A Comprehensive Model for Resistance Economy Based on the Operations and Information Management in Iran

Abstract-There is no particular model for economic management in Iran. In the current circumstances where Iranian economy is under international embargos, resistance economy can guarantee national independence by acting as a model for domestic economy. Development of intellectual capital is the main criterion of national development and can also introduce synergy in resistance economy. The present paper aims to propose a comprehensive model for resistance economy based on the role of intellectual capital in Iran and the operations and information management via a mixed research method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of information values in the value chain on gaining competitive advantage by considering the effect of the strategic alignment of the IT program and the organization's strategies. First, the Supreme Leaders views on resistance economy, library references, and semi-structured interviews with 15 faculty membersselected using purposive samplingwere analyzed using the grounded theory. The concepts derived from case studies were categorized as 475 and 61 primary and final concepts, respectively, and then modeled and classified as 30 influential parameters in four aspects of capital (human, psychological, social, and spiritual capital). In addition, the tests were verified and the model was validated via quantitative data analysis

Investigating the Effectiveness of Business Strategic Orientation on Organizational Performance Considering the Intervening Role of Knowledge Management

Objective Today competitive condition and quick changes adds to the importance of the need to analyze the companies’ performance in order to reach to higher positions as compared to the opponents’ performance. The present study mainly aims to investigate the role of business strategic tendency in organizational performance considering the intervening role of knowledge management. The researcher seek to evaluate 1) the relationship between strategic tendency and balanced point card; 2) the relationship between strategic tendency and knowledge management mechanisms; 3) knowledge management mechanisms and organizational performance; and 4) the intervening role of knowledge management mechanisms in the relationship between strategies and performance. Such a wholestic investigation has not been applied in the literature before.   Methodology The present study is descriptive-analytic in nature and quantitative-practical in purpose. The data were analyzed based on structural educational modeling. The statistical population of the present study includes all active companies in the supreme informatics. A sample of 250 principals, managers, and directors in the field of information technology were randomly selected. At the end, 181 questionnaires were correctly filled and used for further analysis.   Findings The obtained coefficient for all the tendencies and aspects pertinent to the relationship between organizational strategic tendency and knowledge management is higher than 0.3 which indicated there is a relationship between the two variables. However, regarding risk taking, all the coefficients are negative which shows an opposing relationship between the two variables. The coefficient pertinent to the relationship between tendency and different aspects of performance are almost all fewer than 0.3 which indicates an insignificant relationship between the two. Knowledge management has proved to have a strong relationship with aspects of performance. It should be said that knowledge management acts as an intervening variable between tendency and performance.   Conclusion The results approved the effect of organizational strategic tendency on performance; so, the companies should enhance their strategic tendency in order to improve their performance and make organizational decisions and put them into action based on the business strategies. This may also help improve knowledge management in an organization. Moreover, the companies can exploit knowledge management mechanisms in order to improve their performance (hypothesis 3). Finally, it is recommended that organizations should first improve their analytical tendencies, background and future expectation so as to improve their knowledge along with application of knowledge management mechanisms

Understanding the Experience of Emotional Purchase of Durable Goods: A Phenomenological Study of Purchasing Home Appliance as Dowry

This study aims to understand the emotional purchasing experience of durable goods investigating the people who had experienced an emotional purchase during purchasing home appliance dowry. In order to understand the emotional purchasing experience, a qualitative research method based on descriptive phenomenological approach was implemented because of the need for using lived experiences of the participants. As Colaizzi method is systematic in methodology, it was used for data analysis. Deep interviews with 14 people were conducted based on judgmental sampling until obtaining saturation. Validation of the results was obtained through bracketing implemented by the researcher, referring to the participants and earning their agreement. Finally, four themes were emerged and the process of “cognition, emotion, appraisal, and decision making” can be extracted combining the emerged themes. Research findings are very helpful in better understanding of consumers’ behavior and predicting their purchasing behavior. Appropriate use of the findings could be helpful in increasing customers’ satisfaction, which can lead to an increase in sale

Authorial Stance in Academic Writing: Issues and Implications for Research in English Language Teaching

Writers can start a dialogue with the reader to produce more engaging and persuasive texts and to comply with their own disciplinary practices by employing interaction features effectively. In this paper, first, interaction as a significant part of the rhetorical structure of academic discourse is presented and then, major approaches to this function of language are reviewed and clarified. Next, Hyland's 2005 model of academic interaction as a comprehensive and practical model for conducting research on stance in academic discourse is discussed. Finally, a number of recent studies on authorial stance in academic discourse along with their strong and weak points are presented and discussed to pinpoint gaps and to recommend new research areas in the field of English language teaching (ELT)

Estimation and prediction of avoidable health care costs of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes through adequate dairy food consumption: a systematic review and micro simulation modeling study

