Modeling solar desalination with reverse osmosis (RO) powered by concentrating solar power (CSP) plan

This article deals with the desalination of seawater and brackish water, which can deal with the problem of water scarcity that threatens certain countries in the world; it is now possible to meet the demand for drinking water.  Currently,  among  the  various  desalination  processes,  the  reverse  osmosis  technique  is  the  most  used. Electrical energy consumption is the most attractive factor in the cost of operating seawater by reverse osmosis in desalination plants.  Desalination  of  water by  solar  energy  can be  considered  as a  very  important  drinking  water alternative.  For  determining  the  electrical  energy  consumption  of  a  single  reverse  osmosis  module,  we  used  the  System  Advisor  Model  (SAM)  to  determine  the  technical  characteristics  and  costs  of  a  parabolic  cylindrical installation and Reverse Osmosis System Analysis (ROSA) to obtain the electrical power of a single reverse osmosis module. The electrical power of a single module is 4101 KW; this is consistent with the manufacturer's data that this power must be between 3900 kW and 4300 KW. Thus, the energy consumption of the system is 4.92 KWh/m3.Thermal power produced by the solar cylindro-parabolic field during the month of May has the maximum that is 208MWth, and the minimum value during the month of April, which equals 6 MWth. Electrical power produced by the plant varied between 47MWe, and 23.8MWe. The maximum energy was generated during the month of July (1900 MWh) with the maximum energy stored (118 MWh)

(all-E)- and (5Z)-Lycopene Display Similar Biological Effects on Adipocytes

International audienceScope: Although about 90% of lycopene in dietary sourcesoccurs in the linear all transconformation,a large proportion of the lycopene found in human tissues is of the cisisomer type, notably (5Z)-lycopene. The biological effects of this (5Z) isomer have been under-researched. The aim of this study was to evaluate some biological functions of (5Z)-lycopene in adipocytes and to compare them with those of (all-E)-lycopene. Methods and results:(all-E)-and (5Z)-Lycopene displayed strong similarities in global gene expression profile and biological pathwaysimpacted. We identified PPAR signaling as a major actor mediating the effects of lycopene isomers. Transactivation assays confirmed the ability of both isomers to transactivate PPARγ. In addition, theTNFα-induced proinflammatory cytokinemRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was reduced by both isomers, via a reduction in the phosphorylation levels of p65. Finally, lycopene isomers restored the TNFα-blunted uptake of glucose by adipocytes, via a modulation of AKT phosphorylation.Conclusion: These results show that lycopene isomers exert similar biological functions in adipocytes, linked to their ability to transactivate PPARγ. These findings add to our knowledge of lycopene effects in adipocyte biology and point to the possible use of lycopene in the prevention of obesity related disorder