Transparent: When Legal Fictions and Judicial Imagination Make Facts Disappear, They Enforce Transphobic Discrimination

This Article gives an example of this disproportionate impact and recommends that courts consider discrimination in hiring as relevant to whether a parent is voluntarily unemployed for the purposes of imputing income for child support determinations. Part I demonstrates how multiple judicial officers’ distraction, imagination, and misguided reliance on legal fictions, rather than on the facts of the individual’s life, made injustice real in Kim’s life. It attempts to understand judges’ unarticulated reasoning through a re-created conversation. Part II discusses legal treatment of transgender people in general. Part III suggests legal recommendations to promote clearer thinking and more rational decisions within the courts regarding the distracting and emotionally charged issues surrounding transgender individuals. Specifically, I suggest that the legal fiction that permits courts to impute income to unemployed parents should change to explicitly recognize discrimination in hiring. Courts should adopt an evidentiary rule accepting self-reports of gender identity. To facilitate legal thinking that transcends simplistic binary models of human experience, judges should make an effort to understand more about trans people. Judges should also adopt a simple schema for understanding the distinct categories of sex, gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation. Judges should be evaluated according to their ability to prioritize facts (here, discrimination against transgender people in hiring, which leads to unemployment) over legal fictions (here, a parent able to work but not working is voluntarily unemployed, rather than the target of discrimination in hiring). Finally, judges should be evaluated for their ability to prioritize facts over their own fears

Der Zusammenhang zwischen Schmerzmedikation, Schmerzstärke und Depression bei älteren multimorbiden Patienten

Chronischer Schmerz gehört zu den häufigsten und stärksten gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen, insbesondere im höheren Lebensalter. Psychische Erkrankungen wie Depression beeinflussen das Auftreten von chronischen Schmerzen. Insbesondere bei älteren, multimorbiden Patienten in der Primärversorgung wurden diese Zusammenhänge noch wenig untersucht. Wie häufig treten chronische Schmerzen bei älteren multimorbiden Patienten in der Primärversorgung auf, wie werden diese behandelt, gibt es Zusammenhänge mit dem Vorhandensein von Depression? Grundlage der Studie bildeten die Baseline-Daten der multizentrischen Kohortenstudie MultiCare zu 3.189 Patienten im Alter von 65-84 Jahren mit mindestens drei chronischen Erkrankungen. Die berichtete Schmerzstärke wurde mit der Graded Chronic Pain Scale und die Depression mit der Geriatric Depression Scale-15 erhoben. Das WHO-Stufenschema diente zur Klassifikation der Schmerzmedikation. Die Daten wurden deskriptiv analysiert, inferenzstatistisch getestet und mittels multivariater logistischer Regressionsverfahren näher untersucht. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Schmerzintensität und eingenommener Schmerzmedikation war hoch signifikant positiv (Kendall-Tau-b 0,340; p <0,001). Das Vorliegen einer Depression war unabhängig von der Schmerzmedikation mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit für starke Schmerzen assoziiert (OR 2,15; 95% CI 1,76-2,63). Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, ein stärkeres Schmerzmedikament einzunehmen, stieg mit dem Vorliegen einer Depression (OR 1,62; 95% CI 1,14-2,3). Bei der ärztlichen Beurteilung der Schmerzstärke und der notwendigen Verordnung von Schmerzmedikamenten bei multimorbiden Patienten sollte das Vorliegen einer Depression berücksichtigt werden

Electric properties of the Beryllium-11 system in Halo EFT

We compute E1 transitions and electric radii in the Beryllium-11 nucleus using an effective field theory that exploits the separation of scales in this halo system. We fix the leading-order parameters of the EFT from measured data on the 1/2+ and 1/2- levels in Be-11 and the B(E1) strength for the transition between them. We then obtain predictions for the B(E1) strength for Coulomb dissociation of the Be-11 nucleus to the continuum. We also compute the charge radii of the 1/2+ and 1/2- states. Agreement with experiment within the expected accuracy of a leading-order computation in this EFT is obtained. We also discuss how next-to-leading-order (NLO) corrections involving both s-wave and p-wave neutron-Be-10 interactions affect our results, and display the NLO predictions for quantities which are free of additional short-distance operators at this order. Information on neutron-Be-10 scattering in the relevant channels is inferred.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures, final versio

