Recognition of the Role of Bricks and Brick Structures in the Human: A Case Study in Kermanshah, Iran

Body of brick architecture like the human body aroused from the soil as the body and returns back into the soil again. This heterogeneity makes the soil architecture compatible with the human nature. Various forms of the nature and soil architecture in the traditional buildings depend on Islamic architecture, and our nature is human spirit and intrinsic qualities of nature are introduced as the basis of life and spirit. The nature is the universe of objects and appearance. A lot of soil products are produced in this region. Favorable climatic conditions in the city of Kermanshah provided the ground for using soil products. Later, the bricks were known as the main materials of living.  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of brick materials and make a sense of belonging within the context of the historical city of Kermanshah. In this study, we tried to evaluate psychological impact of bricks from different aspects by a cross - sectional approach. Finally, the results indicated that soil materials in the form and meaning are consistent with human nature. Soil reduces energy consumption in the buildings

Recognition of the Role of Bricks and Brick Structures in the Human: A Case Study in Kermanshah, Iran

Body of brick architecture like the human body aroused from the soil as the body and returns back into the soil again. This heterogeneity makes the soil architecture compatible with the human nature. Various forms of the nature and soil architecture in the traditional buildings depend on Islamic architecture, and our nature is human spirit and intrinsic qualities of nature are introduced as the basis of life and spirit. The nature is the universe of objects and appearance. A lot of soil products are produced in this region. Favorable climatic conditions in the city of Kermanshah provided the ground for using soil products. Later, the bricks were known as the main materials of living.  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of brick materials and make a sense of belonging within the context of the historical city of Kermanshah. In this study, we tried to evaluate psychological impact of bricks from different aspects by a cross - sectional approach. Finally, the results indicated that soil materials in the form and meaning are consistent with human nature. Soil reduces energy consumption in the buildings

Recognition of the Role of Bricks and Brick Structures in the Human: A Case Study in Kermanshah, Iran

Body of brick architecture like the human body aroused from the soil as the body and returns back into the soil again. This heterogeneity makes the soil architecture compatible with the human nature. Various forms of the nature and soil architecture in the traditional buildings depend on Islamic architecture, and our nature is human spirit and intrinsic qualities of nature are introduced as the basis of life and spirit. The nature is the universe of objects and appearance. A lot of soil products are produced in this region. Favorable climatic conditions in the city of Kermanshah provided the ground for using soil products. Later, the bricks were known as the main materials of living.  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of brick materials and make a sense of belonging within the context of the historical city of Kermanshah. In this study, we tried to evaluate psychological impact of bricks from different aspects by a cross - sectional approach. Finally, the results indicated that soil materials in the form and meaning are consistent with human nature. Soil reduces energy consumption in the buildings

A Comparative Study of the Impact of Interpretation-based, Task-based, and Mechanical Drills Teaching Methods on Iranian English Language Learners’ Grammatical Development

Since grammar has been an important part of language learning, this study was aimed to investigate the impact of three different methods (meaning-based method, task-based method and mechanical drill method) on grammatical development of Iranian EFL learners by teaching conditional sentences. This study was performed in Jahad Daneshgahi Language School of Kermanshah, Iran. The researcher administered a pre-test to see if the learners could make a homogeneous group in terms of proficiency or not. 51 learners were chosen to participate in the study. The learners were studying Top notch book (the third level). The participants were divided into three groups, each group containing 17 learners. The classes were co-educational, containing both male and female learners. Their ages ranged between 17 to 35 years old. This study was done in fall 2014.  Analysis based on ANOVA and post hoc indicated that teaching conditional sentences with task-based instruction in comparison with two other methods, leads to a better grammatical development on Iranian EFL learners. The result of the study indicated that majority of the learners had a better performance on the test based on task-based method treatment

Evaluation of Passing Scores in Semiotics: An Objective Structured Clinical Examination for Medical Students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 2015

