Workers of the World, Differentiate: Expanding Protections for Workers in the Age of Labor Antitrust

Antitrust has traditionally served consumers—how can the law regulate firms in a manner that prevents monopolization and preserves competition among sellers of goods? A recent turn in scholarship and shifting application of antitrust law from a regulatory perspective suggests the possibility for a broader expansion of antitrust protections into the labor market. Rather than considering monopoly effects in a market (where a market is dominated by a single seller), this line of work suggests a turn to focus on monopsony effects (where a market—such as a labor market—is dominated by a single buyer), and a particular focus on the risk of harm to employees created by one company dominating a labor market. Existing theoretical work on merger review regarding labor markets thus far has been in the context of traditional employees, as has been the broader consideration of antitrust’s application to labor. But the positioning of a worker that emerges from a situation like the recent attempt by publisher Penguin Random House to acquire Simon & Schuster is distinct. This Comment proposes and attempts to answer two questions: first, how can we think not only about new applications of antitrust law, but about a new category of worker? And second, how can we broadly position workers, regardless of how they may be categorized, to best respond to issues of monopsony in their relevant markets

Service-Learning and Undergraduates: Exploring Connections Between Ambiguity Tolerance, Empathy, and Motivation in an Overseas Service Trip

As service-learning becomes more common in undergraduate education, further research is needed around assessing student learning outcomes and character development. One component of high-quality service-learning is written reflection, which has the potential to capture a wealth of data on learner characteristics.  This study evaluated learners’ behavior and motivation to participate in service trips, the development of personality characteristics, and the revelation of those characteristics in reflection using Winne and Hadwin’s 1998 model of the self-regulated learner as it relates to the service-learning context.  Researchers analyzed connections between learner experiences and changes in their ambiguity tolerance, empathy, and motivation via pre- and posttest surveys and reflection data. Relationships were identified between motivation and satisfaction, as well as frequency of reflection and personal change.  The authors offer a profile of an “optimal” overseas service-learner for consideration

No-Poach Antitrust Litigation in the United States

In recent years, U.S. courts have heard numerous antitrust lawsuits challenging agreements among employers not to poach one another’s employees. The major issues so far involve labor market definition, the doctrine of ancillary restraints, the role of cross-market balancing, and the scope of the per se rule in the labor market context. The recent Seventh Circuit case of Deslandes v. McDonald’s has clarified some of these issues and will likely boost this form of litigation. But many questions remain unanswered

Iconography of the Etruscan Haruspex

The religious rituals of the Etruscans incorporated several forms of divination including the practices of extispicy and hepatoscopy, the arts of divining through the examination of sacrificed animal entrails, and specifically the liver. This practice was carried out by a religious specialist known as a haruspex. Past academic treatment of this figure is limited and lacks specific and focussed studies devoted to examining the profession of haruspicy and the individual haruspex particularly in the English language. This study aims to expand the evaluation of the haruspex figure through a detailed examination of iconography as represented by archaeological evidence. This iconography is present on such evidence as mirrors, cinerary urns and bronze figurines representing one of the most famous individuals and professions of the Etruscans. This work aims to analyse this iconography from several angles with a view to discussing a number of questions. How can an image be defined as a haruspex? Who were they and what did they look like? Where did they practice and was anyone else involved? This can be established by considering such angles as gender, gesture, context, clothing, appearance and accompanying inscriptions. Alongside this analysis is an assessment of the treatment of haruspices in ancient and modern day literature as well as an examination of the myth that surrounds the origin of haruspicy within Etruria. This combined analysis allows the social and political status of this figure to be considered while a definition of the haruspex regarding their role and representation within Etruscan society is established

Stocktaking Global Warming:The outcomes of the 2023 Dubai Climate Summit (COP28)

This briefing reviews outcomes of the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP28)held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in late 2023. In particular, it considered the first Global Stocktake [GST] of actions taken by signatory nations to the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change. The GST examined the potential impact of bottom-up national pledges on ‘greenhouse gas’ [GHG] mitigation required to limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels by the end of the 21st Century. The achievements at COP28 were mixed, and disappointed many from the climate-vulnerable states at high risk from extreme weather events and rising sea levels. There is a significant GHG emissions gap between that needed to “keep 1.5°C alive” and climate actions identified in the GST. Nonetheless, the Parties agreed to “transition away from fossil fuels in energy systems” in order to reach net zero GHG emissions (i.e., carbon neutrality) by 2050, and to triple renewable energy capacity and double energy efficiency by 2030. The present assessment sets out the background to what needs to be achieved at future annual COP summits, including the next GST at COP30 to beheld in the Brazilian city of Belém later in 2025

P15. Employing students' multilingualism and language diversity in teaching and learning

Before our innovative clinical skills session ‘Interpreting in Consultations’, we conducted an annual survey of languages spoken by students on admission, in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Froma response rate of 94% we noted that 28% of students are advanced/fluent speakers of language(s) other than English and a total of 48 languages are spoken.The session, ‘Interpreting in Consultations’, involves first and second year students who speak the same language other than English, role-playing an ‘interpreted’ consultation.Feedback from tutors and students following the session shows that using different languages serves multiple, valuable purposes, highlighting:• issues encountered with interpreters• challenges of ‘medical’ language• difficulties in transmitting a patient centred approach• how linguistic and cultural sensitivities are lost in translation.Student linguistic diversity is considerable and not used to its full potential: the single clinical skills session we report suggests there is much more to be gained. The education we design and delivermay fail to recognise what patient-centred-ness means in different languages and cultures.Future research should: consider how to make best use of multiculturalism and linguistic diversity; explore how students’ awareness of, and competence in, different languages and culturescan be developed and maintained

Stocktaking Global Warming:The outcomes of the 2023 Dubai Climate Summit (COP28)

This briefing reviews outcomes of the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP28)held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in late 2023. In particular, it considered the first Global Stocktake [GST] of actions taken by signatory nations to the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change. The GST examined the potential impact of bottom-up national pledges on ‘greenhouse gas’ [GHG] mitigation required to limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels by the end of the 21st Century. The achievements at COP28 were mixed, and disappointed many from the climate-vulnerable states at high risk from extreme weather events and rising sea levels. There is a significant GHG emissions gap between that needed to “keep 1.5°C alive” and climate actions identified in the GST. Nonetheless, the Parties agreed to “transition away from fossil fuels in energy systems” in order to reach net zero GHG emissions (i.e., carbon neutrality) by 2050, and to triple renewable energy capacity and double energy efficiency by 2030. The present assessment sets out the background to what needs to be achieved at future annual COP summits, including the next GST at COP30 to beheld in the Brazilian city of Belém later in 2025