El test d’una repetició màxima incrementa els índexs sèrics

Introducció. L’objectiu d’aquest estudi fou examinar l’efecte del test d’una repetició màxima en el dany i el dolor muscular en homes entrenats i no entrenats. Mètodes: Participaren a l’estudi 10 homes entrenats (E) i 10 no entrenats (NE). Els subjectes realitzaren un test d’una repetició màxima (1RM) de l’exercici d’esquat, i s’avaluà l’activitat de la creatina cinasa (CK), la concentració de la proteïna C reactiva (PCR) i el dolor muscular (quàdriceps i isquiotibials), a l’inici i al cap de 24, 48 i 72 hores després del test 1RM. Resultats: S’observaren increments significatius de l’activitat de la CK i dolor muscular a les 24, 48 i 72 hores després del test 1RM, així com diferències significatives entre els subjectes entrenats i els no entrenats (p < 0,05). En les concentracions de PCR, ambdós grups mostraren increments significatius en el descans, a les 24, 48 i 72 hores posteriors al test 1RM, i a les 72 hores en comparació amb les 24 hores (p < 0,05). No es detectaren diferències significatives de la concentració de la PCR (p > 0,05) entre els dos grups. Conclusió: En conclusió, el test d’1RM en l’exercici d’esquat (intensitat alta i volum baix) incrementa l’activitat de la CK, la concentració de la PCR en el plasma i el dolor muscular en subjectes entrenats i no entrenats. Es pot observar que el test 1RM pot induir dany muscular, cosa que suposaria un factor negatiu tant per als esportistes com per a la resta d’individus, donat que el dolor muscular s’associa a una disminució del rendiment. © 2012 Consell Català de l’Esport. Generalitat de Catalunya. Publicat per Elsevier España, S.L. Tots els drets reservats

One repetition maximum test increases serum indices of muscle

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of one repetition maximum test on muscle damage and soreness in trained and untrained males. Methods: Ten trained (T) and 10 untrained (UT) males participated in this study. Subjects performed one repetition maximum (1RM) test for the back squat exercise and creatine kinase (CK) activity, C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, and muscle soreness (quadriceps and hamstring) were assessed at pre, 24, 48 and 72 h post 1RM test. Results: Significant increases in CK activity and muscle soreness were observed at 24, 48 and 72 h post 1RM test, and there were also significant differences between T and UT (p < 0.05). In the CRP concentration, both groups indicated significant increases above resting at 24, 48 and 72 h post 1RM test and 72 h compared to 24 h (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between T and UT in the CRP concentration (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the 1RM back squat test (high intensity and low volume) increases CK activity, CRP concentration in the plasma and muscle soreness in the T and UT. It can be observed that 1RM test can induce muscle damage, which would be a negative factor for athletes and individuals, since the muscle injury is associated with decreased performance. © 2012 Consell Català de l’Esport. Generalitat de Catalunya. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved

El test de una repetición máxima incrementa los índices séricos referentes a daño y dolor muscular en varones entrenados y no entrenados

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar el efecto del test de una repetición máxima sobre el daño y el dolor muscular en hombres entrenados y no entrenados. Métodos: Participaron en el estudio 10 hombres entrenados (E) y 10 no entrenados (NE). Los sujetos realizaron un test de una repetición máxima (1RM) en el ejercicio de sentadilla, y se valoró la actividad de la creatincinasa (CK), la concentración de la proteína C reactiva (PCR) y el dolor muscular (cuádriceps e isquiotibiales) al inicio y a las 24, 48 y 72 horas posteriores al test 1RM. Resultados: Se observaron incrementos significativos de la actividad de la CK y el dolor muscular a las 24, 48 y 72 horas posteriores al test 1RM, así como diferencias significativas entre los sujetos entrenados y los no entrenados (p < 0,05). En las concentraciones de PCR, ambos grupos mostraron incrementos significativos en el descanso, a las 24, 48 y 72 horas posteriores al test 1RM, y a las 72 horas en comparación con las 24 horas (p < 0,05). No se detectaron diferencias significativas de la concentración de la PCR (p > 0,05) entre los dos grupos. Conclusión: En conclusión, el test 1RM en el ejercicio de sentadilla (alta intensidad y bajo volumen) incrementa la actividad de la CK, la concentración de la PCR en el plasma y el dolor muscular en sujetos entrenados y no entrenados. Puede observarse que el test 1RM puede inducir daño muscular, lo que significaría un factor negativo tanto para los deportistas como para el resto de individuos, puesto que el dolor muscular se asocia a una disminución del rendimiento. © 2012 Consell Català de l’Esport. Generalitat de Catalunya. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L. Todos los derechos reservados