Background: Numerous exams are held at different levels and in different fields of medical sciences to evaluate students’ practical knowledge. In pass-fail exams where several examiners score the students, it is important to determine “the minimum passing score” or “the passing score” to determine whether students have passed or failed; this score is sometimes called the “cut-off point” or “standard score.” The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) method is employed for the final assessment of medical students in Semiotics I in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. The commonly used standard scoring method for this lesson is the fixed score method, which sometimes results in a discrepancy between educational management and the lecturers. Hence, the current study aims to compare 4 different methods—the Cohen, borderline-group, borderline regression, and Hofstee methods—of determining the passing score in the semiotics course and comparing the results with those of the fixed score method. Methods: A 6-station OSCE was used to assess Semiotics I in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2015. In the current study, in order to determine a standard scale for scoring the students, two forms, Forms 1 and 2, and a checklist were completed for each student. In Form 1, a 5-option Likert scale scoring system, graded from poor to excellent, was used. Data from Form 1 were analyzed using the borderline regression and borderline-group methods. Form 2 included 4 items and the collected data were analyzed using the Hofstee method. Data collected from both forms were analyzed, after the exams, using SPSS version 16. Results: The cut-off point established by the Cohen method was very close to that of the common method. In other words, there was no significant difference between the cut-off point determined by the Cohen method (11.73) and that of the common method (12). The other study methods, however, such as borderline regression and borderline-group methods proposed higher cut-off points, which were significantly different from that of the common method: more students failed Semiotics I using these methods. The Hofstee method cannot be used in the OSCE, as the results were insignificant. Conclusions: Because there was a significant difference in the number of students who passed the exam based on the fixed score and Cohen methods, and on the borderline-group and borderline regression methods, it is recommended that the latter methods not be widely employed. In addition, it is suggested that different methods should be used to define a mean standard passing score because, according to the statistics, an accurate and efficient estimator with minimum variances accuracy should be employed to evaluate population parameters, and the mean estimator would benefit from such advantages. Keywords: Objective Structured Clinical Examination, Standard Score Determining Methods, Cut-Off Poin

The effect of soy protein containing soy isoflavones on serum concentration of cell adhesion molecules : A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Funding Information: This study was financially supported by Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences (Grant number: 98-01-149 ; Ethical code: IR.NUMS.REC.1399.006). Acknowledgement We are extremely grateful to the data collection team at the Ney- shabur University of Medical Sciences.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Investigating the effectiveness of tax penalties in Ardebil, Iran

Correctly implementing the provisions of direct tax law is of the most important objectives of Tax Affairs Organization; accordingly, tax penalty system is among the most crucial guarantees for enforcement of this law. On the other hand, since tax is of long standing in Iran, compared to the majority of developing countries and some developed ones, the performance of tax system is an indicative of weaknesses with respect to law efficiency. Reluctant acceptance, and inefficiency of the previous tax law as well as the penalty system belonging to it, has caused to be revised and reformed. Reformation of the pervious law and creation of the existing one were aimed at accomplishing the objectives of development program in tax sector. However, with regard to what should have been materialized according to the anticipations, the country's tax law suffers from significant drawbacks with some existing articles and paragraphs. The present paper investigates two domains of jobs and companies in Ardabil province, and reveals the ineffectiveness of penalty system in these two tax sources

Data on experimental investigation of Methyl Ester Sulphonate and nanopolystyrene for rheology improvement and filtration loss control of water-based drilling fluid

Data presented in this article focused on the application of Methyl Ester Sulphonate (MES) surfactant and nanopolystyrene in water based drilling fluid. Data from rheology study using Bingham and Power law models showed that the synergy of MES and nanopolystyrene improved the formulated drilling fluid. Filtration study under LPLT and HPHT conditions showed that MES and nanopolystyrene drilling fluid reduced filtration loss by 50.7% at LPLT and 61.1% at HPHT conditions. These filtration data were validated by filter cake permeability and scanning electron microscope images

Investigating the effectiveness of tax penalties in Ardebil, Iran

Correctly implementing the provisions of direct tax law is of the most important objectives of Tax Affairs Organization; accordingly, tax penalty system is among the most crucial guarantees for enforcement of this law. On the other hand, since tax is of long standing in Iran, compared to the majority of developing countries and some developed ones, the performance of tax system is an indicative of weaknesses with respect to law efficiency. Reluctant acceptance, and inefficiency of the previous tax law as well as the penalty system belonging to it, has caused to be revised and reformed. Reformation of the pervious law and creation of the existing one were aimed at accomplishing the objectives of development program in tax sector. However, with regard to what should have been materialized according to the anticipations, the country's tax law suffers from significant drawbacks with some existing articles and paragraphs. The present paper investigates two domains of jobs and companies in Ardabil province, and reveals the ineffectiveness of penalty system in these two tax sources