902 research outputs found
Genetic Polymorphism in Evolving Population
We present a model for evolving population which maintains genetic
polymorphism. By introducing random mutation in the model population at a
constant rate, we observe that the population does not become extinct but
survives, keeping diversity in the gene pool under abrupt environmental
changes. The model provides reasonable estimates for the proportions of
polymorphic and heterozygous loci and for the mutation rate, as observed in
nature
Tangled banks: A landscape genomic evaluation of Wallace's Riverine barrier hypothesis for three Amazon plant species
Wallace's Riverine Barrier hypothesis is one of the earliest biogeographic explanations for Amazon speciation, but it has rarely been tested in plants. In this study, we used three woody Amazonian plant species to evaluate Wallace's Hypothesis using tools of landscape genomics. We generated unlinked single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from the nuclear genomes of 234 individuals (78 for each plant species) across 13 sampling sites along the Rio Branco, Brazil, for Amphirrhox longifolia (8,075 SNPs), Psychotria lupulina (9,501 SNPs) and Passiflora spinosa (14,536 SNPs). Although significantly different migration rates were estimated between species, the population structure data do not support the hypothesis that the Rio Branco—an allopatric barrier for primates and birds—is a significant genetic barrier for Amphirrhox longifolia, Passiflora spinosa or Psychotria lupulina. Overall, we demonstrated that medium‐ sized rivers in the Amazon Basin, such as the Rio Branco, are permeable barriers to gene flow for animal‐dispersed and animal‐pollinated plant species.National Science Foundation, NASAFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Grant/Award Number: 2013/12633‐8, 2015/07141‐4, 2017/02302‐5 and 2012/50260‐6; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Grant/Award Number: 310871/2017‐4; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Grant/Award Number: 88881.064974/2014‐01; National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: FESD 1338694 and DEB 1240869; Universidade de São PauloPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148338/1/Nazareno2019.pdf85Description of Nazareno2019.pdf : Main articl
Extrauterine listeriosis in the gravid mouse influences embryonic growth and development
Gravid mice and other rodents inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes typically fail to clear an intrauterine infection and either succumb or expel their intrauterine contents. We took advantage of this property to investigate the effects of an extrauterine infection on parameters of pregnancy success. Pregnant mice were selected for our study if they showed no clinical signs of listeriosis following oral inoculation at 7.5 gestational days (gd), and had no detectable intrauterine colony forming units (cfu) at near term (18.5 gd). The range of oral doses employed was 10(6)-10(8) cfu per mouse for two listerial serotype strains (4nonb and 1/2a). At all doses, inoculation resulted in a decrease in average near-term (18.5 gd) fetal weight per litter compared to sham inoculated controls. Additionally, embryonic death (indicated by intrauterine resorptions) was exhibited by some inoculated mice but was absent in all sham inoculated animals. In parallel experiments designed to detect possible loss of placental function, gravid uteruses were examined histopathologically and microbiologically 96 h after oral inoculation. Placental lesions were associated with high (> 10(6)), but not low (< 10(2)) or absent intrauterine cfu. In vitro, mouse embryonic trophoblasts were indistinguishable from mouse enterocytes in terms of their sensitivity to listerial exposure. A model consistent with our observations is one in which products (host or bacterial) generated during an acute infection enter embryos transplacentally and influences embryonic survival and slows normal growth in utero
Patterns of isozyme variation in relation to population size, isolation, and phytogeographic history in royal catchfly
The distribution of genetic variation within and among plant populations is influenced by both contemporary and historical factors. I used isozyme analysis of band phenotypes to examine genetic structure in the rare prairie forb Silene regia. Relationships between current-day population size, isolation, and phenotypic variation were assessed for 18 populations in two regions with differing postglacial history. Western populations from unglaciated southern Missouri and Arkansas were more genetically diverse based on the Shannon-Weaver index (H) and a polymorphic index than were more eastern populations. These differences may be due to loss of variation with repeated founding of new populations in previously glaciated sites in Indiana and Ohio. Within the western region, population size was not significantly correlated with genetic variation. In the east, size was correlated with Shannon-Weaver diversity. There was no relationship between variation and isolation in either region, but eastern populations were slightly more differentiated. Greater among-population differentiation and the demonstrated connection between population size and variation in the eastern sites may reflect lower levels of interpopulation gene flow in the fragmented remnant prairies of Indiana and Ohio
Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin - Volume 17 Number 1
Alumnae Notes
Committee Reports
Digest of Alumnae Association Meetings
Greetings from Miss Childs
Greetings from the Educational Director
Greetings from the President
Graduation Awards - 1951
Jefferson\u27s New Hospital Addition
Marriages
Necrology
Neurosurgery Department
New Arrivals New Drugs
Notes on the Cause of Leukemia
Nursing Staff
Saul Among the Prophets
Staff Activities, 1951-1952
Students\u27 Corner
The Hospital Pharmacy
The Student Nurse Association of Pennsylvania
White Haven and Barton Memorial Division
Ground state at high density
Weak limits as the density tends to infinity of classical ground states of
integrable pair potentials are shown to minimize the mean-field energy
functional. By studying the latter we derive global properties of high-density
ground state configurations in bounded domains and in infinite space. Our main
result is a theorem stating that for interactions having a strictly positive
Fourier transform the distribution of particles tends to be uniform as the
density increases, while high-density ground states show some pattern if the
Fourier transform is partially negative. The latter confirms the conclusion of
earlier studies by Vlasov (1945), Kirzhnits and Nepomnyashchii (1971), and
Likos et al. (2007). Other results include the proof that there is no Bravais
lattice among high-density ground states of interactions whose Fourier
transform has a negative part and the potential diverges or has a cusp at zero.
