Efficiency of post-processing in PMU based state estimation of renewable energy microgrids

Power System State Estimation (SE) is a process for determining the state of all the buses in a power system (voltage magnitude and angle) based on measurements taken at a selection of a few buses. Traditionally, the only information that measurement devices could provide was the magnitude of the measured signal. On the other hand, the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) can measure the current phasors of the directly linked lines as well as the voltage phasors (both angle and magnitude) of the bus at which it is located. However, achieving observability of the system using only PMU devices is very expensive. In order to determine the condition of a power system, phasor measurements are employed in addition to conventional measurements. In this paper, the use of PMU measurements to estimate the state of a renewable energy microgrid (REM) has been explained and the proposed method has been verified on IEEE 21 bus microgrid. The method makes use of PMU voltage and current data after post-processing, as well as a separate linear state estimator model that makes use of the state estimate from Weighted Least Square (WLS). Using the WLS state estimation approach from conventional data, the model first estimates the state in polar coordinates. This state is then combined with PMU measurements in rectangular coordinates, to predict the system's final state

Frequency of intraoperative hypotension after the induction of anesthesia in hypertensive patients with preoperative angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Introduction: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important target in the treatment of hypertension. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. ACE inhibitors not only treat hypertension but also decrease morbidity and mortality in heart failure patients and in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The discontinuation of ACE inhibitors before the surgery is still controversial. To assess the current magnitude of the problem in our population, we aimed to conduct this study, which evaluated the frequency of intraoperative hypotension after the induction of anesthesia in controlled hypertensive patients with preoperative ACE inhibitors.Material and methods: This descriptive case series study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in a developing country after approval from the Ethics Review Committee. A total of 115 adult patients, from 16 to 60 years of age, who have undergone elective surgery, have controlled hypertension on the desired drugs for at least six months, have no history of any cardiac event, and have taken the drug on the morning of the surgery, were included in the study after written consent. The demographic data of the patients were entered into the proforma. Preoperative systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure were recorded by the researcher or an assignee in the preoperative holding area. The patients were followed in the recovery room by the team conducting the study until 10 minutes after the arrival of the patient in the recovery room. All statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences version 19 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant.Results: Of the 115 patients, 56 (48.7%) patients were in the age group between 51 and 60 years of age; 38 patients were between the ages of 41 and 50 years and only 21 patients were 40 years or less. On gender, 68 patients were female and 47 were male. According to body mass index (BMI), the majority of the patients were in the overweight group, amounting to 53 (46%), and 86 (74.78%) patients were known diabetics. Overall, 77 (66.96%) of the patients developed intraoperative hypotension with 41 (35.65%) patients requiring the use of vasopressors in order to correct the hypotension. No statistically significant difference was found between demographic and clinical variables.Conclusion: Intraoperative hypotension is more frequent in patients with controlled hypertension on ACE inhibitors although more studies need to be conducted on a larger population in order to determine a more definitive result

Comparison of Peritonsillar Bupivacaine versus Peritonsillar Dexamethasone in Post-Tonsillectomy Pain Management

Objective: To compare efficacy of Peritonsillar Dexamethasone with Peritonsillar Bupivacaine in managing post-tonsillectomy pain in children. Study design: Randomized Controlled Trial Setting & Period: ENT Department Fauji Foundation Hospital (FFH) Rawalpindi from 01-06-2019 to 31-11-2020. Material &Methods: A total of sixty patients of both genders between ages of 5-15 years fulfilling the recognized criteria for tonsillectomy were selected. They were equally divided into two groups; Group A received peritonsillar Bupivacaine while Group B received peritonsillar Dexamethasone. Mean post-tonsillectomy Visual Analogue Score (VAS) at 1st, 2nd and 7th day were recorded in both groups and compared using independent sample ‘t’ test. Results: In group A Mean post-tonsillectomy VAS at 24 hours was 6.73±1.44 SD while in group B it was 5.93±1.26 SD (p-value 0.025). Mean post-tonsillectomy VAS at 48 hours was 5.60±1.25 SD and 4.37±1.03 SD (p-value 0.000) respectively in groups A and B. At 7th post operative day, Mean VAS was noted as 3.27±0.74 SD and 2.30±0.79 SD (p-value 0.000) respectively in group A and B.  Conclusion: Peritonsillar Dexamethasone is more effective than peritonsillar Bupivacaine in controlling post-tonsillectomy pain in children. Statistically significant difference was noted for mean post-tonsillectomy VAS at 1st, 2nd and 7th day. Key Words: Tonsillectomy, visual analogue score, postoperative pain, dexamethasone, bupivacaine

