Seeing Slavery

This paper examines the resilience of Laura Clark, Carrie Davis, and Delia Garlic, three formerly enslaved women from Alabama whose memories and experiences during enslavement were part of a large slave narrative project called Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936 to 1938. The design exhibition, Seeing Slavery, visually communicates and portrays the accounts and portraits of the three women. Printed and embroidered fabrics visually communicate the narrative stories of these women, while their portraits are made from screen printed acrylic glass. Following an introduction, a literature review details the history of the three slave narrative projects. The literature review examines the critical responses of the slave narratives, the importance of Alabama and women within the historical context of slavery, and how fabric can be used as a medium for storytelling. A section detailing the narratives of the three women also includes criticisms and resilience found in the narratives. Artists who have approached the topic of slavery are discussed in the visual exploration section. The techniques and designs in Seeing Slavery are analyzed in the thesis section. The final section presents conclusions about the exhibition design

Dynamique des ressources au cours des 32 dernières années [1990-2022] dans la zone de FAKARA (Sud-Ouest du Niger)

La population nigérienne est estimée à 17138707 habitants dont environ 83,78% vivent en milieu rural. Les systèmes agraires ont pendant longtemps été dominés par une exploitation des ressources naturelles comme moyens de subsistance de cette population. Depuis la décennie 1990, on assiste à un amenuisement de ces ressources dont les causes sont liées à la pression anthropique et aux effets du changement climatique. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser la dynamique des ressources humaines, animales et naturelles, à partir des années 1990 et les modes de gestion qui en découlent au niveau de la zone du Fakara dans le Sud-Ouest du Niger. Pour mener cette analyse, une enquête a été menée auprès d’un échantillon composé de 354 chefs d’exploitation. Cette enquête a été conduite dans 17 villages repartis dans la zone d’étude. Les données ont été collectées au moyen de questionnaires adressés aux chefs d’exploitation sur les ressources et leur état suivant un recul historique de trente ans. L’étude révèle que la tendance à l’amenuisement des ressources naturelles notamment l’eau, la terre, les ressources forestières. La population et les ressources animales connaissent une augmentation en lien avec l’accroissement démographique générale et l’importance que révèle la pratique de l’élevage dans cette zone.   The population of Niger is estimated at 17,138,707 inhabitants, of whom about 83.78% live in rural areas. Agrarian systems have long been dominated by the exploitation of natural resources as the means of subsistence for the population. Since the 1990s, we have been witnessing a reduction in these resources whose causes are linked to anthropogenic pressure and the effects of climate change. The objective of this study is to analyze the dynamics of human, animal and natural resources, during the 1990s at the Fakara area. To conduct this analysis, an investigation took place with a sample made up of 354 chiefs of farm. This survey was conducted in 17 villages left in the study area. The data was collected by means of questionnaires addressed to operating heads on resources and their state following a historic decline. The population and animal resources are experiencing an increase in connection with the general demographic increase and the importance of the practice of farming in this area

Graphic Design, Symposium Printed Program Contest, Lulu Hamissou

Art and Design students participated in a graphic design project contest. The winning design was used for the 2020 JSU Student Symposium printed program.https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/ce_jsustudentsymp_2020/1053/thumbnail.jp

Dynamique des Ressources Humaines, Animales, et Naturelles au cours des 32 dernières années (1990-2022) dans la Zone de Fakara de Sud-Ouest du Niger

L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser la dynamique des ressources humaines, animales et naturelles, à partir des années 1990, et les modes de gestion qui en découlent au niveau de la zone du Fakara dans le Sud-Ouest du Niger. Pour mener cette analyse, une enquête a eu lieu auprès d’un échantillon composé de 354 chefs d’exploitation. Cette enquête a été conduite dans 17 villages repartis dans la zone d’étude. Les données ont été collectées au moyen de questionnaires, adressés aux chefs d’exploitation, sur les différentes ressources et leur état au cours des trente dernières années. L’étude révèle que la tendance à l’amenuisement des ressources naturelles notamment l’eau, la terre, les ressources forestières. La population et les ressources animales connaissent une augmentation en lien avec l’accroissement démographique générale et l’importance que révèle la pratique de l’élevage dans cette zone.   This paper focuses on analyzing the dynamics of human, animal, and natural resources during the 1990s in the Fakara area. To conduct this analysis, an investigation was carried out with a sample of 354 farm chiefs. This survey took place in 17 villages within the study area. Data were collected through questionnaires addressed to operational heads regarding resources and their current state following a historical decline. The population and animal resources show an increase, correlated with general demographic growth and the significance of farming practices in this region

