A numerical study of the temperature field in a cooled radial turbine rotor

The three dimensional temperature distribution in the cooled rotor of a radial inflow turbine is determined numerically using the finite element method. Through this approach, the complicated geometries of the hot rotor and coolant passage surfaces are handled easily, and the temperatures are determined without loss of accuracy at these convective boundaries. Different cooling techniques with given coolant to primary flow ratios are investigated, and the corresponding rotor temperature fields are presented for comparison

Wheeler-DeWitt Quantization of Gravity Models of Unified Dark Energy and Dark Matter

First, we describe the construction of a new type of gravity-matter models based on the formalism of non-Riemannian space-time volume forms - alternative generally covariant integration measure densities (volume elements) defined in terms of auxiliary antisymmetric tensor gauge fields. Here gravity couples in a non-conventional way to two distinct scalar fields providing a unified Lagrangian action principle description of: (i) the evolution of both "early" and "late" Universe - by the "inflaton" scalar field; (ii) dark energy and dark matter as a unified manifestation of a single material entity - the "darkon" scalar field. A physically very interesting phenomenon occurs when including in addition interactions with the electro-weak model bosonic sector - we obtain a gravity-assisted dynamical generation of electro-weak spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking in the post-inflationary "late" Universe, while the Higgs-like scalar remains massless in the "early" Universe. Next, we proceed to the Wheeler-DeWitt minisuperspace quantization of the above models. The "darkon" field plays here the role of cosmological "time". In particular, we show the absence of cosmological space-time singularities.Comment: 15 pages, to be published in the Proceedings of QTS10 - 10th International Symposium "Quantum Theory and Symmetries" (Varna, 2017), Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics, V. Dobrev (ed.). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1609.0691

The warm inflationary universe

In the past decade, the importance of dissipation and fluctuation to inflationary dynamics has been realized and has led to a new picture of inflation called warm inflation. Although these phenomena are common to condensed matter systems, for inflation models their importance has only recently started to be appreciated. The article describes the motivation for these phenomenon during inflation and then examines their origins from first principles quantum field theory treatments of inflation models. Cosmology today is a data intensive field and this is driving theory to greater precision and predictability. This opens the possibility to consider tests for detecting observational signatures of dissipative processes, which will be discussed. In addition it will be discussed how particle physics and cosmology are now working in tandem to push the boundaries of our knowledge about fundamental physics.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure

Naturally Small Seesaw Neutrino Mass with No New Physics Beyond the TeV Scale

If there is no new physics beyond the TeV energy scale, such as in a theory of large extra dimensions, the smallness of the seesaw neutrino mass, i.e. $m_\nu = m_D^2/m_N$, cannot be explained by a very large $m_N$. In contrast to previous attempts to find an alternative mechanism for a small $m_\nu$, I show how a solution may be obtained in a simple extension of the Standard Model, without using any ingredient supplied by the large extra dimensions. It is also experimentally testable at future accelerators.Comment: 9 pages, in final form for PR

Transverse spectral functions and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in XXZ spin chains

Recently much progress has been made in applying field theory methods, first developed to study X-ray edge singularities, to interacting one dimensional systems in order to include band curvature effects and study edge singularities at arbitrary momentum. Finding experimental confirmations of this theory remains an open challenge. Here we point out that spin chains with uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions provide an opportunity to test these theories since these interactions may be exactly eliminated by a gauge transformation which shifts the momentum. However, this requires an extension of these X-ray edge methods to the transverse spectral function of the xxz spin chain in a magnetic field, which we provide

Probing Lepton Flavor Violation at Future Colliders

Supersymmetric theories with significant lepton flavor violation have $\tilde{e}$ and $\tilde{\mu}$ nearly degenerate. In this case, pair production of $\tilde{e}^+ \tilde{e}^-$ and $\tilde{\mu}^+ \tilde{\mu}^-$ at LEPII and at the Next Linear Collider leads to the phenomenon of slepton oscillations, which is analogous to neutrino oscillations. The reach in $\Delta m^2$ and $\sin^2 2 \theta$ gives a probe of lepton flavor violation which is significantly more powerful than the current bounds from rare processes, such as $\mu \to e\gamma$. Polarizable $e^-$ beams and the $e^-e^-$ mode at the NLC are found to be promising options.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, RevTeX, minor corrections, published versio

Hierarchies without Symmetries from Extra Dimensions

It is commonly thought that small couplings in a low-energy theory, such as those needed for the fermion mass hierarchy or proton stability, must originate from symmetries in a high-energy theory. We show that this expectation is violated in theories where the Standard Model fields are confined to a thick wall in extra dimensions, with the fermions "stuck" at different points in the wall. Couplings between them are then suppressed due to the exponentially small overlaps of their wave functions. This provides a framework for understanding both the fermion mass hierarchy and proton stability without imposing symmetries, but rather in terms of higher dimensional geography. A model independent prediction of this scenario is non-universal couplings of the Standard Model fermions to the ``Kaluza-Klein'' excitations of the gauge fields. This allows a measurement of the fermion locations in the extra dimensions at the LHC or NLC if the wall thickness is close to the TeV scale.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figure

Massive Gravity on a Brane

At present no theory of a massive graviton is known that is consistent with experiments at both long and short distances. The problem is that consistency with long distance experiments requires the graviton mass to be very small. Such a small graviton mass however implies an ultraviolet cutoff for the theory at length scales far larger than the millimeter scale at which gravity has already been measured. In this paper we attempt to construct a model which avoids this problem. We consider a brane world setup in warped AdS spacetime and we investigate the consequences of writing a mass term for the graviton on a the infrared brane where the local cutoff is of order a large (galactic) distance scale. The advantage of this setup is that the low cutoff for physics on the infrared brane does not significantly affect the predictivity of the theory for observers localized on the ultraviolet brane. For such observers the predictions of this theory agree with general relativity at distances smaller than the infrared scale but go over to those of a theory of massive gravity at longer distances. A careful analysis of the graviton two-point function, however, reveals the presence of a ghost in the low energy spectrum. A mode decomposition of the higher dimensional theory reveals that the ghost corresponds to the radion field. We also investigate the theory with a brane localized mass for the graviton on the ultraviolet brane, and show that the physics of this case is similar to that of a conventional four dimensional theory with a massive graviton, but with one important difference: when the infrared brane decouples and the would-be massive graviton gets heavier than the regular Kaluza--Klein modes, it becomes unstable and it has a finite width to decay off the brane into the continuum of Kaluza-Klein states.Comment: 26 pages, LaTeX. v2: extended version with an appendix added about non Fierz-Pauli mass terms. Few typos corrected. Final version appeared in PR

Gauge/Anomaly Syzygy and Generalized Brane World Models of Supersymmetry Breaking

In theories in which SUSY is broken on a brane separated from the MSSM matter fields, supersymmetry breaking is naturally mediated in a variety of ways. Absent other light fields in the theory, gravity will mediate supersymmetry breaking through the conformal anomaly. If gauge fields propagate in the extra dimension they, too, can mediate supersymmetry breaking effects. The presence of gauge fields in the bulk motivates us to consider the effects of new messenger fields with holomorphic and non-holomorphic couplings to the supersymmetry breaking sector. These can lead to contributions to the soft masses of MSSM fields which dramatically alter the features of brane world scenarios of supersymmetry breaking. In particular, they can solve the negative slepton mass squared problem of anomaly mediation and change the predictions of gaugino mediation.Comment: 4 pages, RevTe