Background: Recent evidence from prospective cohort studies show a relationship between consumption of dairy foods and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This association highlights the importance of dairy foods consumption in prevention of these diseases and also reduction of associated healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to estimate avoidable healthcare costs of CVD and T2D through adequate dairy foods consumption in Iran. Methods: This was a multistage modelling study. We conducted a systematic literature review in PubMed and EMBASE to identify any association between incidence of CVD and T2DM and dairy foods intake, and also associated relative risks. We obtained age- and sex-specific dairy foods consumption level and healthcare expenditures from national surveys and studies. Patient level simulation Markov models were constructed to predict the disease incidence, patient population size and associated healthcare costs for current and optimal dairy foods consumption at different time horizons (1, 5, 10 and 20 years). All parameters including costs and transition probabilities were defined as statistical distributions in the models, and all analyses were conducted by accounting for first and second order uncertainty. Results: The systematic review results indicated that dairy foods consumption was inversely associated with incidence of T2DM, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. We estimated that the introduction of a diet containing 3 servings of dairy foods per day may produce a $0.43 saving in annual per capita healthcare costs in Iran in the first year due to saving in cost of CVD and T2DM treatment. The estimated savings in per capita healthcare costs were$8.42, $39.97 and$190.25 in 5, 10 and 20-years’ time, respectively. Corresponding total aggregated avoidable costs for the entire Iranian population within the study time horizons were $33.83,$661.31, $3,138.21 and$14,934.63 million, respectively. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrated that increasing dairy foods consumption to recommended levels would be associated with reductions in healthcare costs. Further randomized trial studies are required to investigate the effect of dairy foods intake on cost of CVD and T2DM in the population

Pulmonary Manifestations of SARS Co V 2 Infection in Mild/Severe Patients

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused viral pneumonia in Wuhan City in China in December of 2019. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily targets the lungs with severe hypoxia, which usually results in death. COVID-19 is highly heterogeneous regarding severity, clinical phenotype, and more importantly, global dispersal. The respiratory system in all aspects such as respiratory airways, endothelium of pulmonary vessels, conducting airways, the alveoli, neuromuscular breathing structure, and pulmonary circulation are affected by this virus. A comprehensive concept of the source and dynamic action of the SARS-CoV-2 and the possible causes of heterogeneity in COVID-19 is required for predicting and managing the illness in acute and chronic stages of the pulmonary sign

Detection of Helicobacter Pylori in Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most important causes of disability and mortality in the world. Although cigarette smoking and environmental pollutants have been recognized as the major causes of COPD, the role of infection in the pathogenesis and progression of COPD has also been reported. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to find the relationship between Helicobacter Pylori infection and COPD through anti H. pylori IgG serology, real time PCR of bronchoalveolar lavage and trans bronchial biopsy urease tests. Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 60 adults with COPD. After obtaining the patient’s history, physical examination, spirometry and confirmation of COPD diagnosis by pulmonologist, subjects were selected through convenience sampling. In order to determine the severity and prognosis of disease, the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) criteria and BODE index were used. Subjects underwent bronchoscopy for obtaining bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and biopsy was performed. Biopsy and BAL samples were investigated respectively by urease test and real time PCR. Moreover, patients’ serum samples were serologically studied for detection of anti H. pylori IgG. Results: Mean age of the participants was 60.65 ± 9.15 years, and 25% were female and 75% were male. The prevalence rate of H. pylori in COPD patients was 10% according to real time PCR, 88.3% according to the serology test and 0% based on the urease test. According to the results of PCR and considering the severity of disease based on the GOLD criteria, from those with a positive PCR, one patient (16.6%) had very severe obstruction, three (50%) had severe obstruction and two patients (33.3%) had moderate obstruction. The relationship between H. pylori presence (based on PCR) and disease severity and prognosis was not statistically significant. Conclusions: These findings can justify the hypothesis of direct injury and chronic inflammation via inhalation and aspiration resulting in H. pylori colonization. In fact, it is thought that H. Pylori infection, beside the host genetic vulnerability and other environmental risk factors might make the patient susceptible to COPD or lead to COPD worsening. Although we found H. pylori infection in some patients with COPD, the results of this study, could not explain the pathogenic mechanisms of COPD

Landslide Risk Assessment by Using a New Combination Model Based on a Fuzzy Inference System Method

Landslides are one of the most dangerous phenomena that pose widespread damage to property and human lives. Over the recent decades, a large number of models have been developed for landslide risk assessment to prevent the natural hazards. These models provide a systematic approach to assess the risk value of a typical landslide. However, often models only utilize the numerical data to formulate a problem of landslide risk assessment and neglect the valuable information provided by experts’ opinion. This leads to an inherent uncertainty in the process of modelling. On the other hand, fuzzy inference systems are among the most powerful techniques in handling the inherent uncertainty. This paper develops a powerful model based on fuzzy inference system that uses both numerical data and subjective information to formulate the landslide risk more reliable and accurate. The results show that the proposed model is capable of assessing the landslide risk index. Likewise, the performance of the proposed model is better in comparison with that of the conventional techniques