Dysphagia among Middle-Aged Females

Objective: To assess the association of dysphagia with iron deficiency anemia in female patients. Study Design: Descriptive Study Setting & Duration: Department of ENT at Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi from April 2019 to April 2021. Material and Methods: Approval of the study was obtained from the Hospital Ethical Committee and then Informed Consent was obtained from all the patients. A total of 42 female patients with dysphagia were selected by Consecutive convenient sampling. After detailed history and physical examination, Complete Blood Count and X-ray Barium Swallow were done in all these patients, followed by Rigid Endoscopy under GA. Tissue biopsy was done in all the patients from suspicious areas. The data was analyzed for frequencies by SPSS 24. Results: 42 female patients were included in this study. The mean age of these patients was 46.30 years, ranging from 32 to 65 years. 40 (95%) of these patients showed Esophageal webs in the cricopharyngeal region, while 2 (5%) of them had irregular strictures in the post cricoid region of Hypopharynx. Iron deficiency anaemia was found in 32 (76.19%) patients. Histopathology report showed Squamous Cell Carcinoma in 2 patients with post cricoid strictures, while the rest 40 with webs showed chronic inflammation with fibrosis. Rigid esophagoscopy with web dilatation was highly effective procedure for treatment in 40 (95%) patients. Repeated dilatations were needed in 14 (33%) of the patients. The 2 patients with malignancy underwent Chemo-radiotherapy. Conclusion:  Iron deficiency anemia has a strong association with dysphagia in middle age female patients and is a potential risk factor for malignant transformation. Timely diagnosis and prevention of anaemia may result not only in decrease in PVS but also a decreased incidence of hypopharyngeal carcinoma in the vulnerable population. Key words: Dysphagia, Iron deficiency anemia, Post cricoid Carcinoma

Dysphagia among Middle-Aged Females

Objective: To assess the association of dysphagia with iron deficiency anemia in female patients. Study Design: Descriptive Study Setting & Duration: Department of ENT at Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi from April 2019 to April 2021. Material and Methods: Approval of the study was obtained from the Hospital Ethical Committee and then Informed Consent was obtained from all the patients. A total of 42 female patients with dysphagia were selected by Consecutive convenient sampling. After detailed history and physical examination, Complete Blood Count and X-ray Barium Swallow were done in all these patients, followed by Rigid Endoscopy under GA. Tissue biopsy was done in all the patients from suspicious areas. The data was analyzed for frequencies by SPSS 24. Results: 42 female patients were included in this study. The mean age of these patients was 46.30 years, ranging from 32 to 65 years. 40 (95%) of these patients showed Esophageal webs in the cricopharyngeal region, while 2 (5%) of them had irregular strictures in the post cricoid region of Hypopharynx. Iron deficiency anaemia was found in 32 (76.19%) patients. Histopathology report showed Squamous Cell Carcinoma in 2 patients with post cricoid strictures, while the rest 40 with webs showed chronic inflammation with fibrosis. Rigid esophagoscopy with web dilatation was highly effective procedure for treatment in 40 (95%) patients. Repeated dilatations were needed in 14 (33%) of the patients. The 2 patients with malignancy underwent Chemo-radiotherapy. Conclusion:  Iron deficiency anemia has a strong association with dysphagia in middle age female patients and is a potential risk factor for malignant transformation. Timely diagnosis and prevention of anaemia may result not only in decrease in PVS but also a decreased incidence of hypopharyngeal carcinoma in the vulnerable population. Key words: Dysphagia, Iron deficiency anemia, Post cricoid Carcinoma

Diagnostic accuracy of contrast enhanced MRI pelvis in differentiating indeterminate adnexal lesions into benign and malignant with histopathological correlation