Attention and Behavioral Inhibition in Young Males with Fragile X Syndrome and/or Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Previous research of the behavioral phenotype in fragile X syndrome (FXS) has found that boys with FXS often have problems with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity; furthermore, recent research has found many boys with FXS have symptoms of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). Similarly, neuropsychological studies in boys with FXS have found deficits in sustained attention and inhibitory control. However, due to minimal research in this area, lack of appropriate comparison groups, and inconsistent measures, these results have yet to clarify the nature and severity of these deficits in boys with FXS. Similarities found in these disorders (i.e., FXS, AD/HD) allow an examination of these two groups to delineate AD/HD symptoms in males with FXS. This study examined sustained attention and inhibition in 57 boys with full mutation FXS, 48 boys without disabilities matched on mental-age (MA) to the boys with FXS, and 30 boys diagnosed with AD/HD using adapted visual and auditory continuous performance tests (CPTs), a standardized measure of sustained attention from the Leiter-R, and an experimental Day/Night task of inhibition. The performance of the boys with FXS who demonstrated sufficient understanding of the CPTs in order to complete the tasks was compared to the boys without disabilities, matched on mental age, and boys verified to have a diagnosis of AD/HD. Boys with FXS consistently demonstrated greater declines in inhibitory control and sustained attention over the length on the auditory and visual CPTs than the other groups. Regarding response time to hits on the CPTs, boys with FXS responded significantly slower to targets on the visual CPT, while groups did not differ on the auditory CPT. Similarly to the CPTs, the boys with FXS demonstrated greater difficulty inhibiting their automatic response on the experimental Day/Night task than the boys with AD/HD and the MA-matched peers. On the standardized measure of sustained attention, there were no significant differences between the boys with FXS and the boys with AD/HD. Furthermore, no child or family variables predicted performance on the measures of sustained attention and inhibition in boys with FXS

Cervical cancer screening history prior to a diagnosis of cervical cancer in Danish women aged 60 years and older : a national cohort study

The incidence and mortality of cervical cancer are high in Danish women aged 60 years and older who are about to exit the cervical cancer screening program. The present study aimed to describe the screening history in women ≥60 years old, diagnosed with cervical cancer in Denmark, 2009-2013. We retrieved information on cases of cervical cancer and previous cervical cancer screening from national registries. During the study period, a total of 1907 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer, 574 (30.1%) of which were ≥60 years old. The majority of women were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (73.7%) and advanced-stage disease (ASD, ie, ≥FIGO IIB; 63.1%). The proportion of ASD increased with age, from 51.9% in women aged 60-64% to 76.7% in women aged 75-79. Among screened women (n = 377), 22.8% had a cervical cytology within 5 years of diagnosis, 73.3% of which were normal, and 45.1% were diagnosed with ASD. Women who had been sufficiently screened prior to screening exit (≥2 normal cytology test in the age interval 50-59) accounted for 18.1%. Of note, 53.8% of the sufficiently screened women were diagnosed with ASD. Sufficiently screened women were less likely to be diagnosed with ASD compared to never-screened women (53.8% vs 67.5%, P < 0.020), but no difference was observed between sufficiently and insufficiently screened women (53.8% vs 63.4%, P = 0.091). Our findings suggest that cancer in older women may occur due to insufficient screening prior to screening exit, a low sensitivity of screening, and premature screening exit

Workplace Incivility and Employee Sleep: The Role of Rumination and Recovery Experiences

This study examines the role of negative work rumination and recovery experiences in explaining the association between workplace incivility and employee insomnia symptoms. Drawing on the perseverative cognition model of stress and the effort–recovery model, we hypothesize a moderated mediation model in which workplace incivility is associated with insomnia symptoms via negative work rumination. This indirect effect is proposed to be conditional on employees’ reported level of recovery experiences (i.e., psychological detachment from work and relaxation during nonwork time). In examining this model, we further establish a link between workplace incivility and sleep and identify one pathway to explain this relationship, as well as resources that may be used to halt the negative spillover of workplace incivility on sleep. Based on a sample of 699 U.S. Forest Service employees, we find support for a moderated mediation model in which the association between workplace incivility and increased insomnia symptoms via increased negative work rumination was weakest for employees reporting high levels of recovery experiences during nonwork time. Findings from the current study contribute to our understanding of why workplace incivility is associated with nonwork outcomes, as well as point to implications for interventions aimed at promoting employees’ recovery from work

Aleutian Mink Disease Virus in Free-Ranging Mink from Sweden

Aleutian mink disease (AMD) is a chronic viral disease in farmed mink and the virus (AMDV) has been found in many free-ranging mink (Neovison vison) populations in Europe and North America. In this study, AMDV DNA and AMDV antibodies were analysed in 144 free-ranging mink hunted in Sweden. Associations between being AMDV infected (defined as positive for both viral DNA and antibodies) and the weight of the spleen, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands and body condition were calculated and the sequences of ten AMDV isolates were analysed in order to characterize the genetic relationships. In total, 46.1% of the mink were positive for AMDV antibodies and 57.6% were positive for AMDV DNA. Twenty-two percent of the mink tested on both tests (n = 133) had dissimilar results. The risk of having AMDV antibodies or being positive for AMDV DNA clearly increased with age and the majority of the mink that were two years or older were infected. Few macroscopic changes were found upon necropsy. However, the relative weight of the spleen was sexually dimorphic and was found to be slightly, but significantly (p = 0.006), heavier in AMDV infected male mink than uninfected. No association between AMDV infection and body condition, weight of the kidneys, liver or adrenal glands were found. Several different strains of AMDV were found across the country. Two of the AMDV sequences from the very north of Sweden did not group with any of the previously described groups of strains. In summary, AMDV seems to be prevalent in wild mink in Sweden and may subtly influence the weight of the spleen