5,914 research outputs found
Phenomenology of the Littlest Higgs with T-Parity
Little Higgs models offer an interesting approach to weakly coupled
electroweak symmetry breaking without fine tuning. The original little Higgs
models were plagued by strong constraints from electroweak precision data which
required a fine tuning to be reintroduced. An economical solution to this
problem is to introduce a discrete symmetry (analogous to R-parity of SUSY)
called T-parity. T-parity not only eliminates most constraints from electroweak
precision data, but it also leads to a promising dark matter candidate. In this
paper we investigate the dark matter candidate in the littlest Higgs model with
T-parity. We find bounds on the symmetry breaking scale f as a function of the
Higgs mass by calculating the relic density. We begin the study of the LHC
phenomenology of the littlest Higgs model with T-parity. We find that the model
offers an interesting collider signature that has a generic missing energy
signal which could "fake" SUSY at the LHC. We also investigate the properties
of the heavy partner of the top quark which is common to all littlest Higgs
models, and how its properties are modified with the introduction of T-parity.
We include an appendix with a list of Feynman rules specific to the littlest
Higgs with T-parity to facilitate further study.Comment: 32 pages, 8 figures; dark matter bounds revised; comphep model files
made publicly available at http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/theory/tparity
Physics Needs for Future Accelerators
Contents:
1. Prologomena to any meta future physics
1.1 Physics needs for building future accelerators
1.2 Physics needs for funding future accelerators
2. Physics questions for future accelerators
2.1 Crimes and misapprehensions
2.1.1 Organized religion 2.1.2 Feudalism 2.1.3 Trotsky was right
2.2 The Standard Model as an effective field theory
2.3 What is the scale of new physics?
2.4 What could be out there?
2.5 Model-independent conclusions
3. Future accelerators
3.1 What is the physics driving the LHC?
3.2 What is the physics driving the LC?
3.2.1 Higgs physics is golden
3.2.2 LHC won't be sufficient to unravel the new physics as the TeV scale
3.2.3 LC precision measurements can pin down new physics scales
3.3 Why a Neutrino Factory?
3.4 Pushing the energy frontierComment: 19 pages, 7 figures. Talk presented at the XIX International
Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies (Lepton-Photon
'99), Stanford University, August 9-14, 199
Pseudonatural Inflation
We study how to obtain a sufficiently flat inflaton potential that is natural
from the particle physics point of view. Supersymmetry, which is broken during
inflation, cannot protect the potential against non-renormalizable operators
violating slow-roll. We are therefore led to consider models based on
non-linearly realized symmetries. The basic scenario with a single
four-dimensional pseudo Nambu Goldstone boson requires the spontaneous breaking
scale to be above the Planck scale, which is beyond the range of validity of
the field theory description, so that quantum gravity corrections are not under
control. A nice way to obtain consistent models with large field values is to
consider simple extensions in extra-dimensional setups. We also consider the
minimal structures necessary to obtain purely four-dimensional models with
spontaneous breaking scale below M_P; we show that they require an approximate
symmetry that is supplemented by either the little-Higgs mechanism or
supersymmetry to give trustworthy scenarios.Comment: 30 pages, 2 figures. v2: minor changes, ref. added, accepted for JCA
Ancilla-assisted sequential approximation of nonlocal unitary operations
We consider the recently proposed "no-go" theorem of Lamata et al [Phys. Rev.
Lett. 101, 180506 (2008)] on the impossibility of sequential implementation of
global unitary operations with the aid of an itinerant ancillary system and
view the claim within the language of Kraus representation. By virtue of an
extremely useful tool for analyzing entanglement properties of quantum
operations, namely, operator-Schmidt decomposition, we provide alternative
proof to the "no-go" theorem and also study the role of initial correlations
between the qubits and ancilla in sequential preparation of unitary entanglers.
Despite the negative response from the "no-go" theorem, we demonstrate
explicitly how the matrix-product operator(MPO) formalism provides a flexible
structure to develop protocols for sequential implementation of such entanglers
with an optimal fidelity. The proposed numerical technique, that we call
variational matrix-product operator (VMPO), offers a computationally efficient
tool for characterizing the "globalness" and entangling capabilities of
nonlocal unitary operations.Comment: Slightly improved version as published in Phys. Rev.
