Detecting Spam Review through Spammer’s Behavior Analysis

Online reviews about the purchase of a product or services provided have become the main source of user opinions. To gain profit or fame usually spam reviews are written to promote or demote some target products or services. This practice is known as review spamming. In the last few years, different methods have been suggested to solve the problem of review spamming but there is still a need to introduce new spam review detection method to improve accuracy results. In this work, researchers have studied six different spammer behavioral features and analyzed the proposed spam review detection method using weight method. An experimental evaluation was conducted on a benchmark dataset and achieved 84.5% accuracy

Reintegration of Karachi port through sustainable adaptive reuse of abandoned and underused industrial buildings

The economic capital and one of Pakistan’s most important cities gain popularity due to the reputable Karachi port. Karachi was referred to as Korokala and Debal in ancient times; a city conquered by famous conquerors, including Alexander the Great and Muhammad bin Qasim due to its seaport importance. However, most of the port’s tangible and material heritage were built by the British during the 19th–20th century. The Britishers conquered the city and started developing Karachi port because of the seaport. Due to the port, the area of Karachi grew from a small fishermen’s village to a bustling metropolitan city. During the second industrial revolution in the late 19th century, the Britishers developed Indian industries so that they depended on British capital goods. To transport the goods, the British empire constructed railways and maritime routes in the mid and late nineteenth century, The port of Karachi was one of them.Karachi port remains the hub of Pakistan’s main logistic transportation, but some of its heritage buildings have been neglected on this site. After the 9/11 tragedy in the US, due to security reasons, Karachi port trust restricted the port to the public. Now, the security situation is better, and the port can be reintegrated and made accessible to the public through sustainable adaptive reuse of abandoned or underused buildings. Karachi is a congested city with few places for recreation; reintegrating this site can open opportunities for tourism while showcasing the city’s industrial heritage.This paper wants to articulate the potential of industrial heritage. But the latter in Pakistan is not yet recognized as part of a heritage discourse. The port offers a rich case study due to its layered history and various typologies of buildings on site

A Study of Stylistic Features of Cricket Commentary: A Discourse Analysis

This study is based on the analysis of language practices and features that different cricket commentators use in international cricket matches. This study explores that cricket commentary forms a complete register on its own with its field, tenor, and mode components. Data for this research have been taken from the 1992 World Cup, the 2015 World Cup, and the Ashes Series 2005 matches available on YouTube. Textual analysis technique has been employed for data analysis. After analyzing the data in the light of Halliday’s notion of register comprising field, tenor, and mode, it is found that cricket commentary is characterized by special syntactic features such as ellipsis, extensive use of exclamatory sentences, the abundant use of the simple present tense and simple sentences, passive construction notably in elliptical form, first and third conditionals, and inversion. Use of idioms, certain action verbs, certain positive and negative adjectives, and certain adverbs are some of the salient features of cricket commentary. Cricket commentary also has a special jargon with words like ‘knock’, ‘mid-on’, ‘mid-off’, ‘innings’ and ‘bouncer’ etc. Cricket commentators also use certain aspects of connected speech such as weak forms of words, elision, and assimilation

Peripapillary and macular choroidal thickness in glaucoma.

PurposeTo compare choroidal thickness (CT) between individuals with and without glaucomatous damage and to explore the association of peripapillary and submacular CT with glaucoma severity using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).MethodsNinety-one eyes of 20 normal subjects and 43 glaucoma patients from the UCLA SD-OCT Imaging Study were enrolled. Imaging was performed using Cirrus HD-OCT. Choroidal thickness was measured at four predetermined points in the macular and peripapillary regions, and compared between glaucoma and control groups before and after adjusting for potential confounding variables.ResultsThe average (± standard deviation) mean deviation (MD) on visual fields was -0.3 (±2.0) dB in controls and -3.5 (±3.5) dB in glaucoma patients. Age, axial length and their interaction were the most significant factors affecting CT on multivariate analysis. Adjusted average CT (corrected for age, axial length, their interaction, gender and lens status) however, was not different between glaucoma patients and the control group (P=0.083) except in the temporal parafoveal region (P=0.037); nor was choroidal thickness related to glaucoma severity (r=-0.187, P=0.176 for correlation with MD, r=-0.151, P=0.275 for correlation with average nerve fiber layer thickness).ConclusionsChoroidal thickness of the macular and peripapillary regions is not decreased in glaucoma. Anatomical measurements with SD-OCT do not support the possible influence of the choroid on the pathophysiology of glaucoma