Dynamique des ressources au cours des 32 dernières années [1990-2022] dans la zone de FAKARA (Sud-Ouest du Niger)

La population nigérienne est estimée à 17138707 habitants dont environ 83,78% vivent en milieu rural. Les systèmes agraires ont pendant longtemps été dominés par une exploitation des ressources naturelles comme moyens de subsistance de cette population. Depuis la décennie 1990, on assiste à un amenuisement de ces ressources dont les causes sont liées à la pression anthropique et aux effets du changement climatique. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser la dynamique des ressources humaines, animales et naturelles, à partir des années 1990 et les modes de gestion qui en découlent au niveau de la zone du Fakara dans le Sud-Ouest du Niger. Pour mener cette analyse, une enquête a été menée auprès d’un échantillon composé de 354 chefs d’exploitation. Cette enquête a été conduite dans 17 villages repartis dans la zone d’étude. Les données ont été collectées au moyen de questionnaires adressés aux chefs d’exploitation sur les ressources et leur état suivant un recul historique de trente ans. L’étude révèle que la tendance à l’amenuisement des ressources naturelles notamment l’eau, la terre, les ressources forestières. La population et les ressources animales connaissent une augmentation en lien avec l’accroissement démographique générale et l’importance que révèle la pratique de l’élevage dans cette zone.   The population of Niger is estimated at 17,138,707 inhabitants, of whom about 83.78% live in rural areas. Agrarian systems have long been dominated by the exploitation of natural resources as the means of subsistence for the population. Since the 1990s, we have been witnessing a reduction in these resources whose causes are linked to anthropogenic pressure and the effects of climate change. The objective of this study is to analyze the dynamics of human, animal and natural resources, during the 1990s at the Fakara area. To conduct this analysis, an investigation took place with a sample made up of 354 chiefs of farm. This survey was conducted in 17 villages left in the study area. The data was collected by means of questionnaires addressed to operating heads on resources and their state following a historic decline. The population and animal resources are experiencing an increase in connection with the general demographic increase and the importance of the practice of farming in this area

Effets de Dix (10) Variétés de Sésame (Sesamum indicum (L.)) en Association avec Le Niébé (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) dans la Lutte Contre Striga Gesnerioïdes (Willd.) Vatke. au Niger

Striga gesnerioïdes est une plante parasite qui cause des dégâts importants sur le niébé et les méthodes de lutte testées restent insatisfaisantes. L’étude vise à mettre au point, une référence de technique d’association sésame-niébé pour contribuer à lutter efficacement contre Striga gesnerioïdes. À cet effet, un dispositif en Split-Plot est utilisé sur un terrain naturellement infesté par Striga gesnerioïdes. Trois comptages à des périodes différentes (42, 56 et 70 jours après semis) du nombre de plants de Striga gesnerioïdes émergés par poquet de niébé ont été réalisés. Ainsi, en association dans le même poquet (sésame + niébé), les variétés de sésame EF 146, HC 110, ICN 130, HB 168, Vgr 156 et EF 147 sont efficaces pour atténuer l’émergence de striga. En alternance de poquets (niébé et sésame), les variétés de sésame EF 146, HC 110, ICN 137, EF 147 et 38-1-7 sont efficaces contre striga. Et les variétés de sésame EF 146, Vgr 156, HC 108 et 38-1-7 ont montré leurs efficacités en alternance de lignes avec le niébé. EF 146 est la seule variété de sésame efficace dans toutes les trois mesures de protections. Ces résultats pourraient être vulgarisés au niveau des producteurs de niébé pour booster sa production au niveau national, voir mondial. Striga gesnerioïdes is a parasitic plant that causes significant damage to cowpea and the control methods tested remain unsatisfactory. The study aims to develop a technical reference of sesame-cowpea association to contribute to the effective control of Striga gesnerioïdes. For this purpose, a Split-Plot device is used on land naturally infested by Striga gesnerioïdes. Three counts at different periods (42, 56 and 70 days) of the number of emerged Striga gesnerioïdes plants per cowpea were made. Thus, in combination in the same plot (sesame + cowpea), the sesame varieties EF 146,HC 110, ICN 130, HB 168, Vgr 156 and EF 147 are effective in mitigating Striga emergence. In alternating rows (cowpea and sesame), the sesame varieties EF 146, HC 110, ICN 137, EF 147 and 38-1-7 were effective against striga. And the sesame varieties EF 146, Vgr 156, HC 108 and 38-1-7 showed their efficacy in alternating rows with cowpea. EF 146 is the only sesame variety that is effective in all three protective measures. These results could be disseminated to cowpea producers to boost its production at the national and even global level