Background: The objective of our study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging pelvis in differentiating indeterminate adnexal lesions into benign and malignant, while considering histopathological examinations as the gold standard.Methods: A total 880 patients who underwent contrast enhanced MRI pelvis in our institute from January 2014 to June 2016 were prospectively analyzed.Results: A total of 880 women were included in this study, of which 782 (88.8%) were younger than 50 years and 98 (11.1%) were older than 50 years. Mean patient age was 56.7 years and mean tumor size was 4.38 cm. There were 648 (73.60%) patients who had a tumor size of >4 cm, and 337 (38.29%) of these tumors were found to be malignant. Furthermore, tumors smaller than 4 cm in size were observed in 232 (26.36%) of patients, of which tumors in 225 (25.56%) patients were benign.Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced MRI was found to be significantly high (79.65%) in differentiating indeterminate adnexal lesions into benign and malignant lesions

Preparation Characterization and Study Thermal Properties of New Aromatie Polyester Based on Di Hydroxyl Monomers With 4,4-Azo Di Benzoic Acid Maleic Acid and Phthalic Acid

في هذا العمل سلسله جديدة من البولي استرات الاروماتية تم تخليقها باستخدام طريقة البلمرة التكثيفية لمونوميرات أروماتية ثنائية الهايدروكسيل تحتوي (على مجاميع المثيلين والفنيل وحلقة البريدين الغير متجانسة) وهذه المونوميرات هي  (BCHPBM, BHPFM,FBHP,CPBHP) مع الحوامض ثنائية الكاربوكسيل مثل (4,4-Azo di benzoic acid, Phthalic acid, Maleic acid) باستخدام dibutyltine dilaurate كعامل محفز حيث كانت النسب المئوية لنواتج البولي استرات تتراوح ما بين (75-88%). وتمت دراسة قابلية الذوبان للبوليمرات المحضرة في مجموعه من المذيبات العضوية المختلفة مثل (pyridine, CHCl3 , CH2Cl2 , NaOH , H2SO4 , HNO3 , acetone , benzene ,  DMF , DMSO , THF), وأيضا تم دراسة الثبات الحراري لهذه البولي استرات من خلال تقنية التحليل الحراري الوزني (TGA) وقد شخصت المونميرات والبوليمرات جميعها باستخدام مطيافية  FT-IR, 1 H-NMR .        In this work series of new aromatic Polyesters were synthesized by polycondensation of various aromatic monomers  di hydroxyl .this monomers containing on pyridine heterocyclic ring ,aliphatic methylene linkage and 4,4-Azo di benzoic acid (BCHPBM, BHPFM,FBHP,CPBHP) with Acids(4,4Azo di benzoic acid, phthalic acid and Maleic acid) using dibutyltine dilaurate as Catalyst .all polyesters(P.E1-P.E4)containing pyridine heterocyclic ring, aliphatic methylene linkage, and Azo group. The yield of Polyesters varies from 75-88%. All of  these  new  aromatic polyester  show very good  solubility in common organic  solvents, such as (pyridine, CHCl3,  CH2Cl2 , NaOH, H2SO4, HNO3, acetone, benzene, DMF, DMSO, THF) without need for heating. Thermal stability of polyesters was studied using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Monomers and polyesters characterized by spectrosticcopyFT-IRand1HNMR.                                                      &nbsp

DNA Barcoding: Amplification and sequence analysis of rbcl and matK genome regions in three divergent plant species

Background: DNA barcoding is a novel method of species identification based on nucleotide diversity of conserved sequences. The establishment and refining of plant DNA barcoding systems is more challenging due to high genetic diversity among different species. Therefore, targeting the conserved nuclear transcribed regions would be more reliable for plant scientists to reveal genetic diversity, species discrimination and phylogeny.Methods: In this study, we amplified and sequenced the chloroplast DNA regions (matk+rbcl) of Solanum nigrum, Euphorbia helioscopia and Dalbergia sissoo to study the functional annotation, homology modeling and sequence analysis to allow a more efficient utilization of these sequences among different plant species. These three species represent three families; Solanaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae respectively. Biological sequence homology and divergence of amplified sequences was studied using Basic Local Alignment Tool (BLAST).Results: Both primers (matk+rbcl) showed good amplification in three species. The sequenced regions reveled conserved genome information for future identification of different medicinal plants belonging to these species. The amplified conserved barcodes revealed different levels of biological homology after sequence analysis. The results clearly showed that the use of these conserved DNA sequences as barcode primers would be an accurate way for species identification and discrimination.Conclusion: The amplification and sequencing of conserved genome regions identified a novel sequence of matK in native species of Solanum nigrum. The findings of the study would be applicable in medicinal industry to establish DNA based identification of different medicinal plant species to monitor adulteration