Voltage Stability Improvement By Using FACTS Elements With Economic Consideration

In last two decades due to increasing power demand power systems are operated to their maximum operation conditions. It will cause to any problems that one of these is voltage instability. To overcome this problem Flexible AC Transmission Systems(FACTS) have been used in power systems. The FACTS devices improves system stability, reduce losses and power generation cost. Best location of FACTS devices will help to maintain bus voltages at desired level, reduce cost of these devices and improve voltage stability margins. This paper presents the methods to location and rating of FACTS devices are optimized with using weighted coefficients method and Sterength Paretto Evolutionary Algorithm(SPEA).Thyristor controlled series capacitor(TCSC)and Static Var Compensator(SVC)are also considered in this paper

Oxidative dna damage and lipid peroxidation to cluster vs. traditional sets resistance exercise in professional volleyball players

Cells continuously produce free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as part of metabolic processes. Exercise can induce an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants, which is referred to as oxidative stress. Acute bout of resistance exercise (RE) induces activation of several distinct systems of radicals generation, but the effects of different RE loading on oxidative stress response is not clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cluster vs. traditional sets of RE on oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and uric acid response in athletes. To elicit blood oxidative stress, 12 professional young male volleyball players undertook two different RE loading patterns: 1) cluster loading pattern, 2) traditional loading pattern which was standardized for total volume and completed in a randomized crossover fashion with a four-day interval between trials. Blood samples were collected before and after RE for markers of oxidative stress and damage. In response to both the cluster and traditional sets, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), and uric acid were significantly elevated post exercise (p<.05). Although no statistically significant differences between loading patterns were observed, the rate of elevations in 8-OHdG (effect size [ES]: 1.4 vs. 1.3) and 4-HNE (ES: 8.1 vs. 7.9) was greater for the traditional sets; likewise, the rate of uric acid excretion was greater for the cluster RE (ES: 1.6 vs. 1.4). These data suggests that RE induced DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation, but they were greater for the traditional RE. Therefore, strength and conditioning professionals in the field of volleyball must keep in their mind that RE induces oxidative stress and should use proper RE loading patterns in their training schedule

DESIGN OF NOVEL MICRO-PUMPS FOR MECHATRONIC APPLICATIONS

Abstract Due to the rapid development and increasing usage of micro fluid instruments in recent years, their fabrication has attracted a lot of attention recently. Micro -pumps are one of the sub branches of electro-mechanics along with the non-return valves or nozzle/ diffuser elements. Because of the problems arising with non-return valves such as blocking, erosion, failure of moving parts and etc., researchers incline towards the micro-pumps with nozzle/diffuser elements which are more reliable due to the simplicity and maintenance free characteristics. The main target in this paper is to modify the design of micro-pumps in such a way to increase the net flow rates while decreasing the fabrication cost. There are mainly three micro-pumps considered. One of them is the reference micro-pump which has a single chamber, an actuated by piezoelectric, an inlet (Nozzle) and outlet (Diffuser) elements. The second one is designed by modifying the internal space of the chamber by combining t he rectangular and elliptical shapes together, which is hereby, named arched chamber Micro-pump. The third one is modelled in which two reference chambers are in parallel with a single piezo -electric actuator located at the interface. In the simulation carried out, the basic elements of reference, arched chamber, and parallel micro-pumps are modelled in equivalent conditions for easy comparing. The result shows a major improvement in arched micro-pump with respect to net flow rates, by decreasing back pressure value and eddy currents

Infrastructures of the System for Developing Electronic Health Record

The overall objective of a health system is to improve health through reducing disease, disability and death. Accomplishment of this goal depends on the worldwide integrated and coordinated care continuity. Information transmission is a prerequisite to ensure the continuity of care. Widespread acceptance of health information and communication technology (HICT) and developing systems such as Electronic Health Record (EHR), have changed the health care industry. Electronic Health Record is the main part of information management in an integrated health care system. Electronic health record provides access to all health information at organizational, regional, national and international  levels and allows for the patient's health data [usually with geographical distribution in several health information systems] to become integrated. Since Electronic health record integrates all  care events data, it can make data sharing possible between all care providers to consequently minimize the repeated diagnostic tests, and drug and treatment interactions. Furthermore, Also health care professionals can easily access to patient information at any time and this could lead to improving the quality of care and reduce costs. Accordingly, a productive system is required to provide the electronic health record. Given the significance of the electronic health record and its generating system in improvement of care quality and reducing the health care costs, authors decided to study the needs for developing the national EHR system (NHIN)  The main focus of this paper was on selecting material related to the system developing an EHR and it prerequisites. Electronic health record system is a new source of valuable intelligence of real world for the whole health care industry. Electronic health record system includes people, rules, standards, storage and processing equipments, communication and support facilities. To shape this, existence of components and their coordination is necessary. Electronic health record system are established to enhance patient care and its outcome, increase efficiency, improving the availability of information and minimizing the medical errors. With the Europe union formation that in fact was an important step toward globalization, the electronic health record passed the national borders and turned into a global concept to make possible the worldwide integration and sharing of the health data. Therefore international standards are needed to share patient health information between national health systems and across borders. Infrastructure or national information network  existence of proper hardware and software and finally participation  of  all stakeholders are necessary to develop the system. So it is necessary to prepare the infrastructures needed for development of the system in our country. Since EHR has a universal concept, it is needed to create a lifelong health information record for every individual accessible in  every point in the world

Presenting a Population-based Multiple Sclerosis Registry for Iran

 Introduction: Worldwide prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is growing, and given the huge burden on the patient, the community and the healthcare system, prevention interventions and symptom management in order to improving the quality of life of these patients are of utmost importance. One of the most important strategies in this regard is providing the existence of an MS population-based registry. Accordingly, this research was aimed at providing a population-based MS registry model.Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative study, carried out within the years 2016 and 2017. The population of the present study consisted of models of multiple sclerosis population registries. In this study, a model was provided using library resources, informational networks and information retrieval from databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer, Science direct, and Wiley and also through studying the registry of developed countries. Then, this model using Delphi technique and questionnaire tool was validated and after data analysis, the final model was presented.Results: In the present study, a demographic MS registry model including the following eight main criteria was proposed: registry goals, data sources, minimum data set, data set, data processing, various types of reports, quality control measures and patient follow-up procedures. Conclusion: Considering the prevalence of MS in Iran and the need for optimal data management, it is recommended that measures be taken to establish and use a national MS population-based registry and be one of the priorities of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. 

Lessons Learned from the Population-Based Multiple Sclerosis Registries in the Developed Countries

Context: The prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in the world has grown and has attracted particular attention on the international level and governments, has considered prevention interventions and managing the symptoms of the disease to reduce the economic burden and has improved the quality of life of these patients necessary. One of the most important strategies in this field is MS population-based registry. Accordingly, this study was designed to identify the components of MS population-based registries within the developed countries.Evidence Acquisition: The present study is a review article that was conducted in 2018. The population of the study consisted of MS population-based registry systems of developed countries such as USA, France, and Denmark. Based on the combination of related keywords, about 60 papers appropriately and after extraction, categorization and integration were formulated in the form of proper sequence for the purpose of the study.Results: The main components of MS population-based registries in developed countries included registry goals, information resources, Minimum Data Sets (MDS), types of processes, types of reports, quality control measures, data transmission time limits, responsible for recording and collecting data, responsible organization and executor, data transmission method and the privacy practicesConclusion: With regard to the results, it is suggested that the developing countries must consider creating an MS population-based registry as a national program due to their health system and the MS population-based registries structure in developed countries, so that they can adopt a suitable strategy for preventing and controlling the disease