Becoming an EFL Teacher in a developing country : a qualitative case study from the Republic of Niger

This research study examined the effectiveness of initial English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher education in a Sub-Saharan African context (Niger). It draws on theoretical perspectives from Stenhouse (1967; 1975), Schön (1987; 1991), Vygotsky (1978) and Freire (2000), who defined effective teaching as a process of sharing experience, posing problems, reflecting-in-action and creating meaningful interaction with and for learners. The study therefore situates effective teacher learning as a process of creating and reconstructing knowledge, taking into account student teachers’ prior knowledge and experience rather than transmitting predefined knowledge to them. With these theoretical perspectives in mind, the research was carried out through a qualitative case study framework. An EFL programme was selected, and classroom observation, semi-structured interviews and documents review were undertaken based on a theoretical sampling process for data gathering. Consequently, three modules were observed over a full semester, and twenty-two participants (eighteen students, one part-time educator, one full-time educator and two other educators wearing the hats of administrators) offered interview data. Using thematic analysis strategies, the study has revealed the predominance of traditional approaches of English language teacher education (ELTE) within the EFL programme. The latter offers linguistic and cultural knowledge as the key element for becoming an EFL teacher; it does not provide much in terms of professional pedagogical knowledge and skills. This situation is exacerbated by the predominant modes of course delivery and assessment through which memorisation and rote learning are emphasised. Other findings include students’ attitude towards speaking English and reading as a form of resistance to practices established through educational borrowing, which characterises the review process in that context. The examination of certain institutional and contextual factors has also revealed the extent to which large classes, programme policy, shortage of academic staff and academic resources negatively affect teaching, learning and educators’ professional development. These factors can be regarded as colonial legacies and the consequence of underdevelopment characterised by the lack of solid funding schemes for higher education institutions. Overall findings suggest that the effectiveness of initial EFL teacher preparation within the studied programme is impeded by both pedagogical and institutional factors. Theoretically, findings confirm assumptions relating to the influence of English as an international language and globalisation on educational practices in diverse context. Methodologically, they raise issues pertaining to the need for customisation of research based on beliefs, norms and values of local contexts. To cater for these factors, possible improvements could be secured through a restructure of the ELTE curricula and establishment of an inquiry-based teaching and participatory review framework

Effects of Epicuticular Wax on the Rate of Water Loss of Sorghum Bicolor Cl.) Moench

Inherent drought is a sad reality prevailing in most sub-saharan countries of Africa. The shortage of food combined with poor sanitation have created a high rate of human mortality, not only in Africa, but also in other parts of the World. The Food and Agricultural Organization (F.A.O.) and the World Health Organization <W.H.O.) have predicted that even worse conditions will prevail in the years to come, unless agricultural policies change in these countries. Not only the ever unpredictable weather of Africa causes a slow agricultural development, but also the ever unchanged prehistoric cultivation practices have contributed to the African drought problem. There is a need for modern agricultural technology in the areas of plant breeding, plant physiology, crop management and production, and soil sciences to meet the needs of the hungry people of these regions. In 1975, the Government of Niger started a national program of agricultural development with the creation of a National Research Institute for Agronomic Research in Niger (I NRAN). The government undertook a vast training program for agricultural scientists, to be involved with research, teaching, and extension.Agronom