Bigravity and Lorentz-violating Massive Gravity
Bigravity is a natural arena where a non-linear theory of massive gravity can
be formulated. If the interaction between the metrics and is
non-derivative, spherically symmetric exact solutions can be found. At large
distances from the origin, these are generically Lorentz-breaking bi-flat
solutions (provided that the corresponding vacuum energies are adjusted
appropriately). The spectrum of linearized perturbations around such
backgrounds contains a massless as well as a massive graviton, with {\em two}
physical polarizations each. There are no propagating vectors or scalars, and
the theory is ghost free (as happens with certain massive gravities with
explicit breaking of Lorentz invariance). At the linearized level, corrections
to GR are proportional to the square of the graviton mass, and so there is no
vDVZ discontinuity. Surprisingly, the solution of linear theory for a static
spherically symmetric source does {\em not} agree with the linearization of any
of the known exact solutions. The latter coincide with the standard
Schwarzschild-(A)dS solutions of General Relativity, with no corrections at
all. Another interesting class of solutions is obtained where and are
proportional to each other. The case of bi-de Sitter solutions is analyzed in
some detail.Comment: 25 pages. v3 Typos corrected, references added. v4 Introduction
extende
Higgs Mechanism and Bulk Gauge Boson Masses in the Randall-Sundrum Model
Assuming the breaking of gauge symmetries by the Higgs mechanism, we consider
the associated bulk gauge boson masses in the Randall-Sundrum background. With
the Higgs field confined on the TeV-brane, the W and Z boson masses can
naturally be an order of magnitude smaller than their Kaluza-Klein excitation
masses. Current electroweak precision data requires the lowest excited state to
lie above about 30 TeV, with fermions on the TeV-brane. This bound is reduced
to about 10 TeV if the fermions reside sufficiently close to the Planck-brane.
Thus, some tuning of parameters is needed. We also discuss the bulk Higgs case,
where the bounds are an order of magnitude smaller.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, using REVTeX, slightly expanded version to appear
in Phys. Rev.
TeV Symmetry and the Little Hierarchy Problem
Constraints from precision electroweak measurements reveal no evidence for
new physics up to 5 - 7 TeV, whereas naturalness requires new particles at
around 1 TeV to address the stability of the electroweak scale. We show that
this "little hierarchy problem" can be cured by introducing a symmetry for new
particles at the TeV scale. As an example, we construct a little Higgs model
with this new symmetry, dubbed T-parity, which naturally solves the little
hierarchy problem and, at the same time, stabilize the electroweak scale up to
10 TeV. The model has many important phenomenological consequences, including
consistency with the precision data without any fine-tuning, a stable
weakly-interacting particle as the dark matter candidate, as well as collider
signals completely different from existing little Higgs models, but rather
similar to the supersymmetric theories with conserved R-parity.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure; v.2: typos corrected and various minor
modifications/expansions on the presentations. now 16 pages and 1 figure.
version to appear on JHE
The importance of tau leptons for supersymmetry searches at the Tevatron
Supersymmetry is perhaps most effectively probed at the Tevatron through
production and decay of weak gauginos. Most of the analyses of weak gaugino
observables require electrons or muons in the final state. However, it is
possible that the gauginos will decay primarily to tau leptons, thus
complicating the search for supersymmetry. The motivating reasons for high tau
multiplicity final states are discussed in three approaches to supersymmetry
model building: minimal supergravity, gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking,
and more minimal supersymmetry. The concept of ``e/mu/tau candidate'' is
introduced, and an observable with three e/mu/tau candidates is defined in
analog to the trilepton observable. The maximum mass reach for supersymmetry is
then estimated when gaugino decays to tau leptons have full branching fraction.Comment: 9 pages, latex, 2 figures. Presented at the D0 New Phenomena
Workshop, UC Davis, 26-28 March 199
Little Inflatons and Gauge Inflation
Cosmological inflation gives a natural answer for a variety of cosmological
questions, including the horizon problem, the flatness problem, and others.
However, inflation yields new questions relating to the flatness of the
inflaton potential. Recent studies of ``little'' fields, a special class of
pseudo-Goldstone bosons, have shown it is possible to protect the mass of a
field while still yielding order one interactions with other fields. In this
paper, we will show that ``little inflatons'' are natural candidates for the
slow roll field of hybrid inflation models. We consider both supersymmetric and
non-supersymmetric models, and give a simple examples based on approximate
Abelian symmetries which solve the inflaton flatness problem of supergravity.
We also present hybrid models in which components of gauge fields in higher
dimensions play the role of the inflaton. Protected by higher-dimensional gauge
symmetry, they, too, naturally have large couplings while suppressed mass
terms. We summarize the implications of the new WMAP data on such models.Comment: 25 pages; corrections, references added, discussion modified
including consideration of WMAP result
Holomorphic selection rules, the origin of the mu term, and thermal inflation
When an abelian gauge theory with integer charges is spontaneously broken by
the expectation value of a charge Q field, there remains a Z_Q discrete
symmetry. In a supersymmetric theory, holomorphy adds additional constraints on
the operators that can appear in the effective superpotential. As a result,
operators with the same mass dimension but opposite sign charges can have very
different coupling strengths. In the present work we characterize the operator
hierarchies in the effective theory due to holomorphy, and show that there
exist simple relationships between the size of an operator and its mass
dimension and charge. Using such holomorphy-induced operator hierarchies, we
construct a simple model with a naturally small supersymmetric mu term. This
model also provides a concrete realization of late-time thermal inflation,
which has the ability to solve the gravitino and moduli problems of weak-scale
supersymmetry.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figur
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