Collective Sensemaking About the Implementation of Two Multi-Tiered Systems of Support: A Comparative Case Study of Two Selected Elementary School Teams

Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS) and Response to Intervention (RTI) provide two examples of multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS). Over several decades, MTSS developed as policy-based initiatives intended to increase equity, access, and quality of education. These initiatives integrate school and classroom practices for improving academic and social/behavioral development for all students. However, studies indicate continued implementation problems within each system across all levels of intervention. Such results signal concerns about implementation capacity for the intent of both MTSS policies\u27 regarding educational access, equity and quality. Literature indicates that policy intent is converted at the micro, or school, level into models and practices. As school teams are charged with implementing RTI and PBIS, questions arise concerning how these teams make sense of the two initiatives. This study utilized a multiple case study method to examine the collective sensemaking of RTI and PBIS team members within two selected elementary schools. Both schools\u27 faculty defined RTI and PBIS only through Tiers 1 and 2, likely as a result of district structures and resources. The two cases provide similar interpretations of multiple, disparate teams for addressing academic versus behavioral needs. Thus, each school implemented two separate teams. One school\u27s RTI and PBIS teams employed frequent opportunities for distributed cognition and leadership through communities of practice, further supporting a continuum of student needs in Tiers 1 and 2. This school\u27s teams supported a databased decision-making approach, but only one of the other school\u27s teams espoused and demonstrated data literacy for making decisions

Karak syndrome: a novel degenerative disorder of the basal ganglia and cerebellum

Two brothers are reported with early onset progressive cerebellar ataxia, dystonia, spasticity, and intellectual decline. • Neuroradiology showed cerebellar atrophy and features compatible with iron deposition in the putamen (including the “eye of the tiger sign”) and substantia nigra. • Diagnosis was compatible with pantothenate kinase associated neuropathy resulting from pantothenate kinase 2 mutation (PKAN due to PANK2) but linkage to PNAK2 was eliminated suggesting Karak syndrome to be a novel disorder. • The “eye of the tiger” sign has previously only been reported to occur in PKAN due to PKAN

Roughage production in New Hampshire, Bulletin, no. 273

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

The brown-tail moth in New Hampshire, Bulletin, no. 107

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Results of seed tests for 1923, Bulletin, no. 211

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

A history of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station 1887-1987, Station Bulletin, no.529

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

The pernicious or San Jose scale insect in New Hampshire, Bulletin, no. 109

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

An economic study of dairy farming in Grafton County, New Hampshire, 1930, Bulletin, no. 260

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Insect record for 1902, Bulletin, no. 102

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Result of seed test for 1924, Bulletin, no. 215

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire