A Sense of Purpose: Ottawa Students and the Second World War

The outbreak of war in September 1939 altered the lives of Canadian high school students. A study of two Ottawa schools, Lisgar Collegiate and Glebe Collegiate, reveals the extent to which students, too young to enlist and yet old enough to grasp the severity of the war, were affected by world events. Despite the anxiety and hardships brought about by war, young people growing up during the Second World War took on serious responsibilities and acquired a remarkable sense of purpose

Les femmes kanak sont fatiguées de la violence des hommes

Le rééquilibrage économique entrepris dans les années 1990 pour combler le fossé social qui séparait en Nouvelle-Calédonie les Kanak des autres communautés, l’engagement des femmes kanak dans le mouvement indépendantiste et, plus récemment, l’application de la parité politique, ont provoqué des mutations importantes dans la vie matérielle des femmes mais aussi dans leurs représentations du genre. Nos enquêtes ethnographiques et les résultats d’une étude par questionnaire en population générale féminine que nous avons menée sur le thème des violences faites aux femmes indiquent qu’aujourd’hui une majorité de femmes kanak ne légitiment ni les viols ni les coups, y compris quand l’auteur est le conjoint. Elles contestent ainsi un ressort de l’ordre masculin et mettent en question les constructions anciennes de la conjugalité. Alors que les violences constituaient jusqu’il y a peu un moyen généralisé de la domination masculine, leur mise en cause idéologique, massive chez les plus jeunes des Kanak et chez celles qui résident en ville, témoigne à l’échelle des individus d’ouvertures nouvelles et plus généralement d’une renégociation des rapports sociaux de sexe que nous essayons ici de mieux comprendre et d’inscrire dans l’histoire politique et sociale récente du pays.The engagement of Kanak women with the pro- Independence movement, the economic rebalancing programme launched in the 1990’s to bridge the social gap in New Caledonia between the Kanak and the other communities, and more recently the application of political parity have led to deep change in women’s everyday lives but also in their gender representations. Our ethnographic investigation and the results of our questionnaire survey on violence among the general female population show that, today, a majority of Kanak women no longer legitimise rape or physical violence even if the perpetrator is the partner. In this way they are challenging one of the foundations of the male order and querying long-standing constructions of the conjugal relationship. Violence was until recently a generalised way of imposing male domination. Its ideological challenging, now on a massive scale by the youngest Kanak women and urban Kanak women, shows that new openings are emerging at the individual level and that, more generally, there is a renegotiation of gender social relationships that we will try better understanding here while setting it into the background of the country’s recent political and social history

Romain Juston Morival, Médecins légistes. Une enquête sociologique

Comment les preuves médico-légales sont-elles produites ? C’est la question qui est au cœur de l’ouvrage de Romain Juston Morival, issu d’une thèse de doctorat en sociologie et qui nous propose de pousser la porte des services de médecine légale pour découvrir le quotidien de l’activité des médecins légistes. À partir du modèle conceptuel de la « co-production » développé par Sheila Jasanoff, le travail d’expertise médicale est ici saisi sous l’angle des articulations entre la science et le d..

South Green bioinformatics platform : Plateforme collaborative de bioinformatique verte héraultaise

Drivers and other road users often encounter situations where priority is unclear or ambiguous, but must be resolved, for example, after arriving at an intersection nearly simultaneously. The participants in such scenarios reach agreement by communicating; while instinctive to humans, this is a significant challenge for autonomous vehicles. Currently, the nature of interaction for resolving ambiguous road situations between pedestrians and autonomous vehicles remains mostly in the realm of speculation, for which no direct means for expressing intent and acknowledgment has yet been established. This thesis approaches the challenge by contributing a model and approach for planning that can produce actions that are expressive and encode certain aspects of intent; the result is communicative in that vehicle-pedestrian coordination arises via a negotiation of intent in a prototypical unsignalized intersection crossing scenario. We deliberately construct a prototypical crossing setting with a vehicle and one pedestrian at an unsignalized intersection such that there is substantial ambiguity in crossing order. A decision-theoretic model is then used for capturing this scenario along with its ambiguity as uncertainty arising from non-determinism and partial observability. We solve the problem by first proposing a Markov decision process to express the interaction at the intersection. Next, we focus on the partial-observability and include it in the model to generate a sequence of vehicle actions by solving via a state-of-the-art online solver. We implement the approach on a self-driving Ford Lincoln MKZ platform and examine an experimental setting involving real-time interaction. The experiment shows that the method achieves safe and efficient navigation. We analyze the resulting policy in detail in simulation and examine the coupled behavior of the vehicle and pedestrian, interpreting evidence for implicit communication that emerges as the two resolve ambiguity to achieve safe and efficient navigation