An Inquiry into the Genius Loci of Karachi’s Bohri Bazaar Area in Pakistan

[EN] Genius Loci or the ‘Spirit of place’ refers to the tangible and intangible characteristics of a place as regards several aspects. This concept relates to a deeper meaning of a place and its relationship with the environment. Genius Loci is not merely associated with the city’s urban fabric; instead, it is infused within the experience/ setting of the place. The paper discusses the connotation of Genius Loci as an important lens or a possible vocabulary for a much more layered and in-depth analysis of the Bohri Bazaar area in Saddar Bazaar quarter in Karachi, Pakistan. Bohri Bazaar is one of the early shopping streets developed during the British era in 1839, parallel with the concept of independent market buildings like Cunningham market (demolished in the late 19th century) or the Empress market, among many during British rule in Karachi. Its location within the Saddar Bazaar quarter in Karachi places it exceptionally at the central commercial spine of the city. The British designed the bazaar in Gridiron geometry to orient the users at their ease. The area is romanticized as an oriental bazaar because of its historical nature that homogeneously absorbs the local narrow street layouts and neighborhood context, giving a unique identity to its urban, architectural, and functional design. The methodology followed for this research is based on different sections. The first section is based on a literature review relating to the concept of Genius Loci and then literature on the Bohri Bazaar. The second section is based on the fieldwork conducted between 2020-21 to articulate a description of the area according to the concept of genius loci by physically visiting the site and surveying the Bazaar. Both sections are combined to develop a discussion on the genius loci of Bohri Bazaar for collective conclusions/outcomes. These conclusions are not a singular or solidified statement but an invitation for further investigation.Akbar, SH.; Soomro, T.; Cleempoel, KV.; Iqbal, N. (2023). An Inquiry into the Genius Loci of Karachi’s Bohri Bazaar Area in Pakistan. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 430-439. https://doi.org/10.4995/VIBRArch2022.2022.1525043043

An overview of modern metal additive manufacturing technology

There has been significant development in metal additive manufacturing (MAM) technology over the past few decades, and considerable progress has been made in understanding how various processes and their parameters influence the properties of printed metallic parts. Despite this, the knowledge concerning its characteristics has been dispersed across a variety of publications and sources, making it difficult to gain a comprehensive understanding of the entire field, especially for businesses interested in additive manufacturing (AM). In order to bridge this gap, periodic reviews encompassing state-of-the-art as the whole are necessary. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the essential features of MAM techniques based on the most recent scientific knowledge. It explores emerging research on four of the most significant technologies, including material extrusion (ME), binder jetting (BJ), powder bed fusion (PBF), and directed energy deposition (DED). As well as providing an outline of fundamental process characteristics, ongoing efforts to optimize them and current challenges, it also highlights gaps in understanding and future research and development needs. A significant feature of this review is the provision of substantial documentation regarding the mechanical properties of materials processed by a variety of commercial systems, including a variety of novel hybrid additive manufacturing (HAM) machines. This is accompanied by an investigation into the most recent works done to characterize the environmental impact along with a conceptual framework for improving the energy efficiency (EE) of the manufacturing process. As a result of reporting on both the characteristics of several MAM processes along with their sustainability features in one integrated article, it is anticipated that this information will serve as a valuable resource for both the academic and manufacturing communities to better appreciate and understand what differentiates MAM from traditional manufacturing (TM) processes, thus facilitating its future advancement and adoption

CHILD LABOURS STILL A HURDLE IN COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT

Child labor is basically exploiting the underage children in any form forcing them to work illegally which harms or abuses them. This abuse may be by physical, method or sexually depriving the children (child labors) of their rights of basic education. Generally, every school of thought believes that child labor would be absent in the developed countries due to their higher economic strata. Sadly, this is far from true. Be it any country, the degree of abuse is just the same. We have landed on moon but failed to the cudgels on behalf of small children who do not even know that they are being explained. In this research work we have selected Distract Bahawalpur for the purpose to get in-depth  knowledge about child labor  and strategies related to its eradication .For this purpose 800 samples is selected through simple random sampling. Among these 800, 400 are the children working in different industries and 400 are their parents. Again half of the sample is taken from rural as well as the half portion from urban area. Before distributing the final questioner’s pilot testing of the questioners was made. Finally the data was analyzed as after the classification of data, tabulation and interpretation were done. First of all simple and cross table were made. After their approval, the frequencies were fed, subsequently. The tables were described on the basis of percentages and averages. The tables were then analyzed and interpreted both descriptively and statistically. On the basis of that interpretation, conclusions were drawn as most of the parents in rural areas were happy that their children are working and play their role in earning while as 22% children were also happy with their present work .But the satisfaction level in urban area from the prospective of both children’s and parents was low but they are following because of large family size, lack of financial resources ,in order to satisfy their needs, and other socioeconomic and psychological requirements