We also show that in the ground state configurations of the penetrable sphere
model particles are superposed on the sites of a close-packed lattice.Comment: Note adde
High genetic diversity at the extreme range edge: nucleotide variation at nuclear loci in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Scotland
Nucleotide polymorphism at 12 nuclear loci was studied in Scots pine populations across an environmental gradient in Scotland, to evaluate the impacts of demographic history and selection on genetic diversity. At eight loci, diversity patterns were compared between Scottish and continental European populations. At these loci, a similar level of diversity (θsil=~0.01) was found in Scottish vs mainland European populations, contrary to expectations for recent colonization, however, less rapid decay of linkage disequilibrium was observed in the former (ρ=0.0086±0.0009, ρ=0.0245±0.0022, respectively). Scottish populations also showed a deficit of rare nucleotide variants (multi-locus Tajima's D=0.316 vs D=−0.379) and differed significantly from mainland populations in allelic frequency and/or haplotype structure at several loci. Within Scotland, western populations showed slightly reduced nucleotide diversity (πtot=0.0068) compared with those from the south and east (0.0079 and 0.0083, respectively) and about three times higher recombination to diversity ratio (ρ/θ=0.71 vs 0.15 and 0.18, respectively). By comparison with results from coalescent simulations, the observed allelic frequency spectrum in the western populations was compatible with a relatively recent bottleneck (0.00175 × 4Ne generations) that reduced the population to about 2% of the present size. However, heterogeneity in the allelic frequency distribution among geographical regions in Scotland suggests that subsequent admixture of populations with different demographic histories may also have played a role
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Outcomes in patients with gunshot wounds to the brain.
Introduction:Gunshot wounds to the brain (GSWB) confer high lethality and uncertain recovery. It is unclear which patients benefit from aggressive resuscitation, and furthermore whether patients with GSWB undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have potential for survival or organ donation. Therefore, we sought to determine the rates of survival and organ donation, as well as identify factors associated with both outcomes in patients with GSWB undergoing CPR. Methods:We performed a retrospective, multicenter study at 25 US trauma centers including dates between June 1, 2011 and December 31, 2017. Patients were included if they suffered isolated GSWB and required CPR at a referring hospital, in the field, or in the trauma resuscitation room. Patients were excluded for significant torso or extremity injuries, or if pregnant. Binomial regression models were used to determine predictors of survival/organ donation. Results:825 patients met study criteria; the majority were male (87.6%) with a mean age of 36.5 years. Most (67%) underwent CPR in the field and 2.1% (n=17) survived to discharge. Of the non-survivors, 17.5% (n=141) were considered eligible donors, with a donation rate of 58.9% (n=83) in this group. Regression models found several predictors of survival. Hormone replacement was predictive of both survival and organ donation. Conclusion:We found that GSWB requiring CPR during trauma resuscitation was associated with a 2.1% survival rate and overall organ donation rate of 10.3%. Several factors appear to be favorably associated with survival, although predictions are uncertain due to the low number of survivors in this patient population. Hormone replacement was predictive of both survival and organ donation. These results are a starting point for determining appropriate treatment algorithms for this devastating clinical condition. Level of evidence:Level II
Mental fortitude training: An evidence-based approach to developing psychological resilience for sustained success
Drawing on the body of knowledge in this area, this article presents an evidence-based approach to developing psychological resilience for sustained success. To this end, the narrative is divided into three main sections. The first section describes the construct of psychological resilience and explains what it is. The second section outlines and discusses a mental fortitude training™ program for aspiring performers. The third section provides recommendations for practitioners implementing this program. It is hoped that this article will facilitate a holistic and systematic approach to developing resilience for sustained success
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