersive virtual reality that required them to hit bouncing balls that had either expected or unexpected bounce profiles. We recorded anticipatory eye movements known to index participants' beliefs about likely ball bounce trajectories. By fitting a hierarchical Bayesian inference model to the trial-wise trajectories of these predictive eye movements, we were able to estimate each individual's expectations about bounce trajectories, rates of belief updating, and precision-weighted prediction errors. We found that the task-evoked pupil response tracked prediction errors and learning rates but not beliefs about ball bounciness or environmental volatility. These findings are partially consistent with active inference accounts and shed light on how encoding of surprise may shape the control of action.Leverhulme Trus

SILAC-based proteomic quantification of chemoattractant-induced cytoskeleton dynamics on a second to minute timescale

Cytoskeletal dynamics during cell behaviours ranging from endocytosis and exocytosis to cell division and movement is controlled by a complex network of signalling pathways, the full details of which are as yet unresolved. Here we show that SILAC-based proteomic methods can be used to characterize the rapid chemoattractant-induced dynamic changes in the actin–myosin cytoskeleton and regulatory elements on a proteome-wide scale with a second to minute timescale resolution. This approach provides novel insights in the ensemble kinetics of key cytoskeletal constituents and association of known and novel identified binding proteins. We validate the proteomic data by detailed microscopy-based analysis of in vivo translocation dynamics for key signalling factors. This rapid large-scale proteomic approach may be applied to other situations where highly dynamic changes in complex cellular compartments are expected to play a key role

Papillary renal cell carcinoma with metastatic laparoscopic port site and vaginal involvement: a case report

10.1186/1752-1947-5-131Journal of Medical Case Reports513